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PET—CT术前检测食管癌、非小细胞肺癌淋巴结转移的对照分析

2018-01-09曲峻锋常浩廖飞赵智宏王巨

现代仪器与医疗 2017年5期
关键词:预测值灵敏度特异性

曲峻锋 常浩 廖飞 赵智宏 王巨

[摘 要] 目的:比较PET-CT术前检测食管癌(EC)、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)淋巴结转移的准确度,观察其诊断EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法:43例EC患者及113例NSCLC患者术前1周接受PET-CT检查,以术后病理检查结果为金标准,计算并对比术前PET-CT诊断EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性及准确率,分析其临床参考价值。结果:43例EC患者共切取淋巴结350枚(188组),病理诊断检出59枚淋巴结转移(16.86%),113例NSCLC患者共切取淋巴结494枚(215组),病理诊断检出131枚淋巴结转移(26.52%)。术前PET-CT检测EC淋巴结转移的灵敏度、阴性预测值高于NSCLC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术前PET-CT检测EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的特异性、准确率、阳性预测值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:PET-CT术前检测EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的参考价值均较高,且评估EC淋巴结转移的灵敏度更为理想。

[关键词] 正电子发射型计算机断层扫描;食管癌;非小细胞肺癌;淋巴结转移

中图分类号:R734.2 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-5200(2017)05-018-03

DOI:10.11876/mimt201705008

Comparative analysis on the test accuracy of PET-CT on esophagus cancer and non-small cell lung cancer QU Junfeng, CHANG Hao, LIAO Fei, ZHAO Zhihong, WANG Ju. (Department of Thoracic Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, china)

[Abstract] Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the accuracy of PET-CT on EC and NSCLC lymphatic metastasis and observe its clinical value in diagnose these lymphatic metastasis. Methods: 43 cases of EC patients and 113 NSCLC patients were examined by means of PET-CT one week before operation. The pathological results were considered as the criteria to measure the accuracy. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of the preoperative and postoperative PET-CT were calculated and compared. Results: Of 43 EC patients, 350 (188 groups) lymphatic gland were excised and the pathological results showed that 59 lymphatic metastasis occurred (16.86%); of 113 NSCLC patients, 494 (215 groups) lymphatic gland were excised and the pathological results showed that 131 lymphatic metastasis occurred (26.52%). The test accuracy and negative predictive value of PET-CT on EC before operation were higher than that on NSCLC, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The specificity, positive predicative value and the accuracy of PET-CT on EC and NSCLC were compared and the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions: PET-CT has higher reference value in the test accuracy of EC and NSCLS lymphatic metastasis and the sensitivity on the evaluation of EC lymphatic metastasis is relatively ideal.

[Key words] position emission computed tomography; esophagus cancer; non-small cell lung cancer; lymphatic metastasis

食管癌(EC)是一種侵袭性极强的恶性肿瘤,居癌症相关病死率第6位,其5年生存率不足25%;非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)约占肺癌的75%~80%,患者5年生存率仅为15.6%[1]。术前淋巴结分期对确定手术方案具有重要意义 [2]。

正电子发射型计算机断层扫描(PET-CT)可自分子代谢水平了解恶性肿瘤分期,评估淋巴结转移的准确度优于传统影像。但尚无文献就该技术在EC、NSCLC两种恶性肿瘤淋巴结转移诊断中的效能进行对比[3-4]。为弥补这一空白,此次研究选取156例患者进行报道。endprint

1 资料与方法

1.1 研究对象

选择2011年3月至2017年2月期间接受手术治疗的43例EC患者及113例NSCLC患者。

患者均于术前1周接受PET-CT检查,空腹6 h以上,明确空腹和(或)随机血糖浓度正常后,静脉注射2-氟-18-氟-2-脱氧-D-葡萄糖(18F-FDG),注射剂量3.7~5.5 MBq/kg,平卧1 h,排空膀胱,使用Gemini TF 16 PET-CT(荷兰飞利浦公司),自颅顶至大腿上1/3扫描(NSCLC)或颅顶至双侧肾脏下缘(EC),4 min/床位,共采集6个床位。将数据均传输至Xeleris工作站,经数据迭代重建后,获取冠状面、矢状面、横断面图像[5-6]。

