手机的背叛

文/ 帕特·莫里森 译/冯艳艳 审订/仲文明

手机的背叛

文/ 帕特·莫里森 译/冯艳艳 审订/仲文明

There’s a traitor in your pocket. Or your purse.

[2] Your cellphone is ratting you out1rat sb out 出卖某人，打某人的小报告。.

[3] Stores can keep track of2keep track of sth/sb掌握线索，了解动态。who you are and what you buy—unless you pay cash. Now they can also use your cellphone—even without your permission—to find out even what you’re just looking at or trying on3try on 试穿（衣服）。.

[4] Nordstrom， the high-end department store， began using a technology that can use the Wi-Fi signals in shoppers’ smartphones to follow them virtually throughout the store， from display to display， item to item， and check how long they spent looking at what， just as websites can do now.

[5] Nordstrom isn’t the only company trying this out. At least Nordstrom put up a sign to let customers know what it was doing， and not all of them liked it.

[6] But can stores legitimately argue that they don’t have to tell us they’re shoplifting our data， and presuming that we give permission for them to do so just by setting foot in their stores?

[7] We’re fi nding this out not long after learning that clothing retail chains Urban Out fi tters and Anthropologie got dinged for unlawfully collecting customers’ ZIP Codes4ZIP code美国邮政服务（United States Postal Service, USPS）使用的一种邮政编码。ZIP是Zone Improvement Plan (地区改进计划)的简称。—harmless enough， you think，except that added to the other data they gather， it’s like handing out your address and a “sell me stuff!” sign.

[8] That may not be far off， just as we now have to assume everything that happens in public can and may be recorded by a security camera or someone’s cellphone.

[9] Maybe merchants will be kind enough to put up a sign informing us that if we don’t want them to track us，the burden is on us to put our phones in airplane mode or to disconnect the Wi-Fi before we start pushing that shopping cart. Yeah， I’ll be sure to remember that every time I pop into the market.

[10] I do have a phone-sized version of a Faraday cage5法拉第笼，是一个由金属或者良导体形成的笼子，可屏蔽手机信号。， a device named for the 19th century scientist of electromagnetism. It’s a silvery pouch that I can slip my phone into to block the kind of monitoring that Nordstrom did. A phone condom. But every extra obstacle to convenience makes it less likely that people will go to such trouble.

[11] Not a lot of folks are going to mind being monitored by marketers.Not a lot of people are going to bother to protest. Maybe you don’t mind that companies are compiling a dossier on you， a pro fi le of you and your shopping habits. “I’m not doing anything wrong”is the mantra that a lot of Americans offer up to shrug off this kind of tracking， governmental or mercantile.

[12] And who decides what’s wrong?It’s not you; it’s the agency holding the information.

[13] Will some legislature， some court declare that just owning a cellphone constitutes implicit permission for the government to track your call patterns?Or for companies to monitor your mercantile browsing? It could happen.

[14] Is this some deal your cellphone carrier has made or is already making with retailers? Is someone making a lot of money off you， but it isn’t you? It may already be happening.

[15] The 2002 movie Minority Report6《少数派报告》，美国电影，改编自已故著名科幻作家菲利普·K.迪克（Philip K.Dick）的同名小说，主要描述一个能够预测犯罪并在罪犯犯罪以前逮捕他们的未来世界。(based on a prescient story by the gifted Philip K. Dick) is becoming the 19847《1984》，英国左翼作家乔治·奥威尔（George Orwell）于20世纪40年代末所著的反乌托邦小说，刻画了一个公民受到无所不在的监控、令人感到窒息和恐怖的极权主义社会。of high-tech living， right down to its creepily customized advertising.Some people may love it， an electronically generated voice personally welcoming them back asking them how they liked the potato salad they bought last time， especially compared to the dill-flavored version they bought before that， and how about a coupon for your next potato salad purchase?

[16] If you don’t care， just keep doing what you’re doing.

[17] If you do， now’s the time to speak up. Just don’t do it via your cellphone.■

你身边有一个“泄密”的家伙，它就在你的口袋里，或者钱包里。

[2]泄露你个人信息的正是你的手机。

[3]商店可以追踪到你的身份及购买记录，除非你选择现金支付。如今，即使未经本人允许，商家也可以利用你的手机了解到你正在浏览或有意购买的商品。

[4]诺德斯特龙是美国一家高档连锁百货商店，该店早就开始使用一种可以追踪顾客的技术。该技术可以通过顾客智能手机的无线网络信号实时追踪顾客在店内的足迹，知道他们去了哪些货架，浏览了哪些商品，甚至可以知道他们在某件商品前驻足了多久，就像购物网站一样。

[5]使用这种技术的并非只有诺德斯特龙一家。不过诺德斯特龙至少竖了块牌子让顾客知情，毕竟有些顾客未必喜欢如此。

[6]但是，商店在不告知顾客的情况下顺手牵走他们的信息，并以为他们进入商店即默认此事，这说起来恐怕不怎么理直气壮吧？

[7]知名服装零售连锁店Urban Outfitters和Anthropologie刚被曝出非法获取顾客邮政编码的消息，我们就发现了上述情况。也许你觉得这并无大碍，不过与他们获取的其他信息整合在一起，就等于将我们的住址公之于众，并在门上挂出 “向我推销！”的招牌。

[8]这离我们并不遥远，就像我们现在不得不怀疑公共场合发生的一切都可能会被监控摄像机或某个人的手机记录下来。

[9]商家或许会大发善心，挂出牌子告知顾客。我们如果不想被追踪，就得在取购物车前把手机设为飞行模式或断开无线连接。没错，不管多急，去商场的时候我都记着这件事。

[10]我确实有一个手机大小的法拉第笼用作屏蔽罩，该装置以19世纪电磁学科学家迈克尔·法拉第的名字命名。这是一个银色的小袋子，手机放进去后就可以隔绝诺德斯特龙这类商店的追踪。真可谓是一个手机安全套。但这也带来诸多不方便，因此很少有人找这个麻烦。

[11]并非所有人都介意被商场追踪，也并没有很多人愿意花时间表示抗议。可能你并不介意商家正在为你建档，记录你的个人信息和购物习惯。很多美国人抱着 “反正我没做错什么” 的信条，对政府或商业追踪行为都是无所谓的态度。

[12]那么，对错由谁决定？不是你，而是掌控信息的机构。

[13]会有立法机关和法庭出台法律规定：只要拥有手机就表示默许政府追踪机主的通话信息吗？或者默许公司监控你的商品浏览记录？有可能。

[14]你的手机运营商是不是就此已经或者正在与销售商达成协议？是不是有人从你身上赚了不少钱，但是这个赚钱的人却不是你自己？或许这种情况已经发生了。

[15] 2002年上映的电影，《少数派报告》（改编自天才菲利普·K.迪克的同名科幻小说）成为高科技版的《1984》，里面的个人定制广告令人不寒而栗。有人可能喜欢这种生活方式：回家的时候有针对私人特制的电子合成语音问候，询问他们是否喜欢上次购买的土豆沙拉，味道是否好过早些时候购买的莳萝口味，需不需要优惠券以备下次购买。

[16]如果你不介意的话，一切照常就可以了。

[17]如果你介意，是时候表达你的观点了。只是不要用手机表达。 □

How Your Cellphone Betrays You

By Patt Morrison