走进浙江现代名家的诗词世界

张科

中华民族是诗的民族，中国人民对诗词有着独特的文化情结。一部中国诗词史既是中华文明在语言文字上浓缩的精华，更是几千年来中国人民精神风貌的展示。从中国诗歌的缘起《诗经》开始，包括汉魏六朝诗、唐宋诗词、明清诗词，—直延续到现当代名人诗词，千百年来，人们就是从这些意韵无穷的诗词中得到滋养，代代相传、生生不息。

诗词是中国人表达情感的最古老的方式。央视诗词类节目《中国诗词大会》《朗读者》火爆的深层次原因，就是中华民族诗心不老，一遇水与阳光就会勃发绽放。

浙江大学人文学院丁茂远教授所著《浙江现代十大家诗词赏析》一书，新近由中国社会科学出版社出版，受到读者的欢迎与好评。书中入选的十位大家是：蔡元培、章太炎、刘大白、鲁迅、马一浮、沈尹默、郁达夫、茅盾、俞平伯、夏承焘。他们在各自从事的政治、教育、文化、学术、文学等领域都卓然成家，且都在旧体诗词写作方面取得了显著成就。这些我国现代著名的革命家、思想家、教育家、文学家，被称为“大家”均当之无愧。

我问丁茂远教授：“你为什么要写这本书呢？”

“我写《浙江现代十大家诗词赏析》一书，是因为浙江地灵人杰，文人輩出，历来是文学大省。自东汉以降，载入史册的文学家超过千人。特别是五四以来，涌现出如鲁迅、茅盾、郁达夫等一大批著名文学家，无论小说、散文还是戏剧，都涌现大量优秀的作品，同样，旧体诗词创作也不例外。在新中国成立初期出现的第一本诗词合集《鲁迅郭沫若刘大白郁达夫四大家诗词钞》，四位大家中浙江就有三席，由此可见一斑。所以，集中介绍浙江现代十大家的诗词，就是为了展示这些文化名人诗词创作的成就，以引起读者阅读与鉴赏的兴趣，既有助于读者了解浙江现代诗词的整体风貌，也为文化浙江建设尽点绵薄之力。”

浙江现代文学家和文化名人中有如此众多才华横溢的诗人词家，他们所作旧体诗词佳篇为群星灿烂的中国现代文学增添了缤纷异彩。书中分别收入这十位大家各自三十篇诗词，全书达40多万字。

为方便读者了解这十位大家的诗词，对于他们每人都写有一篇总论，以介绍他们主要的生平经历、诗词创作与艺术成就；对于每位名家入选的三十篇诗词，每篇之后各有一篇简明扼要的赏析文章，主要介绍写作缘起、诗词内容与艺术特点。

那么该书有什么写作特色呢？我认为主要有三点：一是集中选取浙江十位大家诗词欣赏分析，尚属首见。二是兼顾艺术性与可读性。书中入选的均系名家诗词，因此具有一定的学术与史料价值。对于名家诗词总体介绍与每篇具体分析相结合，力求深入浅出，能让读者看懂，进而提高阅读能力与审美情趣。三是其中几位名家，如蔡元培、马一浮、章太炎的诗词，虽已较为集中或分散收入全集，但至今尚无选本。沈尹默、俞平伯、夏承焘虽有单行本诗词集，却少见具体赏析文章。此书在开拓与创新方面作了可贵的探索与努力。

穿梭于奔流不息、从未断流的中国文化之河，给读者做一次现代诗词的“导游”。深刻的文化脉络在书中清晰呈现。从学者的角度，以现代的审美、简练的表达，向人们介绍中华优秀传统文化。当读者打开扉页，走进灿烂浙江现代诗词世界，此中的体验是如此的惊喜！

“十大家中有三家诗词特别难于解读，比如蔡元培，此前既无选本，也无人介绍，需从其全集十八卷中查找搜寻，然后加以注析；典故与史实的大量运用，使章太炎诗词古奥晦涩，难读难解；马一浮作为学者型诗人，经史、辞赋、诗文无不精深，佛经、典藏也往往点化在诗词中。这些都是此书解读、写作的难点。”丁茂远教授如是向我介绍。

现代旧体诗词作为一种传统的、特殊的文学样式，是中国现代文学史上别样的精彩篇章，但旧体诗词多凝练含蓄，解读不易。正如浙江大学人文学院博士生导师陆坚教授为此书撰写的序言所说：此书“不囿成说，不避其难，独有感悟，独辟蹊径……全书对入选作家及其诗作都有精要评介，对入选每一作品中的成语典故、疑难词语等又作随文疏解，这是坐着冷板凳干的劳心费时的苦活。编撰者还统摄全篇作鉴赏性的分析，这更有助于唤起读者兴趣，引导理解深入，给人以某种似曾相识却又脱离旧踪的醒目之感。”“言简意赅的鉴赏短文，自出机杼，自有识见，使人心会意得，启发多多。”