1.2 研究方法

由2名高年资影像科医师对淋巴结转移状态进行判断,以术后病理组织学检查结果为金标准,计算PET-CT评估EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性及准确率,计算公式[7]:灵敏度=真阳性/(真阳性+假阴性);特异性=真阴性/(真阴性+假阳性);准确率=(真阳性+真阴性)/总例数;阳性预测值=真阳性/(真阳性+假阳性);阴性预测值=真阴性/(真阴性+假阴性)。

SPSS 18.0处理数据,χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 病理分期

43例EC患者均为鳞状细胞癌,临床分期:T1期17例,T2期13例,T3期13例;113例NSCLC患者中,鳞癌37例,腺癌61例,鳞腺癌8例,肺泡癌4例,其他3例,临床分期(TNM分期):T1期58例,T2期28例,T3期27例。

2.2 淋巴结转移

43例EC患者共切取淋巴结350枚(188组),病理诊断检出59枚淋巴结转移,PET-CT检出71枚淋巴结转移,见表1;113例NSCLC患者共切取淋巴结494枚(215组),病理诊断检出131枚淋巴结转移,PET-CT检出122枚淋巴结转移,见表2。

2.3 诊断效能

术前PET-CT检测EC淋巴结转移的灵敏度、阴性预测值高于NSCLC,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),术前PET-CT检测EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的特异性、准确率、阳性预测值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)

3 讨论

手术根治性切除是当前EC、NSCLC的首选方法,而淋巴结转移是影响根治性手术效果与患者远期预后的重要原因,因此,术前准确判断淋巴结转移状态,对于指导分期判断、治疗方案调整与淋巴结清扫范围选择均有着重要意义[8]。当前临床判断EC淋巴结转移的依据包括消化道钡餐、食管腔内超声等,判断NSCLC淋巴结转移主要借助胸部CT,但经病理验证均不理想,其原因与炎症所致淋巴结增大、微小转移不会影响淋巴结体积等多种原因有关[9-10]。

PET-CT是当前最为先进的影像学检查技术之一,该技术融合了PET与CT的双重优势,一方面可从解剖学层面显示淋巴结异常状态,另一方面可实现病灶功能显像,从而将病灶功能代谢信息与解剖结构信息有机融合,为临床诊断评估提供更为全面、可靠的参考[11]。此次研究就术前PET-CT检测EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的效能进行了分析与对比,结果显示,PET-CT在判断EC淋巴结转移的灵敏度、阴性预测值方面具有更为明显的优势。

当前PET-CT判断NSCLC淋巴结转移的主要依据为淋巴结最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)超过2.5[12],基于这一标准,PET-CT检测NSCLC淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性分别为74.05%、93.11%,其灵敏度偏低的原因与真阳性率稍低、假阴性率较高有关,造成这一现象的机制可能为:部分微小转移淋巴结的淋巴结直径小于PET-CT空间分辨率范围,可能造成假阴性出现,而肿瘤侵及肺门或纵膈可导致与淋巴结分界不清,影响结果判断[13-14]。此外,由于18F-FGD并非肿瘤特异性显像剂,在淋巴结转移的判断中也可能造成真阳性率的下降[15]。

与NSCLC淋巴结转移标准一致,PET-CT判断EC淋巴结转移的标准亦为SUVmax>2.5,但在这一框架下,PET-CT判断EC淋巴结转移的灵敏度高于NSCLC,可能是由于肺部感染性疾病被认为是导致PET-CT显像SUVmax高于正常范圍的主要原因,而EC患者肺部感染性疾病患病率往往低于NSCLC患者,也是导致假阴性率上涨的重要因素[17-18]。与此同时,由于阴性预测值是由真阴性率、假阴性率计算而来,假阴性率的下降也有助于阴性预测值的上升,故PET-CT在检测EC淋巴结转移方面的效能明显优于NSCLC。

总体而言,PET-CT术前检测EC、NSCLC淋巴结转移的效能均值得肯定,但PET-CT检测EC淋巴结转移的灵敏度、阴性预测值更高,其原因可能与NSCLC患者肺部感染灶有关,因此,在今后的临床实践中,更应注重合并肺部感染NSCLC患者PET-CT图像的判别,尽可能为术中淋巴结清扫范围的选择提供更为合理、可靠的参考。

参 考 文 献

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