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失眠患者神经损伤标志物水平变化研究

2018-01-09王安娜涂杰霞王洪洲

现代仪器与医疗 2017年5期
关键词:失眠

王安娜 涂杰霞 王洪洲

[摘 要] 目的:檢测失眠患者神经损伤标志物水平变化,为失眠发病机制的探索提供新的思路。方法:104例失眠患者,按照其治疗情况分为初诊组(n=66)、复诊组(n=38),并选取同期30名健康体检者纳入对照组。检测三组受试者血清神经丝重链(NfH)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100钙结合蛋白B(S100B)水平,并分析上述神经损伤标志物与受试者多导睡眠图(PSG)参数的相关性。结果:初诊组NfH高于复诊组,NSE高于复诊组合对照组,初诊组、复诊组血清NfH、S100B均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),复诊组与对照组血清NSE水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。初诊组睡眠潜伏期高于复诊组,其睡眠效率低于复诊组、对照组,初诊组、复诊组睡眠潜伏期高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三组受试者总睡眠时间、REM期睡眠时间、REM%、N3期睡眠时间、N3%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。相关性分析显示NfH与睡眠潜伏期呈正相关,NSE与睡眠效率呈负正相关(P<0.05)。结论:失眠患者血清NfH、NSE、S100B均显著升高,经治疗后,患者血清NfH、NSE明显降低且PSG参数有所改善,神经损伤标志物与患者病情变化具有密切关联。

[关键词] 失眠;神经丝重链;神经元特异性烯醇化酶;S100钙结合蛋白B

中图分类号:R741.04 文献标识码:A 文章编号:2095-5200(2017)05-001-03

DOI:10.11876/mimt201705001

Study on the level of nerve injury markers in patients with insomnia WANG Anna, TU Jiexia, WANG Hongzhou. (Department of Neurology,Sichuan Mianyang 404 Hospital, Mianyang 621000, china)

[Abstract] Objective: The objective of this study was to detect the changes of markers of nerve injury in patients with insomnia, and to provide new ideas for exploring the pathogenesis of insomnia. Methods: A total sample of 104 insomniacs were divided into first visit group (n=66) and return visit group (n=38) based on their treatments, and 30 healthy individuals were selected as the control group. The levels of serum neurofilament heavy-chain (NfH), neuron specific enolase (NSE) and S100 calcium binding protein B (S100B) by three groups of subjects were detected. The correlation between the above markers of nerve injury and the parameters of subjects polysomnography (PSG) was analyzed. Results: NfH of first visit group was higher than that of return visit group, NSE of first visit group was higher than that of return visit group and that of control group, NfH and S100B of first visit group and return visit group were both higher than those of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); there was no statistically significant difference in serum NSE levels between return visit group and control group (P>0.05). The sleep latency of first visit group was higher than that of return visit group, the sleep efficiency of first visit group was lower than that of return visit group and control group, the sleep latency of first visit group and return visit group were both higher than that of control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05); the total sleep time, REM sleep time, REM%, N3 sleep time and N3% in the three groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). Correlation analysis showed that NfH was positively correlated with sleep latency, and NSE was negatively correlated with sleep efficiency (P<0.05). Conclusions: The serum levels of NfH, NSE and S100B were significantly increased in the patients with insomnia. After treatment, the serum NfH and NSE levels were significantly decreased, and the PSG parameters were improved. The markers of nerve injury were closely related to the changes in the patients conditions.endprint

[Key words] insomnia; neurofilament heavy-chain; neuron specific enolase; S100 calcium binding protein B

失眠可以是原发病亦可以是其他疾病的继发症状[1]。失眠患者不仅可出现植物神经紊乱、思维能力下降及负面情绪,还可发生定向障碍、共济失调、幻觉、妄想等严重精神障碍,生活质量受到影响[2]。既往研究认为,免疫机能及炎症反应变化在失眠的发生发展中扮演了重要角色,而最新研究发现,神经损伤标志物与情绪状态、精神障碍具有密切关联[3]。此次研究选取神经丝重链(NfH)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)、S100钙结合蛋白B(S100B),分析其水平变化与失眠的关系,旨在为失眠发生机制的探索提供新的思路。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

2015年1月至2017年1月参照新版国际睡眠障碍分类(ICSD-3)明确诊断[4]的104例失眠患者签署知情同意书后入组。年龄18~65岁且病程≥6个月,排除入组前2个月内有镇静、安眠药物使用史者,按照其治疗情况分为初诊组(n=66)、复诊组(n=38)。初诊组:自确诊至入组均未接受相关治疗;复诊组:确诊后接受认知行为和(或)抗抑郁治疗,治疗时间≥6个月。选取同期30名既往无失眠病史及失眠家族史的健康体检者,纳入对照组。

1.2 检测方法

抽取三组受试者入组次日清晨空腹坐位肘静脉血

5 mL,立即离心分离血清以避免神经损伤标志物失活,将血清标本保存于-80℃冰箱内,严禁反复冻融。使用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)检测血清标本内NfH、NSE、S100B水平[5],试剂盒均购自武汉博士德生物科技有限公司。

