俄印合作七十年

译者按：2017年是俄印建交70周年。俄罗斯总统普京在2017年5月30日在《印度时报》（The Times of India）发表署名文章《俄印合作七十年》，全面而简明地回顾了俄印关系七十年的发展历程并展望了俄印关系的未来前景。阅读普京的文章，对人们了解俄印关系是大有助益的。

Russia and India：70 years together

【中图分类号】 D82 【文献标识码】 A【文章编号】 2236-1879 （2017）20-0020-02

俄印合作七十年

This year，we are celebrating the anniversary of a truly historic event.Seventy years ago–on April 13，1947–the governments of the USSR and India announced their decision to establish official missions in Delhi and Moscow.This step on our part logically followed up on our course for assisting India on its way to national liberation and contributed to strengthening its independence.

今年，我們正在庆祝一个真正的历史性事件的周年纪念。七十年前，一九四七年四月十三日，苏联和印度政府宣布决定在德里和莫斯科设立官方使团。我们在这方面的这一步骤，逻辑上符合我们在帮助印度走向民族解放的进程并加强其独立。

In the decades that have followed，our bilateral partnership has further intensified and strengthened，and has never been subject to expediency.Equal and mutually beneficial relations of the two States have steadily developed.This is quite natural.Our peoples have always had mutual sympathy and respect for each other's spiritual values and culture.

在接下来的几十年中，我们的双边伙伴关系进一步加强和加强，从来不是权宜之计。两国平等互利的关系稳步发展。这很自然。我们的人民一直相互同情和尊重对方的精神价值和文化。

Today，we can take pride in what we have achieved.With Russia's technical and financial assistance，the pioneers of Indian industrialization came into existence：metallurgical complexes in Bhilai，Visakhapatnam and Bokaro，the mining equipment plant in Durgapur，the thermal power station in Neyveli，the electromechanical enterprise in Korba，antibiotics plants in Rishikesh and the pharmaceutical plant in Hyderabad.

今天，我们可以为我们所取得的成就感到自豪。在俄罗斯的技术和财政援助下，印度工业化的先驱者诞生了：比莱，维沙卡帕特南和博卡罗的冶金工厂，杜加普尔的采矿设备工厂，内韦利的热电站，科尔巴的机电企业，瑞诗凯诗的抗生素工厂，海得拉巴的制药厂。

Soviet and，later on，Russian scientists and academics participated in the establishment of research and education centers in India.These include the Indian Institute of Technology in Bombay，research institutes of petroleum industry in Dehradun and Ahmedabad.

苏联以及后来的俄罗斯科学家和学者参加了在印度建立研究和教育中心。其中包括印度孟买技术研究所，德拉敦和艾哈迈达巴德石油工业研究机构。

We are proud our specialists helped develop India's space program.Thanks to this fruitful bilateral cooperation，in 1975 India's first satellite，Aryabhata，was launched，and Indian citizen Rakesh Sharma travelled into space in 1984 as a crew member of Soyuz T-11.

我们很自豪，我们的专家帮助发展了印度的太空计划。由于这次富有成果的双边合作，1975年，印度发射了第一颗卫星阿耶波多（Aryabhata），印度公民拉克什·夏尔马（Rakesh Sharma）于1984年作为联盟T-11的乘员进入太空。

In August 1971，our countries signed the Treaty of Peace，Friendship and Cooperation，which set forth the fundamental principles of bilateral relations，such as respect for the sovereignty and each other's interests，good--neighborliness，and peaceful coexistence.In 1993，the Russian Federation and the Republic of India confirmed the inviolability of these basic principles in the new Treaty of Peace，Friendship and Cooperation.The Declaration on Strategic Partnership signed in 2000 provides for close coordination of approaches to ensuring international peace and security and resolving pressing global and regional issues.Annual summits have become an established practice in the Indian-Russian bilateral relations allowing us to discuss in a timely manner the efforts taken to accomplish our objectives and set long-term goals.In early June，we will have another summit with Prime Minister Narendra Modi in St.Petersburg.He is expected to attend the St.Petersburg International Economic Forum，in which India will for the first time participate as a partner country.

