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探讨冠心病PCI术后心肌肌钙蛋白I升高的临床价值

2017-07-17盘庆飞黄贤何秀丽

中国实用医药 2017年18期
关键词:冠心病

盘庆飞 黄贤 何秀丽

【摘要】 目的 探討冠心病经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)术后心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)值升高对患者临床预后的影响。方法 选择接受PCI术的119例冠心病患者, 监测PCI手术前后cTnI的水平, PCI术前cTnI水平正常者56例(47.1%), 术前cTnI水平升高者63例(52.9%);PCI术后cTnI升高者33例(27.7%)。按cTnI的水平将患者分为cTnI术前术后均正常组(Group Ⅰ组, 51例), cTnI术前正常术后升高组(Group Ⅱ组, 5例), cTnI术前术后升高组(Group Ⅲ组, 30例)。记录PCI术后各组间心脏事件的发生率并进行比较。结果 Group Ⅰ组中心律失常发生率为7.8%(4/51), Group Ⅱ组为60.0%(3/5), Group Ⅲ组为56.7%(17/30);而三组急性心力衰竭的发生率分别为3.9%, 40.0%, 46.7%;住院期间三组均无死亡病例;Group Ⅱ组 和Group Ⅲ组急性心力衰竭和心律失常的发生率明显高于Group Ⅰ组(P<0.05), 由此可以得出PCI术后cTnI升高与住院期间患者心脏时间的发生率明显相关。Group Ⅲ组和Group Ⅱ组30 d

内死亡率高于Group Ⅰ组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PCI术后随访1年, Group Ⅲ组二次返院率和死亡率高于Group Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Group Ⅲ组和Group Ⅱ组再次PCI率和行CABG率高于Group Ⅰ (P<0.05)。结论 cTnI对于预测PCI术后心脏事件的发生有一定的价值。

【关键词】 冠心病;经皮冠状动脉介入治疗;心肌肌钙蛋白I

DOI:10.14163/j.cnki.11-5547/r.2017.18.010

【Abstract】 Objective To explore the impact of elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) value after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on clinical prognosis of patients. Methods A total of 119 coronary heart disease patients undergoing PCI were selected to monitor the levels of cTnI before and after PCI, and there were

56 cases (47.1%) with normal cTnI level before PCI, 63 cases (52.9%) with increased cTnI level before PCI, and 33 cases (27.7%) with increased cTnI level after PCI. They were divided by cTnI levels into normal cTnI before and after operation group (Group Ⅰ, 51 cases), normal cTnI before operation and elevated cTnI after operation group (Group Ⅱ, 5 cases) and elevated cTnI before and after operation (Group Ⅲ, 30 cases). Record and analysis were made on incidence of cardiac events in groups after PCI. Results Group Ⅰ had incidence of arrhythmia as 7.8% (4/51), which was 60.0% (3/5) in Group Ⅱ and 56.7% (17/30) in Group Ⅲ. Three groups had incidence of acute heart failure respectively as 3.9%, 40.0% and 46.7%, and no death case showed during hospitalization. Group Ⅱ and Group Ⅲ had obviously higher incidence of acute heart failure and arrhythmia than Group Ⅰ (P<0.05), and it can be concluded that cTnI elevation after PCI is significantly correlated with the incidence of cardiac events during hospitalization. Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅱ had higher death rate within 30 d than Group Ⅰ, and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). Follow-up after PCI for 1 year showed that Group Ⅲ had higher second hospital return rate and death rate than Group Ⅰ (P<0.05). Group Ⅲ and Group Ⅱ had higher second PCI rate and CABG rate than Group Ⅰ (P<0.05). Conclusion cTnI shows certain value for prediction of occurrence of cardiac events after PCI.

【Key words】 Coronary heart disease; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Cardiac troponin I

经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(percutaneous coronary intervention, PCI)是指经心导管技术疏通狭窄甚至闭塞的冠状动脉血管, 从而改善心肌血流灌注的治疗方法[1, 2]。对于慢性稳定型冠心病有较大范围心肌缺血证据的患者, PCI术是缓解症状的有效方法之一。但作为有创操作, PCI术难免会造成微血管的损伤, 伴随而来的则是血管内皮功能受损, 炎症过程被激活, 进一步造成不稳定动脉粥样硬化斑块的脱落, 而这一系列的病理生理变化势必会导致微血管的栓塞, 从而引发相关临床并发症[3-5]。心肌肌钙蛋白I(cardiac troponin I, cTnI)在监测心肌损伤方面有着较高的灵敏度和特异度[6]。本研究的目的为评估cTnI升高对PCI术后患者短期临床事件发生率的影响。

