A Study on the Generation and Operation Characteristics of Affinity in Ideological and Political Education

Li+Jian

（Southwest Jiaotong University School Of Marxism，Sichuan College of Architectural Technology，Ideological and Political Education Department）

Abstract：The affinity of ideological and political education comes from the correct and sufficient cognition， the emotional mobilization and the satisfaction of the reasonable needs； there is independence and integrity， simultaneity and multiparty， multiplicity and digestion in the process of running.

Key words：The Affinity of Ideological and Political Education；the Generation of Affinity；Operation Characteristics

中圖分类号：G641 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5312（2017）12-0253-04

The affinity of ideological and political education is a sense of harmony and close feeling of the educational object for ideological and political education practice by the educators adhering to the concept of people-oriented， continuous optimization of educational activities. Affinity has the role of closing relationship of education， promoting awareness， building consensus and deepening evaluation in ideology and political education activities and so on. Deepening the theoretical root of the theory and revealing its inherent characteristics is of great significance to promote the affinity of ideological and political education and to enhance the effectiveness of ideological and political education of college students.

一、The Generation of Affinity in Ideological and Political Education

The process of the generation of affinity in ideology and politics education is accompanied by the process of accepting ideological and political education. The generation of affinity in ideology and political education is actually the result of realization of the cognitive process， emotions actively mobilized， and the receiving need to be satisfied.

（一）Correct Cognition is the Basis of the Generation of Affinity in Ideological and Political Education

Cognitive activity is a complex psychological process of human beings， composed of feelings， perception， memory， imagination and thinking， is also known as the cognitive process in psychology.

The feeling is that the human brain reflects the individual attributes of objective things and is the primary stage of cognitive activity. Studies have shown that people are always attracted to new things， especially those extraneous things and activities that can stimulate senses， and generate interest. For example， young people like pop music， a variety of video games or the impactive film， because the stimulus brings the excitement and pleasure. Therefore， in the process of ideological and political education， we should adopt the educational methods which meet the characteristics of young students， such as the use of modern network media to enrich the sensory experience of students， strength the attractiveness of educational activities and enhance the affinity of education.

Perception is the reflection of the human brain to objective things as a whole. Psychology shows that people often feel conscious about the object of perception， while feel comparatively vague about the background of perception. Therefore， in the ideological and political education activities， we must be efficient at processing and transforming the important educational content， and consciously make it an object of perception to the recipient. This takes into account the various factors that affect the choice of perceived objects， such as the recipient's interest， acceptance preferences， and so on. Once these contents？inosculate？interest， the habit of receiving， and the preference of the object of education， it will stimulate the sense of intimacy level.

Memory is the impression and experience of perceived things， experienced feelings and engaged in activities left in the peoples mind. Constructivism considers that the knowledge system and cognitive structure formed by these memories are the basis for new knowledge. The deeper imprint and the more perfect knowledge system can connect new knowledge， and make it integrate into the knowledge system faster and more firmly. Familiarity generates a sense of affinity， the study of knowledge as well. If the new knowledge and the previous cognitive system in mind can be connected effectively， it will produce a sense of ease， a long absence.

Imagination is the process of human beings processing and transforming the existing image in mind， and forming a new image. If the presupposed situation in the minds of people is similar to or consistent with the circumstances in the learning process of ideological and political education， and the degree of education is in line with the thinking level of the educational object， it will make the educational object have a sense of harmony.

Attention is the origin and beginning of all mental activity. Only to attract attention， people can then feel the cognitive things， think to judge the facts， and understand the memory event. Attention is selective. The study shows that “in the large amount of content that can be obtained， each member of the acceptors pays particular attention to the information that is relevant to his interest， consistent with his position， identical with his beliefs， and supports his values”. ①Domestic psychologists also believe that “people are always selective to a small number of things as the object of attention， and are particularly clear to their perception.” ②Therefore， the design of ideological and political education process must envisage the attention level of education objects， but also continue to optimize the educational content， to maintain a high degree of attention. The level of attention actually reflects the stability of the affinity.

