判断谓语动词时态的五条依据

袁潇霞

谓语动词的时态是语法填空和短语改错的必考点，也是考生学习的重点和难点。时态之所以重要，是因为有句子的地方就有谓语动词，凡谓语动词必涉及时态，即每句必有时态，正所谓“与‘时‘句进”。时态本身是千变万化的，可谓一“时”激起千层浪。因此，在平时阅读时要特别留意理解。本文给考生介绍五种判断用哪种时态的方法。

一、根据时间状语

常與一般现在时连用的有always， usually， often， sometimes， every day， once a week等；常与一般过去时连用的有last month， a few days ago， last week，yesterday， just now， the other day， in 1978， then等；常与一般将来时连用的有tomorrow， next week， in a few days， in the future， soon等；常与现在完成时连用的有up to now， until now， in the past / last few years， so far， for three years， since 1980等。请做以下改错题：

1. Last month， Emma Stone is announced as the 2017 Oscar Winner for Actress at the 89th Academy Awards.

[解析]由时间状语Last month可知用一般过去时，故将is改为was。

2. Today it was much easier to be healthy than it was in the past.

[解析]由时间状语Today可知用一般现在时，故改much 前的was为is。

3. Im very pleased to say that all of us improved our spoken English so far.

[解析]由时间状语so far（到目前为止）可知宾语从句应该用现在完成时，故在improved前加一个have。

4. This big event would be held in the school auditorium next week.

[解析]由时间状语next week可知该用一般将来时，故把would改为will。

二、根据时态呼应

如出现状语从句、宾语从句、虚拟语气等，要特别注意主从句时态的呼应。在以when， till/ until， as soon as， by the time， after， before等引导的时间状语从句，在以if， unless， once等引导的条件状语从句和以no matter， however， even if 等词引导的让步状语从句中，如果主句中的动词用一般将来时，从句中的谓语动词通常用一般现在时或现在完成时代替一般将来时或将来完成时。请做以下改错题：

1. I will call you as soon as they will arrive.

[解析]主句是一般将来时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句应用一般现在时，故把第二个will去掉。

2. If I have taken your advice， I would have passed the driving test.

[解析]If 从句是表示与过去事实相反的假设，应当用过去完成时，故把have改为had。

3. What a pity！ The film started by the time we got to the cinema.

[解析]根据题意可知电影的开始是在我到达电影院之前就开始了，即过去的过去，start应用过去完成时，故在started前加had。

4. Last month， I thought that it will be hard to spend a whole week staying away from school and home.

[解析]由时间状语last month和主句谓语动词thought可知that引导的宾语从句应该用过去时，所以把will改为would。

注意：从句里讲述的是不受时间限制的事实或普遍真理时用一般现在时。如：

I learned that the earth went around the sun when I was a little boy.

[解析]因地球绕着太阳跑是客观事实，所以用一般现在时，故went改为goes。

三、根据并列一致

并列连词and， or， but， so， not...but， not only...but also等是改错题中很重要的标志词，这些词前后的时态应该是一致的。请做以下改错题：

1. We can lie on the grass for a rest， or sat by the lake listening to music.

[解析]因为or前后的时态应该是一致的，or前面谓语动词lie用的是原形（因前有can），故与之并列的sat应改为sit。

2. At present， not only do they affect their own study， but also they did harm to others.

[解析]not only...but also引导的并列句前后的时态要一致，由At present（目前，现在）可知，都应用一般现在时，故把did改为do。endprint

3. I was a school student then from a low-income family， so I have to work to support my family.

[解析]so前后两句的时态应该保持一致，由then可知用一般過去时，故把have改为had。

4. Last year there was a piano competition for teenagers in my city and I take part in it.

[解析]and的前后句的时态应该保持一致，由last year可知，把take改为took。

四、根据固定句式

涉及时态的几个常见句型：

（1）Its（high / about）time（that）sb. did sth./should do sth 到了该做某事的时候了。（注意should不可省略）

（2）It / This is / was the first / second ... time that sb. have /has / had done sth这是某人第几次做某事。

（3）It is / has been + some time + since sb. did sth 自从 / 某人做了某事以来，已有多久了。

（4）It will be / was + some time + before sb. do / does /did... 过多久某人才做某事。

（5）It was not long before sb. did sth. 不久以后，某人就做某事了。

（6）Hardly had ... done sth when ... /No sooner had ... done sth than ... 一做某事就……

（7）was / were doing sth when ... did sth正在做某事时，突然又发生另一事。

请做以下改错题：

1. Its high time that we settle down and started a new life.

[解析]在表示“到了该做某事的时候了”这一句型中，that从句谓语动词用一般过去时或should加动词原形，又由and后的started可知，应把settle改为settled。

2. It is the third time that he made the same mistake.

[解析]在表示“某人第几次做某事”这一固定句型中，that从句的谓语动词应用完成时，故在made前加has。

3. It had been 4 years since we met last time.

[解析]根据It is / has been + some time + since sb. did sth句型可知，应把had改为has。指自上次见面以来到现在已经有四年了。

4. It would be 4 years before we meet again.

[解析]表示“过四年后我们才能见面”，应是一般将来时，把would改为will。

五、根据语境判断

从语篇和上下文整体把握时态。主要是看是否与上下文的时态一致，这是短文改错和语法填空考查的重点。请做以下语法填空题：

The TV series Life After Life， Blooms Over Blooms（三生三世，十里桃花）1._________ （become）a hit since it was shown on TV. Yang Mi not only won great fame but also 2. _________ （get）an extraordinary wealth.

It is reported that Liu Yifei co-stars Yang Yang in the film version， which 3.___________（release）in the summer holiday this year.

[答案]1.has become 2.got 3.will be released

责任编辑 蒋小青endprint