1 资料与方法

1. 1 一般资料 选择2012年1月~2014年6月在深圳市宝安区石岩人民医院和罗湖区人民医院因心绞痛和(或)心肌缺血成功接受PCI手术的119例患者, 其中女25例(21.0%), 男94例(79.0%);稳定型心绞痛39例(32.8%), 不稳定型心绞痛16例(13.4%), 非ST段抬高的心肌梗死(NSTEMI)40例(33.6%), ST段抬高的心肌梗死(STEMI)24例(20.2%)。PCI术前cTnI水平正常者56例(47.1%), 术前cTnI水平升高者63例

(52.9%);PCI术后cTnI升高者33例(27.7%)。将患者分为cTnI术前术后均正常组(Group Ⅰ组, 51例), cTnI术前正常术后升高组(Group Ⅱ组, 5例), cTnI术前术后升高组(Group Ⅲ组, 30例)。

1. 2 方法 分别于PCI术前1 h、术后24 h采集患者静脉血, 由医院检验科采用ARCHITECT i-2000 SR全自动免疫分析仪(美国雅培)检测血清cTnI水平。cTnI临界值为1.5 ng/ml。PCI术成功的标准:残余狭窄<30%, 且梗死相关血管TIMI 血流分级达3 级。术后即开始进行随访观察, 时间为1个月。对出现心律失常、住院期间死亡、急性心力衰竭、二次返院、再次PCI、冠状动脉搭桥术(CABG)和死亡事件的发生率等予以记录。

1. 3 统计学方法 采用SPSS20.0统计学软件进行数据统计分析。计量资料以均数±标准差( x-±s)表示, 采用t检验;计数资料以率(%)表示, 采用χ2检验。P<0.05表示差异具有统计学意义。

2 结果

PCI术前cTnI水平正常者56例(47.1%), 术前cTnI水平升高者63例(52.9%);PCI术后cTnI升高者33例(27.7%)。Group Ⅰ组中心律失常发生率为7.8%(4/51), Group Ⅱ组为60.0%(3/5), Group Ⅲ组为56.7%(17/30);而三组急性心力衰竭的发生率分别为3.9%, 40.0%, 46.7%;住院期间三组均无死亡病例;Group Ⅱ组和Group Ⅲ組急性心力衰竭和心律失常的发生率明显高于Group Ⅰ组(P<0.05), 由此可以得出PCI术后cTnI升高与住院期间患者心脏时间的发生率明显相关。Group Ⅲ组和Group Ⅱ组30 d内死亡率高于Group Ⅰ组, 差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。PCI术后随访1年, Group Ⅲ组二次返院率和死亡率高于Group Ⅰ组(P<0.05);Group Ⅲ组和Group Ⅱ组再次PCI率和行CABG率高于Group Ⅰ(P<0.05)。见表1。

3 小结

现有研究认为PCI术后心肌肌钙蛋白I升高, 提示介入治疗可能引起心肌损伤[6-8]。本研究讨论了PCI术前术后cTnI水平的变化对于PCI术后心脏事件的评估价值, 对于PCI术前术后cTnI水平均正常患者, 其心脏事件的发生率较低, 而PCI术后cTnI水平升高, 则心脏事件的发生显著增加, 这种显著性差异在PCI术前cTnI水平升高的患者中更为明显。因此cTnI对于预测PCI术后心脏事件的发生有一定价值, PCI术前cTnI水平较高, 则术后发生心脏事件的可能性更大。

参考文献

[1] Banning AP, Baumbach A, Blackman D, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention in the UK: recommendations for good practice 2015. 2015, 101(Suppl_3):1.

[2] 李丕宝, 徐庆国, 姚艳粉, 等. 急性心肌梗死急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗围术期死亡原因探讨. 中国综合临床, 2013;29(10): 1055-1057.

[3] Auguadro C, Scalise F, Manfredi M, et al. The prognostic role of troponin I elevation after elective percutaneous coronary intervention. Journal of Cardiovascular Medicine, 2015, 16(3):149-155.

[4] Hall TS, Hallén J, Krucoff MW, et al. Cardiac troponin I for prediction of clinical outcomes and cardiac function through 3-month follow-up after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. American Heart Journal, 2015, 169(2):257-265.

[5] 盘庆飞, 黄贤, 何秀丽, 等. 冠心病PCI术后肌钙蛋白I的变化及其临床意义. 中国实用医药, 2016, 11(4):24-25.

[6] Feldman DN, Kim L, Rene AG, et al. Prognostic value of cardiac troponin-I or troponin-T elevation following nonemergent percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv , 2011, 77(7):1020-1030.

[7] Zhang M, He H, Wang ZM, et al. Diagnostic and prognostic value of minor elevated cardiac troponin levels for percutaneous coronary intervention-related myocardial injury: a prospective, single-center and double-blind study. J Biomed Res , 2014, 28(2):98-107.

[8] Lee T, Yonetsu T, Koura K, et al. Impact of coronary plaque morphology assessed by optical coherence tomography on cardiac troponin elevation in patients with elective stent implantation. Circ Cardiovasc Interv, 2011, 4(4):378-386.

[收稿日期:2017-03-20]

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