1971年8月，我们两国签署了《和平友好合作条约》，确立了尊重主权和各自利益，睦邻友好，和平共处等基本原则。1993年，俄罗斯联邦和印度共和国在新的和平、友好与合作条约中确认了这些基本原则的不可侵犯性。2000年签署的《战略伙伴关系宣言》就确保国际和平与安全以及解决紧迫的全球和地区问题的方式进行了密切的协调。年度首脑会议已经成为印俄双边关系的惯例，使我们能够及时讨论为实现我们的目标和确定长期目标所作的努力。六月初，我们将在圣彼得堡与总理纳伦德拉·莫迪再次举行首脑会议。他预计将出席圣彼得堡国际经济论坛，印度将首次作为伙伴国参加。

The legal framework comprising more than 250 documents is being updated on a regular basis.Effective work is carried out within intergovernmental commissions on cooperation in trade and economy，science and technology，as well as culture and military-technical field.Ministries of foreign affairs，security council offices and line ministries maintain continuous dialogue.The interparliamentary and interregional ties，as well as business and humanitarian contacts are actively developing.Military cooperation is also being enhanced：joint land and naval exercises are conducted regularly.

包括超過250份文件的法律框架正在定期更新。政府间经贸，科技，文化，军事技术合作委员会开展有效的工作。外交部，安理会办公室和部委保持对话。议会间和地区间的联系以及商界和人道主义联系正在积极发展。军事合作也在加强：陆地和海军联合演习定期进行。

Cooperation in peaceful uses of atomic energy is one of the fundamental components of the relationship between India and Russia.The construction of the Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant with our assistance is a flagship project in this field.In 2013，the first nuclear power unit was put into operation.In October 2016，the second unit was transferred to the Indian side，and construction of the third and fourth power units began.All of this contributes to the implementation of the plans to develop nuclear energy in India involving the construction of at least 12 power units in its territory by 2020.These goals are stipulated in a joint document–the Strategic Vision for Strengthening India-Russia Cooperation in Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy.We intend to further share best practices in this important industry with India and contribute to enhancing its energy security.

和平利用原子能的合作是印度和俄罗斯关系的基本组成部分之一。在我们的协助下建设库丹库拉姆核电站是这一领域的一个旗舰项目。2013年，第一座核电机组投入运行。2016年10月，第二台机组被转移到印度方面，第三和第四个发电机组开始建设。所有这些都有助于实施印度发展核能的计划，到2020年在其领土上建设至少12台发电机组。这些目标体现在共同文件——《加强印度-俄罗斯和平利用原子能合作战略构想》中。我们打算进一步与印度分享这个重要行业的最佳做法，并为加强其能源安全做出贡献。

Collaboration in the traditional energy sector is successfully developing.The purchase of a block of shares in the Russian company“Vankorneft”made by the Indian consortium of companies has become the biggest bilateral deal in the oil industry.The possibilities for the participation of Indian companies in joint hydrocarbons exploration and production projects in the Russian Arctic shelf are currently under consideration.There are also good prospects for cooperation in the solar energy filed，modernization of the existing power plants and construction of new ones in the territory of India.

傳统能源领域的合作正在成功开展。印度财团在俄罗斯公司万科尔石油（Vankorneft）购买一批股票已成为石油行业最大的双边交易。目前正在考虑印度公司参与俄罗斯北极大陆架联合油气勘探和生产项目的可能性。太阳能领域的合作前景广阔，印度现有电厂现代化和新电厂建设前景广阔。

Large-scale projects are carried out in mechanical engineering，chemical and mining industries，aircraft construction，pharmaceutics and medicine.

机械工程、化工、采矿、飞机制造、药物学和医学等大型项目已经实行。

One of the priorities is to boost the trade turnover and improve its structure，as well as stimulate economic activity of our business communities.I am referring to enhancing industrial cooperation and increasing supplies of high-tech products，creating a better business and investment environment，and using systems of payments in national currencies.

