永庆坊：老城改造影响下的新街巷

李中伟 林楠 Lab D+H景观与城市设计事务所

永庆坊：老城改造影响下的新街巷

李中伟 林楠 Lab D+H景观与城市设计事务所

项目说明

如今的城市现代化改造趋于粗暴简单。老居民被赶走，取而代之的是新的居民。永庆坊的改造设计正是在这种背景下催生出来的。伴随着这样快速的城市改造过程，老街巷所遗留下的宝贵遗产和历史风貌将一去不复返。不过，在永庆坊的改造项目中，我们对这个曾经被遗弃的老巷弄进行了重新设计，创造了一个独特的空间，促进新老居民在一个稳定繁荣的社区氛围中交往、互动。他们过着优越的生活并且为现在的公共空间感到自豪。我们在设计中考虑了建筑的公共大台阶、屋顶花园以及其他公共开放区域，促进了各个年龄阶层的共同使用与融洽相处，以一种自然平和的方式化解了这个一度被遗弃的社区中社会阶层与年龄阶层之间的障碍。永庆坊建成后，这里再次成为了广州的文化新地标。如今创客企业、游客以及当地居民和睦相处，这充分表明了该景观设计改造方案取得了成功。永庆坊为旧城改造提供了一个全新的范例，同时也是社会各阶层融洽相处的媒介。

1 平面图Master Plan

2 永庆大街，合适的景观与历史建筑相辅相成Yongqing Street, the landscape design is making dialogue with historical buildings.

3 永庆二巷，新的巷道仍然承载了居民交通的需求Yongqing 2nd Alleyway, the new alleyway still serves as a transportation function.

4 永庆二巷，古老的麻石与废墟中的青砖组合营造了独特的铺装Yongqing 2nd Street, the existing hamp paving works well with the original brick from demolition.

项目简述

挑战与目标

永庆坊改造设计是广州老巷改造过程中最重要的一个项目。永庆坊坐落在广州老城的中心地带。在20世纪50年代的经济衰退之前，它曾经是华南的经济中心。近年来，广州城市化进程加快，许多历史遗迹和主要街道通过重大改造和整修获得新生，然而永庆坊却一直无人问津。2014年，万科集团进驻老镇改造项目，万科的策略是保留原始居民与风貌，保持现有的社会关系。我们要求对三个废弃的老巷进行重新设计，创造一个独特的空间，因此新老居民可以在融洽快乐的氛围中和睦相处。

设计策略

本设计方案致力于满足老城成功改造的关键要素：

·采用总体性景观设计系统整合现存的混乱秩序

·通过景观设计手段努力提高居民生活质量

·为新老社区的居民创造共生的公共空间

·通过环境可持续发展策略尊重当地文化，降低改造过程中产生的不利影响

系统设计

未来的永庆坊，老民居、老商铺、历史建筑、星巴克咖啡店、创业营地和早教中心的建筑各有不同、风格多样，公共空间的设计显得极为重要。如何将这些独特的建筑物连

接起来呢？公共空间的节点如何营造才会成为一个吸引人气又不影响原住民的地标呢？为了解决场地问题，我们将复杂的场地分成了3个系统：流线系统、文化节点系统以及自然节点系统。流线系统通过独特的历史铺装连接不同的建筑物与周边的社区；而文化节点系统则形成人们聚集的所在；空中自然节点系统在屋顶营造了一个绿意盎然的空间。

5 大台阶鸟瞰（夜景）The bird eye of Grand Civic Step (night scene)

6 大台阶鸟瞰The bird eye of Grand Civic Step

7 大台阶夜景The Grand Civic Step night scene

提高居民生活质量

在设计改造之前，老巷曾经遭遇严重涝灾，悬挂在街道上的旧电线和电缆，犹如交织在人们头顶上的蜘蛛网。我们对老巷的排水系统进行了重新设计，设计了一条隐藏在路边的多功能排水沟，从而解决了排水问题，并且在多功能排水沟中铺设了电线管道。在晚上，路边两侧的灯光，点亮了每一个家庭的夜晚生活，营造了温暖和谐的氛围。通过对之前的恶劣生活环境进行改造，提高了此地居民的生活水平和自信心。