（二）Positive Emotion is the Core of the Generation of Affinity in Ideological and Political Education

Lenin pointed out： “There is no ‘human emotion， there is never and impossibly the pursuit of truth.”③Emotion has an important influence on the acceptance of ideological and political education， and it is one of the promotion factors and the source of power for the acceptance of ideological and political education. Ideological and political education accepting activities can not be separated from emotions， and emotions have always been accompanied by ideological and political education accepting activities during the whole process.

In a particular emotional state， people tend to pay attention to those information that is consistent with the emotional state， that is， in a positive emotional state， people pay more attention to the positive aspects of things， and more memories of the positive experience， which make receiving subject show “being close to， respect and trust of the educators， and trust， recognition and pursuit for the concept of its conduction， norms and other educational content and the purpose of the education expressed”.④The receiving subject generally resists negative emotions instinctively， and weakens their perception， understanding， imagination， judgment， etc. in the process of acceptance， which will affect the dominant orientation of acceptance. Therefore， in the process of accepting if the experience of ideological and political education is painful， unpleasant and so on， it will hinder or interrupt the conduct of activities.

Therefore， in the ideological and political education the educators need to “create effective situations through ideological and political education resources as the carrier， so that the educatee can internalize ideological and political education resources by the way of feelings， attention， participation， insight and introspection and other non-logical methods to motivate the positive emotions of the educated， form emotional effects， and ultimately to achieve the purpose of ideological and political education.” ⑤The positive emotional emotions need educators and educational objects to be infected with each other， to stimulate and make it from the simple level of sublimation for the noble emotion.

（三）Satisfying the Need is the Foundation of the Generation of Affinity in Ideological and Political Education

Need is an important concept in the edifice？of Marxist philosophy. Marx said that human needs mean human nature， and that “need is the most fundamental thing in human psychological structure， and the driving force of development of human individual and the whole human beings”⑥，which promote the development of human history. Marx also believes that human needs are diverse and complex and can be divided into natural needs and social needs. The social needs include the gain of knowledge， the pursuit of truth， political participation and other spiritual aspects.

The need of ideological and political education is the formed tendency that the dominant body of ideological and political education and the receiving subject of ideological and political education， based on the objective and unfulfilled situation， realize the subjective hope. The need of ideological and political education is the high-level need based on the achieved basic needs of people， is the specific performance that is continuous improvement of human personality， the potential to play a greater play and self-realization， but also is the process from the one-sided to the overall development.

Psychology shows if the reasonable needs of people are met， their motivation will be greatly mobilized； otherwise， their motivation will be bruised and suppressed. The process of satisfying the needs of people is the process of generating affinity， which is concentratedly？expressed as satisfaction， pleasure and sense of accomplishment. For ideological and political education activity， it is expressed as subjective expectation， willing participation and initiative reception.

Marx believes that “the first gained need itself， the activities to meet the needs and the tools that have been acquired to meet the needs cause the new needs.” ⑦That is to say， the need in ideological and political education is uninterrupted， and the satisfaction of the previous one is the basis for the close convergence of educational objects to educational activities. In general， on the basis of the prior needs to be satisfied， the next or even a number of new needs will produce. A sense of satisfaction for the realization of the previous needs in ideological and political education activities will inevitably stimulate the new expectations in ideological and political education all aspects. If the new expectations are met again， and then a continuous process is formed， it will deeply attract the object of education who likes to and looks forward to the development of educational activities mentally， which is actually the process of continual generating and acting of affinity in ideological and political.

It should be noted that the need includes two forms： reasonable need and unreasonable need. In the ideological and political education activities， we must be good at analyzing， identifying， correcting and guiding the students unreasonable need， but not in order to obtain the “harmony” of ideological and political education， please and cater to students in the education content cut and the choice of educational methods， which will damage the scientific nature of political education.

（四）Migration and Diffusion of Emotion and the Need is the Key to the Generation of Affinity in Ideological and Political Education

The research shows that human emotions have four forms： time diffusion， spatial diffusion， inward diffusion and outward diffusion. At the same time， the above forms are often intertwined. The common denominator of spatial diffusion and outward diffusion is that the emotions suffuse the people and things outside of the subject， infect others， and empathize with foreign objects. In educational activities， if the object of education is trustworthy to the educator， he will recognize the interpretation of the value and perspective， which is the result of emotional migration. The American psychologist Hovlands attitude-changing-model theory also illustrates this truth. He argues that “in the four attitude-change essential elements： the persuader， persuadable object， persuasive message and the persuasion situation associated with each other， persuader as the transmitter of information， the maker of persuasion situation and the influencer of persuadable object is the most crucial.……If the persuadable object like the persuader， and have a positive sense of identification， this favor will be generalized to his spreading persuasive message.” ⑧As the saying goes， “you are more close to the teacher， more trust his truth”.