其中一个重点是提高贸易额和改善结构，同时刺激商业社区的经济活动。我指的是加强工业合作，增加高科技产品供应，创造更好的商业和投资环境，以及使用本国货币的支付体系。

The decision to start negotiations on a free trade area agreement between the Eurasian Economic Union and India adopted in December 2016 is of particular importance.The possibilities of creating the International North？South Transport Corridor are being explored.All these factors should promote the development of our bilateral and regional cooperation.

2016年12月通过的欧亚经济联盟与印度自由贸易区协定谈判的决定具有特别重要的意义。正在探索创建国际南北运输走廊的可能性。所有这些因素都应该促进我们双边和地区合作的发展。

To encourage reciprocal capital inflow，a working group on priority investment projects was established under the Inter-Governmental Commission on Trade，Economic，Scientific，Technological and Cultural Cooperation.19 most promising projects have already been selected.Russia is committed to long-term participation in the“Make in India”program initiated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

为鼓励相互资本流入，在政府间贸易，经济，科技和文化合作委员会下设立了重点投资项目工作组。已经选出了19个最有希望的项目。俄罗斯承诺长期参与由总理纳伦德拉·莫迪发起的“印度制造”计划。

Our countries cooperate intensively in the production of multipurpose weapons and military equipment.Co-production of a unique supersonic cruise missile“BrahMos”is our special pride.Since 1960，the overall value of contracts within the framework of military and technical cooperation has amounted to over USD 65 billion，while the portfolio of orders in 2012–2016 exceeded USD 46 billion.

我们两国密切合作，生产多用途武器和军事装备。共同制造独特的超音速巡航导弹布哈莫斯（BrahMos）是我们特别的骄傲。自1960年以来，军事技术合作框架内的合同总价值达650多亿美元，2012-2016年的订单总额超过460亿美元。

India and Russia are equal partners in international affairs.Our countries support the establishment of a multipolar democratic system of international relations based on strict compliance with the principles of law and resting upon the UN central role.We are willing to further jointly counter challenges and threats of the 21st century，promote the unifying agenda and contribute to maintaining global and regional security.

印度和俄罗斯在国际事务中是平等的伙伴。我们两国支持在严格遵守法律原则和依靠联合国核心作用的基础上建立多极民主国际关系体系。我们愿进一步共同应对21世纪的挑战和威胁，推动统一日程，为维护全球和地区安全作出贡献。

We effectively interact within BRICS–an association that thanks to our collective efforts is increasing its weight and influence.This June，India will become a full member of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization.It will considerably enhance the potential of the SCO.India and Russia also work together within the G20 and other international formats.

我们在金砖五国内部进行了有效的互动——由于我们的共同努力，该组织正在增加其分量和影响力。今年6月，印度将成为上海合作组织的正式成员。这将大大提高上合组织的潜力。印度和俄罗斯也在20国集团（G20）和其他国际模式下合作。

I would also like to note that our countries closely coordinate positions on such complex issues as settling the situation in Syria and ensuring stability in the Middle East and North Africa region.They significantly contribute to the national reconciliation process in Afghanistan.

我還想指出，我们的国家在解决叙利亚局势和确保中东和北非地区稳定等复杂问题上密切协调立场。双方为阿富汗的民族和解进程做出了重大贡献。

I am convinced that the enormous potential of cooperation between the two great powers will be further explored for the benefit of the peoples of India and Russia and the international community in general.We have everything necessary to achieve this–political will of the sides，economic viability and shared global priorities.All this is based on the glorious history of the Indian？Russian friendship.

我深信，为了印度和俄罗斯人民和整个国际社会的利益，将进一步探讨两大国合作的巨大潜力。我们拥有实现这一目标的一切必要条件——双方的政治意愿，经济活力和共同的全球优先事项。这一切都是基于印俄友好的辉煌历史。

Taking this opportunity，I would like to convey the kindest regards to all the citizens of friendly India.

借此机会，我向友好的印度的全体公民表达最诚挚的问候。

http：//en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/articles/54633

作者简介：蒋华志，1963年9月，男，汉族，四川苍溪人。历史学硕士、乐山师范学院马克思主义学院副教授。研究方向：中国近现代史、国际关系史、英语教学方法。