创建公共空间

由于政府的拆迁政策，许多生活空间和附属设施，比如电影院和社区空间，已经被夷为平地。为了恢复传统社区的生活，我们在狭窄的小巷中规划了一系列的独立区域。我们采用露天剧场回归传统，放映露天电影。我们铺设了一个花园，创造出一个公共空间。我们将李小龙祖居进行修缮，以带回我们当年的记忆。在屋顶花园，年轻的企业家在此处进行商务会谈，互相交流想法，共同激发他们的想象力。

废物利用

为了更好地展示老巷的丰富历史，我们有效地利用了场地的废料，如瓦片、青砖、麻石以及木材，并将它们变为景观元素，变废为宝。同时，我们利用传统的建筑施工方法传达出一种古老的氛围，让人们在公共空间中感受到场地曾经的过往。

结论

永庆坊的设计是成功的，它让新老居民和睦相处，共同享受生活的愉悦。永庆坊已经成为了一个充满活力的城市中心，在这里，人们举办各种活动，庆祝各种节日，比如圣诞节、中国新年。同时，永庆坊也吸引了的各地游客前来参观游览。永庆坊促使人们进一步认识和了解当地丰富的历史文化和生活方式，从而使这些历史不再被现代城市生活的喧嚣所“吞噬”。

（编辑/刘蓝蓝）

地理位置：广州恩宁路

面积：3 000m2

设计周期：2016.03-2016.12

建设周期：2016.07-2017.01

业主：广州万科房地产公司

景观设计：Lab D+H景观与城市设计事务所

景观主创设计师：李中伟

设计团队：李中伟 钟惠城 林楠 梁宗杰 蓝浩

万科负责团队：程国炎 李婷婷 陈嘉健

摄影：苏哲维（存在建筑摄影）

翻译：李中伟

结合本地区种植制度、气候环境、地理优势和土壤条件，科学选择高产优质的杂交水稻品种，并对杂交水稻品种科学布局。最近几年，宜香3003、宜香4245、宜香305、两优2161、两优6等水稻品种不管是在抗病性能、产量和生育周期方面都显著优于传统栽植的品种。在同一个地区，可以选择1-2个主栽品种，搭配1-2个水稻品种，有效避免水稻不单一化或多乱杂的现象，一般水稻品种为宜香优2115和宜香4245。

8 瓦墙花园The Tile Wall Garden

9 近看大瓦墙落水The close view of Tile Wall

10 美丽的大台阶夜景The nice night view of Grand Civic Step

Project Statement

This design for Yongqing Fang is a reaction to modern day rapid urban transformation which pushes out the old residents and replaces them with a new set of inhabitants. In the process, all of the precious heritage, history and charm of that bygone era is lost forever. Instead of that, we redesigned the abandoned alleyways and created a unique space to encourage new and old residents to linger, mingle and interact in a regular thriving community atmosphere with a superior quality of life and somewhere they can be proud of. Features like the inviting and attractive public steps, roof gardens and other open spaces positively encourage the coming together of all age groups and breaks down social barriers in a very natural and easy manner in the once-abandoned neighborhood. After it was built, Yongqing Fang became a cultural landmark again. The entrepreneur, tourist and existing residents live together in harmony, which is proof of the success of this landscape strategy. Also it provides a totally new example for old city regeneration globally. Landscape doubles as a fusion medium for all levels of society.

