中西医结合治疗冠心病急性心肌梗死患者的临床疗效及安全性
2017-09-07单霞苟彩霞胡克峰
单霞++苟彩霞++胡克峰
DOI:10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2017.16.001
[摘要] 目的 對比研究中西医结合治疗冠心病急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床疗效及安全性。方法 方便选取青岛市城阳区第二人民医院神经内科2015年10月—2016年10月收治92例冠心病AMI患者,根据随机数字表法均分为两组,对照组46例给予西药常规治疗,观察组46例加以自拟中药汤剂治疗,对比两组治疗后的临床疗效,记录患者治疗前后的DBP、SBP、LVEF、HR、WBC、CRP,并统计不良反应发生情况。结果 观察组治疗总有效率为95.65%,较对照组的80.43%显著提高(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的DBP、SBP、HR分别为(78.55±9.32)mmHg、(129.16±8.19)mmHg、(74.15±8.76)次/min,与对照组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);观察组治疗后的LVEF为(0.68±0.03)%,显著高于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗后的WBC、CRP水平分别为(6.15±1.32)×109/L、(8.516±1.19)mg/L,均较对照组显著降低(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率为8.70%,与对照组的13.04%比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 中西医结合治疗冠心病AMI疗效确切,较常规西药而言,可显著提高临床疗效,用药安全。
[关键词] 急性心肌梗死;冠心病;中西医结合;安全性
[中图分类号] R5 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2017)06(a)-0001-03
Clinical Curative Effect and Safety of Combined Treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine of Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
SHAN Xia1, GOU Cai-xia1, HU Ke-feng2
1.Department of Neurology, Chengyang District Second Peoples Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266112 China;2.Department of Orthopedics, Chengyang District Third Peoples Hospital, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266112 China
[Abstract] Objective To compare and research the clinical curative effect and safety of combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods 92 cases of AMI patients in our hospital from October 2015 to October 2016 were selected and randomly divided into two groups with 46 cases in each, the control group adopted the routine western medicine, while the observation group added the self-made TCM decoction, and the clinical curative effect was compared between the two groups, and the DBP, SBP, LVEF,HR, WBC,CRP before and after treatment were recorded and the occurrence of adverse reactions was counted. Results The total treatment effective rate in the observation group was obviously increased compared with that in the control group, (95.65% vs 80.43%)(P<0.05), and the DBP,SBP,HR in the observation group after treatment were respectively (78.55±9.32)mmHg,(129.16±8.19)mmHg,(74.15±8.76)times/min, and there were no obvious differences between the two groups(P>0.05), after treatment, the LVEF in the observation group was(0.68±0.03)%, which was obviously higher than that in the control group(P<0.05), after treatment, the WBC,CRP levels in the observation group were respectively(6.15±1.32)×109/L,(8.516±1.19)mg/L, which were obviously reduced compared with those in the control group(P<0.05), and the difference in the incidence rate of adverse reactions between the observation group and the control group was not obvious(8.70% vs 13.04%)(P>0.05). Conclusion The curative effect of combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine of patients with acute myocardial infarction is definite, which can obviously improve the clinical curative effect compared with the routine western medicine, and the medication is safe.
