科学界的巨匠

周培源 1902.8.28～1993.11.24

理论物理、流体力学家。江苏宜兴人。1924年毕业于清华学校（今清华大学前身）。1928年获美国加州理工学院理学博士学位。1936年至1937年在美国参加A.爱因斯坦领导的广义相对论讨论班并进行相对引力论和宇宙论的研究。北京大学教授、中国科协主席、名誉主席。主要从事物理学的基础理论研究中难度最大的两个方面即爱因斯坦广义相对论引力论和流体力学中的湍流理论的研究与教学并取得出色成果。在发展中国教育事业和组织领导国家科学文化事业等方面作出了重要贡献。

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Theoretical physicist and fluid mechanics expert. Born in Yixing， Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Tsinghua School（the predecessor of Teinghua University ）in 1924.Received Sc.D. from California

Institute of Technology， USA in 1928. Took part in the seminar of general relativity theory presided by Prof. A. Einstein and studied gravity in relativity theory and cosmos theory from 1936 to 1937.Chairman and honorary chairman， Chinese Association for Science and Technology， and professor， Peking University.

Zhou devoted himself to the research and education of two most difficult aspects in the fundamental theory of physics， namely， gravity theory in Einsteins general relativity theory and turbulence flow in fluid mechanics， and obtained outstanding results. He also achieved important contributions in developing Chinas education and organizing the scientific and culture undertakings.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

柯 召 1910.4.12～2002.11.08

數学家。浙江温岭人。1933年毕业于清华大学。1937年获英国曼彻斯特大学博士学位。四川大学教授、校长、名誉校长。主要从事代数学、数论、组合数学等方面得教学与研究工作并取得突出成就。在数论方面，在表二次型为线性型平方和的研究上取得一系列重要成果。在不定方程方面，解决了一百多年来未能解决的卡塔兰猜想的二次情形，并获得一系列重要成果。在组合论方面，与他人合作得出了关于有限集组橡胶的一个著名定理即“安道什—柯—拉多定理”，开辟了极值理论迅速发展的道路。在发展中国教育事业、培养大批科学人才方面做了大量卓有成效的工作。

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Mathematician. Born in Wenling， Zhejiang Province. Graduated from Qinghua University in 1933.Received Ph.D .from Manchester University， UK in 1937.Professor，former president and president emeritus， Sichuan University.

Ke has been engaged in the research and education for years and has made outstanding contributions in the fields of algebra， number theory and combinatorial mathematics. He obtained a series of significant theorems on the representation of a quadratic form as a sum as squares of linear forms. On the Diophantine equations， he solved the quadratic case of the Catalan conjecture， which has history of more than 100 years， and gained a number of important results. In Combinatorial theory， collaborated with others， he gave the wellknown theorem on the intersection sets of systems of finite sets， i.e Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem， which opens the way for the rapid development of the extremal set theory .Moreover， he has made grate and effective contributions to the education in China.endprint

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

胡 宁 1916.2.11～1997.12.26

物理学家。江苏宿迁人。1938年毕业于清华大学。1943年获美国加州理工学院物理学博士学位。北京大学教授、中国科学院理论物理研究所研究员。早年致力于流体力学中湍流理论的研究。40至50年代，对介子的核力理论和广义相对论、S矩阵理论、量子电动力学和粒子理论、高能多粒子产生理论和强相互等作了深入研究，取得多项重要成果。60年代中期与朱洪元共同领导建立和发展了强子内部结构的层子模型理论的工作，并对有关问题作了系統研究，获一系列创见性成果。对高能物理实验中发现的大量新强子和新现象作了分析并对强子结构和强相互作用动力机理作了探讨。

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Suqian， Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University in 1938. Received Sc.D. from California Institute of Technology， USA in 1943.Professor， Peking University， and research professor， Institute of Theoretical Physics， Chinese Academy of Sciences.

In this early career， Hu devoted himself to the study of theory of turbulent flow in fluid mechanics. In the 1940s and 1950s，he made deepgoing studies in the nuclear force theory for meson and generalized relatives， S matrix theory quantum electrodynamics and particle theory，highenergy multiparticle generation theory and strong interaction theory， and achieved significant progress .In the mid 1960s，together with Professor Zhu Hongyuan， he led the work of establishing and advancing the theory of straton model for hadron internal structure. Relevant problems were systematically studied and series of original results were obtained .He analyzed a large number of new hadron and new phenomena disclosed in the highenergy physical experiments and went future into the motive mechanism of hadron structure and strong actions.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.

周同庆 1907.11.17～1989.2.13

物理学家。江苏昆山人。1929年毕业于清华大学。1933年获美国普林斯顿大学物理学博士学位。复旦大学教授。主要从事光谱学、气体放电光谱学、气体放电等离子体物理等方面的研究与教学工作，是中国光谱学研究的开拓者。30年代研制了新的低压电弧光源，进行了Rb和Cs等原子光谱线倒塔克效应、分子光谱和分子结构等研究。40年代在探索河道水深测定的物理途径方面取得重要成果，制成可测水深和暗礁位置得仪器。在合作研制真空管、X光管、高盐整流等等方面作出重要贡献。开创并深入研究了立方体放电等离子体光谱。

1955年选聘为中国科学院院士（学部委员）。

Physicist. Born in Kunshan， Jiangsu Province. Graduated from Tsinghua University， USA in 1929. Recived doctor of Physics from Princeton University， USA in 1933.Professor， Fudan University.

Zhou was mainly engaged in the research and education in the fields of spectroscopy， gas discharging spectroscopy and gas discharging plasma physics and was respected as the pioneer in spectroscopic study in China. In the 1930s，he developed a new type of low voltage arc illuminant and carried out investigations on the Inverse-Stack effect of Rb and Cs atomic spectrum， molecular spectrum and molecular structures. In the 1940s， he made important achievements in the study of physical approaches for measuring river depth and created the equipment for determining the depth of water and locating submerged reefs. He also made significant contributions in jointly developing high-vacuum tubes， X-ray and high-pressure rectifier tubes. He established and made deepgoing investigations on the space discharge plasma spectroscopy.

He became Member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 1955.endprint