THE SMART WAY OF GROWTH

By+Hu+Angang

One of the most remarkable achievements China has made since the 18th CPC National Congress is in ecological preservation. The goal of pursuing ecological progress has been put into practice ever since it was included in the CPC Constitution fi ve years ago.

Chinas investment in improving the ecological environment has doubled during the past fi ve years and reached an unprecedented amount.

Its green energy sector has seen explosive growth. It has become a large natural gas consumer， with 300 million people， equal to the U.S. population， using this clean energy. In 2012， clean energy， which also includes hydro， wind and solar power， as well as nuclear power， accounted for 14.5 percent of the total energy consumed in the country. The proportion rose to nearly 20 percent in 2016. The ratio in northwest Chinas Qinghai Province even reached 80 percent. Compare this to California in the United States， which aims to have 50 percent of its energy demand fueled by green sources by 2050.

Another highlight of Chinas green development efforts during the past five years is its enhanced actions on addressing climate change. During the APEC Economic LeadersMeeting in 2014， China and the United States issued a joint statement， providing momentum for the climate agreement to be signed in Paris in 2015. China then submitted the Enhanced Actions on Climate Change： Chinas Intended Nationally Determined Contributions to the Secretariat of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2015. While reducing its own carbon dioxide emissions， China has helped other developing countries cope with climate change. Although the United States has tentatively withdrawn from the Paris Agreement， China is actively engaged in the fight against climate change. The negative effect of the U.S. exit can be offset by Chinas efforts to reduce emissions.

China has also dealt with the relationship between economic development and environmental protection. The Yangtze River Economic Belt is an apt example. President Xi Jinping has stressed that restoring the Yangtzes ecology will be an overwhelming task and no large development projects will be allowed along the longest river in China at present and for a long period to come. This represents a fundamental change in Chinas development philosophy. Therefore， green development in China can be called a “green revolution” or an “ecological revolution.”endprint

In addition， China has its own way to implement the philosophy. Its 11th Five-Year Plan（2006-10） set out the goal of “building a resource-conservative and environment-friendly society.” Following that， “green development”was included in the 12th Five-Year Plan （2011-15）. Ecological investment during the period doubled compared to the previous five years and all the ecological environment-related targets in the 12th Five-Year Plan have been fulfi lled. More progress will continue during the 13th Five-Year Plan （2016-20） period.

Local government offi cials have also shifted from the pursuit of “regional GDP growth” to“ green hills and clear waters.” In addition to the mandatory targets introduced to intensify the governments responsibilities in environmental protection since the 11th Five-Year Plan period， an environment inspection initiative has been launched. The trend of environmental deterioration has been curbed.

Environmental protection is not a campaign， but a long-term endeavor. The next focus is on building a “beautiful China，” which has both environmental and cultural signifi cance.

Despite these achievements， challenges still lie ahead. The contrast between Chinas large population and limited resources remains our weakest strength. However， as a developing country， China needs to become modernized and more prosperous to ensure the creation of a “beautiful China.” Meanwhile， there are major green development projects to be completed. China also needs to fi gure out how to complete the system for ecological investment， so as to encourage innovation.

As Xi said， a good environment is the best public good for all. Green innovation is a huge business opportunity and will bring benefi ts to the people. For example， the Elion Resources Group employs locals to fi ght desertifi cation in the Hobq Desert in north Chinas Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Elion gains profits from the project， the environment has improved substantially， and local farmers incomes have increased. Moreover， a medicinal plant has been found in the desert， which has become a new source of income for local farmers.

Innovative concept

Xi has proposed the concept of innovative， coordinated， green， open and shared development. With the development of Chinese people at its core， it is problem-oriented.

Green development， for example， is to bridge the large gap between man and nature， which is the biggest challenge China is facing. In order to create a “beautiful China，” the 13th Five-Year Plan set the task of improving the overall environment， which covers the quality of air， soil， water， and more. All the targets in the plan must be fulfilled.endprint

The new development concept is in fact an innovative theory， renewing peoples knowledge about development economics. It will bring great changes to China， as innovative ideas always bring explosive changes to the world.

Global recognition

Chinas solutions to global growth were included in the agenda of the 2014 APEC Economic Leaders Week in Beijing. The theme of last years G20 Summit in Hangzhou—Toward an Innovative， Invigorated， Interconnected and Inclusive World Economy—also echoed our concept of innovative， coordinated， green， open and shared development.

Another example is the “1+6” Roundtable meeting hosted by Chinese Premier Li Keqiang， which has included Chinas supply-side structural reform in the global governance framework for the first time.

Attended by the heads of six international groups—World Bank Group （WBG）， International Monetary Fund （IMF）， World Trade Organization， International Labor Organization（ILO）， Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development， and Financial Stability Board， the meeting has been held twice in Beijing on July 22， 2016 and September 12， 2017.

The world is standing at a crossroads. Its been almost 10 years since the global financial crisis broke out in 2008， but the world has yet to rid itself of the ensuing recession. Although the United States hasnt been ready to put forward a global leadership plan， China has proposed solutions to meet the worlds urgent demands， such as the consensuses reached at the second “1+6” meeting.

Chinas development is beneficial to the world and vice versa. The meeting is in fact designed to cope with common challenges around world， reverse the anti-globalization trend and promote “an open， invigorated and inclusive world economy.”

Poverty and unemployment have been the two poignant problems in the world. The international community has made efforts in reducing poverty. However， unemployment remains a tough issue for most of the countries， be they developed or developing. Thats why the “1+6” meeting invited the ILO director general.

China outperforms many other countries in terms of employment facilitation. The 13th FiveYear Plan has set the goal of creating 10 million jobs each year， 1 million higher than that of the 12th Five-Year Plan period. In fact， China has created more than 13 million jobs each year since 2013.

Usually， the unemployment rate is an index of reference. China has adopted the employment target as its core index ever since its 10th Five-Year Plan （2001-05）. While China is trying to keep the unemployment rate low， it mainly aims at creating jobs.endprint

In terms of inclusive growth in employment， China has also done a good job. Indias population is almost the same as Chinas. World Bank data show that India had a labor force of 511 million in 2016， much less than Chinas 802 million. The large discrepancy lies in the number of female laborers. The number of jobs that China has created for women is the highest in the world. Thats a manifestation of inclusive growth.

A reform promoter

According to World Bank data， Chinas economy， when measured by purchasing power parity （PPP）， surpassed that of the United States to become the worlds largest in 2013. Its ex- pected to make up one fifth， the largest share， of the world economy by 2020. Therefore， its inevitable that China comes to the center of the world stage.

In terms of comprehensive national strength， some indicators show that China has already outpaced the United States level since 2010. Take technological resources， the determining factor for future competition， as an example. In 2000， the United States technological resources were 6.46 times those of China. In 2015， however， China overtook the United States. This is a result of increases in research and development input and in the number of awarded patents and published scientific papers， all of which are almost at the same levels as in the United States.

These are among the important changes that have happened after the 18th CPC National Congress.

But China does not seek to overturn the current global economic governance framework and build a new one， but to promote the reform and development of existing international organizations.

As the “1+6” Roundtable consensus on global economic governance reads， “We reiterate our commitment to a strong， quotabased， and adequately resourced IMF to preserve its role at the center of the Global Financial Safety Net. We reiterate our commitment to a strong， adequately resourced WBG to pursue its mission of eliminating extreme poverty and boosting shared prosperity in partnership with others.”endprint