1.3 分析方法

使用多导睡眠图(PSG)[6]评价三组受试者客观睡眠质量,PSG通过监测睡眠进程、非快速眼动睡眠(NREM)结构、快速眼动睡眠期(REM)结构,客观判断患者睡眠状况[7],主要监测睡眠潜伏期、睡眠效率等睡眠进程;NREM1、2、3期(N1、N2、N3)的潜伏期及持续时间以及各期睡眠时间占总睡眠时间百分比(N1%、N2%、N3%);REM持续时间以及REM占总睡眠时间百分比(REM%)。比较三组受试者血清NfH、NSE、S100B水平,并运用Pearson相关性分析,计算血清神经损伤标志物水平与患者主客观睡眠状况指标的相关性。

1.4 统计学分析

对本临床研究的所有数据采用SPSS20.0进行分析,性别、文化程度以(n/%)表示,并采用χ2检验,年龄、BMI、PSQI评分、PSG参数等计量资料以(x±s)表示,并采用t检验或F检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 一般临床资料比较

三组受试者年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、性别、文化程度等一般临床资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

2.2 神经损伤标志物水平

初诊组NfH高于复诊组,NSE高于其余2组,初诊组、复诊组NfH、S100B均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),复诊组与对照组血清NSE水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。

2.3 客观睡眠质量

初诊组睡眠潜伏期高于复诊组,其睡眠效率低于复诊组、对照组。初诊组、复诊组睡眠潜伏期高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),三组受试者总睡眠时间、REM期睡眠时间、REM%、N3期睡眠时间、N3%比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。

2.4 相关性分析

Pearson相关性分析见表3,NfH与睡眠潜伏期呈正相关,NSE与睡眠效率呈负正相关(P<0.05)。

3 討论

大量研究认为,睡眠对于保护正常神经功能具有重要意义,一方面,良好的睡眠能够促进体内多种有毒代谢产物的清除,另一方面,失眠可造成活性氧产物增加,进而引发神经元损伤甚至凋亡[8-9]。因此,有学者认为,失眠患者精神障碍等严重并发症的发生与中枢神经细胞损伤有关[10]。

此次研究选取NfH、NSE、S100B三种神经损伤标志物进行对照分析,结果显示,初诊失眠患者血清NfH、NSE、S100B水平均高于对照组,说明失眠患者神经元及轴突存在明显损伤,经药物与认知治疗后,患者血清NfH、NSE水平有所下降,说明上述治疗方案在修复神经元与轴突损伤方面具有一定作用,但患者S100B未见明显变化,考虑与患者病程较长且胶质细胞损伤明显,短暂的治疗难以完全修复神经胶质细胞功能有关[11-12]。

在睡眠状况的观察中,可以发现,失眠患者PSG参数以睡眠连续性中断为主,并伴有慢波睡眠及REM睡眠时间减少改变,睡眠进程的改变,使得患者睡眠时间减少且睡眠质量下降,生活质量受到严重影响[13]。因此,探讨失眠患者神经损伤标志物变化与睡眠状况的相关性,对于指导临床干预治疗有着参考价值。

本研究相关性分析结果示,NfH与失眠患者睡眠潜伏期具有正相关性,即随着患者血清NfH水平的上升,其睡眠潜伏期呈增加态势,其机制可能为:作为髓鞘轴突中最重要的骨架成分,NfH主要存在于神经元中,而中枢轴索损伤、神经元结构和功能严重破坏等病理生理改变均可导致NfH大量逸出并表现为血清水平升高,故这一变化可反映神经末梢微结构损害,也是影响睡眠状况的重要因子[14-15]。

NSE是参与糖酵解的重要酶,特异性存在于大脑神经元和神经内分泌细胞内,神经元损伤或坏死时,NSE可进入脑脊液及血液,并表现为血清浓度上升[16]。此次研究发现,随着患者血清NSE水平的上升,其睡眠效率显著下降,说明NSE与失眠患者神经损伤程度有着密切关联。S100B是神经星形胶质细胞以自分泌和旁分泌形式分泌的一种钙结合蛋白,对于中枢系统的作用存在两面性,一方面可作为神经营养因子和神经活性蛋白在大脑的急慢性损伤中发挥保护作用,另一方面,过量S100B表达可加剧中枢神经系统功能障碍与炎症反应[17]。此次研究并未发现S100B与失眠患者睡眠状况的相关性,故未能证实S100B在失眠进程中主要发挥保护作用还是负面作用,但初诊组、复诊组血清S100B水平均高于对照组,说明S100B可能通过激活大脑小胶质细胞促使脑损伤及神经障碍性疾病的发展[18],但其确切机制仍待进一步探索。endprint

综上所述,失眠患者血清NfH、NSE、S100B水平均明显升高,经短期治疗后,患者血清NfH、NSE水平有所降低且睡眠潜伏期、睡眠效率明显改善,说明神经损伤标志物与患者病情变化具有密切关联。在今后的科研工作中,寻求神经损伤标志物的靶向调节药物,有望为失眠患者预后质量的改善提供新的思路,值得进一步关注。

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