丁茂远教授在老杭大中文系担任了多年的现当代文学教研室主任，退休后著书立说近10部。最近这5年，他连续出版了《中国现当代著名人士对联赏析辞典》《郭沫若全集·集外散佚诗词考释》《浙江现代十大家诗词赏析》3本专著，合计约300万字。

板凳要坐十年冷，文章不写半句空。这是一种多么宝贵的笔尖上的工匠精神啊！每写一本书都需要大量的资料积累，成千的材料卡片需要进行分类整理。就此一项基础工作，工作量就极其浩大。但是，丁教授乐此不疲，笑言：“七老八十。”意思是到了70岁，人生有了新高度；80岁，有了新的丰收。“老年人退休了也需要有些追求，做点自己喜欢的事情。我是现当代的专业，古诗词的‘爱好。”专业与兴趣的结合让他找到了退休后的治学方向。

丁茂远教授如今年逾80岁，依旧腰板笔挺，走起路来步履轻快。目前，丁教授又着手《古今西湖诗词鉴赏》等著作的撰写出版工作。老先生说：“我的爱好不过是一杯酒、一本书。”老有所为，老有所乐，这真是一派诗酒年华、文化养老的好景象！

Professor Anthologizes Poetry of Zhejiang Literary Masters

By Zhang Ke

by Professor Ding Maoyuan of Liberal Arts College of Zhejiang University has been published by China Social Sciences Press. The book focuses upon the poems by Cai Yuanpei， Zhang Taiyan， Liu Dabai， Lu Xun， Ma Yifu， Shen Yimo， Yu Dafu， Mao Dun， Yu Pingbo， and Xia Chengtao， all 20th-century masters of national renown for their brilliant intellectual contributions to politics， education， culture， academic studies， and literature.endprint

Professor Ding had long wanted to put together such an anthology of poetry for a long time. He explained： “Zhejiang has long been a powerhouse of literature. Since the Eastern Han， over 1，000 natives of Zhejiang have been mentioned in history for their literary talents and achievements. In particular， a large galaxy of literary masters emerged out of the May 4 Movement in the late 1910s， including Lu Xun， Mao Dun and Yu Dafu. Though versed in the traditional Chinese classics as they were all born and primarily educated in the Qing Dynasty， they broke new grounds in literature and other fields as the imperial feudal system eventually collapsed and China struggled to modernize itself and moved toward a better future. In addition， the poems they wrote in the traditional format are pretty good. Shortly after the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949， an anthology of poems by Lu Xun， Guo Moruo， Liu Dabai and Yu Dafu was published to recognize their literary achievement in the old-style poems. Three of the four were of Zhejiang origin. An anthology of poems by ten literary masters of Zhejiang origin is an opportunity for readers to read these poems and appreciate Zhejiang as a literary powerhouse.”

For each of the ten， the professor picked 30 poems， wrote an introduction on the individuals life， poetry and literary merits. For each of the 30 poems， he wrote a short appreciation， providing background information and analyzing what the poem says and why it is worth reading.

The professor took extra efforts to provide analysis and annotation on the poems of Cai Yuanpei， Zhang Taiyan and Ma Yifu. No publisher in China had ever published a selection of Cai Yuanpeis poems. Ding selected the quota from the 18-volume . Zhang Taiyan， a scholar of Chinese classics， liberally used literary allusions， historical facts， and anecdotes in his poems. They are difficult to read and analyze. It took the professor quite a long time and energy to process Zhangs poems. A scholar of Confucianism， Ma Yifu wrote poems that not only reflect his profound understanding of history， literature， and classics but also mirror his understanding of Buddhist sutras and the concepts from his private collection of books.

is special for a reason： never has such an anthology of poems in the traditional format by modern literary masters of Zhejiang origin been published before. Most modern Chinese dont know how to compose poems in the traditional format， though there are millions who read ancient poems avidly. Schools teach neither complex rules nor essential techniques. Moreover， vigorous training in classics and poem writing basics is no longer accessible easily. These ten literary masters， born in the Qing Dynasty and highly trained in the traditional Chinese education in their formative years， represented the last batch of poets who wrote such poems masterfully and with ease.

Ding Maoyuan， born in 1937， served as director of modern literature institute at Hangzhou University， which merged with Zhejiang University in 1998. Specialized in modern literature in general and poems by modern writers in particular， Ding has produced about ten books on poems by various masters. is his latest work. He still works in the old-school style： writing with a pen， doing research and organizing thousands of cards on poems and poets into a system before he seriously gets down to writing a book.endprint