Project Narrative

Challenges and Objectives

This design for Yongqing Fang is related to one of the most important renovation projects of Guangzhou old alleyways. Yongqing Fang sits in the heart of old town Guangzhou. It used to be the economic center of southern China until the recession of the 1950s. In recent years, Guangzhou has undergone a major boom in urbanization; many historic sites and the main street have regained a new lease of life through major redevelopment and refurbishment, yet Yongqing Fang was left to decay. In 2014, Vanke Group stepped in and started a transformation process for the old town. Vanke’s strategy is to retain the original residents so that the social ties can be maintained. Our design calls for redesigning the three abandoned alleyways to createa unique space so new and existing residents can linger and mingle in pleasurable coexistence.

11 瓦墙花园大棚架The Wood Canopy of Tile Roof Garden

12 屋顶花园休息区Resting Area of the Roof Garden

Design Strategy

The design approach aimed to satisfy the most critical elements of successful urban renewal:

· using landscape design to unify the sometimes chaotic community

· striving to improve the residents’ quality of life

· creating public spaces for the inhabitants in the traditional neighborhood

A systematic design

The vastly different architectural styles of the buildings on site posed the biggest challenge. To address this, we proposed an overarching structure consisting of three layers to seamlessly connect different elements: Linkage system, Culture system and Eco system. In the Linkage system, a path is planned with a unique pavement formed from ancient paving stones that connects various buildings and surrounding communities; the Culture system consists of several public gathering areas with various themes; the Eco system creates a green space at rooftop level.

Improved quality of life for the residents

Prior to renovation, the site suffered from serious waterlogging. Old wires and cables dangling over the streets were an ugly spiderweb above people’s heads. We regraded the site to solve the drainage problem and carefully concealed the drains under a multifunction curb that also carries the relocated wiring and cabling conduits. At night, the edge of the curb glows, brightening the lives of every family and creating a warm and companionable ambience. By regenerating this previously poor living environment, we raised living standards and self-esteem of the people who live there.

Symbiotic space creation

Many facilities such as cinemas and community spaces had been flattened in line with the government’s demolition policy. To restore the old community back to life, we designed a series of event areas in the narrow alleyways. We bring back the traditional open-air movies with an amphitheater. We provide coming together space with a tiled garden. We bring back the memoryof history to the community with a Bruce Lee memorial garden. At the roof garden, young entrepreneurs find a place to meet and mingle, exchange ideas and fire their imaginations.

13 瓦墙花园夜景The Tile Wall Garden night scene

14 瓦墙落水夜景Tile Wall Waterfall night scene

15 瓦墙花园细节The Tile Wall Garden detail

16 屋顶花园夜景The Roof Garden night scene

17 瓦墙花园细节The Tile Wall Garden detail

18 墙体细节The wall detail

19 木台阶细节The Wood Step detail

Reuse of old material

In order to better demonstrate the rich history of the site, we salvaged the original building materials: tiles, brick, natural stone, and wood, and turned them into landscape elements. At the same time, we used classic construction methods to convey a strong sense of the past so that people appreciate the history of the place while enjoying the landscape.

Conclusion

Yongqing Fang has been very successful as a place where existing and new residents can relax and enjoy recreation both day and night. It has also become a dynamic urban center, with celebrations and many kinds of events, such as Chinese New Year and Christmas, which also attract tourists who add to the enjoyment of the spectacles. These events encourage residents to become more aware of and appreciate the rich history and the lifestyle of the older inhabitants, which are often obscured by the hustle and bustle of urban living.

Location:Guangzhou Enning Road

Area:3 000 m2

Design time:2016.03-2016.12

Construction time:2016.07-2017.01

Client:Guangzhou Vanke

Landscape Design:Lab D+H Landscape and Urban Design

Lead Designer:Zhongwei Li

Design Team:Zhongwei Li, Huicheng Zhong, Nan Lin, Zongjie Liang, Hao Lan

Vanke Team:Guoyan Cheng, Tingting Li, Jiajian Chen

Photo credit:Zhewei Su, ARCHEXIST

Translator:Zhongwei Li

Yongqing Fang: the Civic Alleyways From Urban Transformation

Zhongwei LI, Nan LIN, Lab D+H Landscape and Urban Design