[Key words] Acute myocardial infarction; Coronary heart disease; Combined treatment of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine; Safety
冠心病为一种严重威胁患者生命的心血管疾病,在老年群体中的发病率较高,且随着我国老龄化进程的加快,其发病率也有呈上升趋势。急性心肌梗死(AMI)为冠状动脉病变基础上造成的冠状动脉急剧减弱[1]。西药常规治疗效果不太理想,且长期服用西药会增加不良反应发生率。研究指出,给予冠心病AMI患者中西医结合治疗,可显著提高临床疗效[2]。该研究纳入该院2015年10月—2016年10月收治的92例冠心病AMI患者作为研究对象,给予自拟中药汤剂联合西药治疗,观察其临床疗效和安全性,为临床冠心病AMI的治疗提供参考,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取的92例冠心病AMI患者入院时均明确确诊,符合《美国心脏学会、美国心脏病学会2002年关于非ST段抬高心肌梗死与不稳定心绞痛治疗指南》[3]中的诊断标准,中医诊断符合《中医病证诊断疗效标准》[4]中的相关诊断标准。患者均知情同意,排除合并有精神障碍患者,有对该研究药物过敏史患者。按照随机数字表法分为两组:观察组46例,其中男30例,女16例,年龄46~78岁,平均(58.26±3.83)岁;既往史:22例吸烟史,17例高血压病史,16例糖尿病史。对照组46例,其中男28例,女18例,年龄45~79岁,平均(58.52±3.93)岁;既往史:21例吸烟史,18例高血压病史,15例糖尿病史。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。该研究经该院伦理文员会批准同意。
1.2 治疗方法
两组入院后均给予常规对症处理,包括持续低流量吸氧3 d,监测血压、心电及指尖脉氧监测,完善血尿常规、心肌酶谱等,药物治疗给予口服阿司匹林肠溶胶囊(国药准字H32026549)300 mg、阿托伐他汀钙片(国药准字J20120050)80 mg及硫酸氢氯吡格雷片(国药准字J20080090)300 mg。根据患者实际情况给予12.5~75.00 mg的美托洛尔,分2次口服。观察组在对照组治疗的基础上加以自拟中药汤剂治疗,药用:三七粉10 g、人参10 g、丹参15 g、红花15 g、川■15 g,黄芪20 g、赤芍20 g,炙甘草9 g,用500 mL水煎至200 mL,1剂/d,早晚各1次。两组患者均治疗1个月,随访3个月。
1.3 观察指标
记录两组治疗后的临床疗效,检测患者治疗前后的舒张压(DBP)、收缩压(SBP)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、心率(HR)、白细胞计数(WBC)、C反应蛋白(CRP),并统计不良反应发生情况。
1.4 疗效评价
显效:经治疗后,患者临床症状基本消失,心电图稳定,或心绞痛频率减少到治疗前的20%;有效:经治疗后患者临床症状较治疗前好转,心电图基本稳定,或心绞痛发作频率较治疗前减少20%~50%;无效:经治疗后临床症状、心电图无改善,心绞痛频率较治疗前减少50%以上[5]。
1.5 统计方法
采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料以均数±标准误差(x±s)描述,比较经t检验;计数资料用[n(%)]描述,经χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 两组临床疗效比较
与对照组比较,观察组临床总有效率显著提高(P<0.05),见表1。
2.2 两组DBP、SBP、LVEF及HR对比
两组治疗前后DBP、SBP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与治疗前比较,两组治疗后的LVEF均显著提高,HR显著降低(P<0.05),且组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
2.3 两组WBC、CRP对比
两组治疗后的WBC和CRP均显著降低(P<0.05),且观察组低于对照组(P<0.05)。见表3。
2.4 两组不良反应发生率比较
观察组发生心律失常、再发心绞痛分别为3例,1例,对照组为4例和2例,观察组不良反应发生率为8.70%,与对照组的13.04%相当(P<0.05)。
3 讨论
冠心病为冠状动脉血管发生动脉粥樣硬化,导致血管堵塞狭窄或阻塞硬气的心肌缺血、缺氧或坏死引起的心脏病[6]。同时,不良饮食、大量吸烟、饮酒等不良生活习惯也是导致冠心病的外在因素。AMI则是在冠心病的基础上,冠状动脉急剧降低,在心机持续急性缺血的状态下,甚至导致局部心肌坏死[7]。
在中医中,将冠心病归属于“真心痛”“胸痹”的范畴,引发冠心病AMI的原因是患者体内阴阳气血亏虚,肺腑功能失调引起,血为气之母,气为血之帅,气虚则血淤,气行则血运,气虚不能推动血运是引发该病的根本,在治疗上应坚持活血化瘀,益气补血[8]。该研究在西医常规治疗基础上加以自拟中药汤剂治疗,方中人参、黄芪补气血,可增强血运之力,川■活血行气、止痛[9],丹参活血化瘀,凉血止痛,三七、红花活血化瘀、通血脉,甘草补气[10]。该研究结果显示,观察组治疗后的总有效率达到了95.65%,较对照组的80.43%显著提高,这与吴钟极等[11]报道的91.30%和73.90%一致。两组治疗后血压无显著变化,观察组治疗后的LVEF、WBC和CRP分别为(0.45±0.06)%、(6.15±1.32)×109/L、(8.516±1.19)mg/L,均优于对照组,这与郭道群等[12]研究报道结果基本一致。观察组不良反应发生率为8.70%,与对照组的13.04%相当,这与吴钟极等[11]报道的9.20%和18.50%一致。