According to scholars study， the need also have the nature of migration. “If a particular object has a positive value and has a positive relationship with a third party， then the subject may respond positively to the latter simply because of the above two conditions， that is， the positive value of an object can be moved to the third party existed a positive relationship with it（positive migration）. If a particular object has a negative value and has a positive relationship with a third party， then the subject may respond negatively to the latter simply because of the above two conditions， that is， the negative value of an object can be moved to the third party existed a positive relationship with it（negative transfer）.” ⑨

Therefore， in the activities of ideological and political education， we should be good at using emotions and the migration and diffusion characteristics of needs to create conditions for the affinity in ideological and political education of all elements to be fully stimulated， and enhance the overall affinity of ideological and political education.

二、The Running Characteristics of Affinity in Ideological and Political Education

The running process of ideological and political education is the basis of the affinity running in ideological and political education. To grasp the operation of ideological and political education， it is necessary to proceed from the course of running the ideological and political education.

“The process of ideological and political education is the law developed by the educators basing on the certain ideological and moral requirements of the social and the ideology and morality of the educatee， and is the process that impose a purposeful， planned and organized educational influence on the educatee to promote the movement of educatees inherent ideological contradictions to form certain ideology and morality expected by social.”⑩The characteristics： clear sociality， practicalness， simultaneity and multiparty，？chronicity and repeatability， provide a theoretical reference for us to understand the running characteristics of the affinity in ideological and political education.

（一）Independence and Integrity

The affinity of ideological and political education runs through the whole educational practice. If the process of ideological and political education is treated as a large system， then the system is composed of six subsystems： the affinity of the ideological and political education objectives， the affinity of the main education subject， the affinity of education copula， the affinity of education object， the affinity of education environment， and the affinity chain of ideological and political education linked to all elements effectively.

That six subsystems run alone， and on this basis the overall optimal operation is the running affinity of ideological and political education. Among them， the ideological and political education goals， ideological and political educator， ideological and political education copula （content and methods）， and ideological and political education object are important category of ideological and political education research， and have certain independence in the academic sense and practice， thus the corresponding affinity of these elements have a certain degree of independence. This relatively independent feature is the basis for the independent operation of each subsystem affinity.

Individuals are an organic part of the integral. The integrality of the affinity of ideological and political education refers that the affinity subsystems of ideology and political education produce synergistic effect and simultaneous resonance under the effective link of the educational affinity chain to form resultant force. The formation of the affinity of ideological and political education as an impetus to promote the acceptance of ideological and political education， and to make the effectiveness of the ideological and political education improve， which the independent part of the affinity is difficult to achieve， should also be presented in the integral form. Integrity is achieved in the synergies of the subsystems， and any short board will affect the integral. For example， if the affinity of ideological and political education goal lacks or weakens， ideological and political education objects identity will be weakened， and the learning initiative will be reduced or not even， so in the specific practice， the learning process has no passion and motivation， and it is easy to appear false recognition or rebellion， resistance phenomenon. Another example is that the insufficient affinity， the majestic attitude， and the simple and old method of the educator will make education activities dead and vitality， and greatly digest the overall education affinity.

The relative independence and the overall promotion through synergy of the subsystems of ideology and political education， are similar to the relationship between atoms and molecules. That atom operates independently drives the movement of molecules effectively and promotes the development of things. Ideological and political education must pursue the integrity of the affinity， which are the fundamental point and the basic destination of the role fully playing.

（二）Simultaneity and Diversity

The running process of ideological and political education has the characteristics of simultaneity and diversity. In general， the formation and development of human morality starts with cognition along the order of cognitive， emotion， will， and behavior to start. However， in the specific process of ideological and political education， all elements of education play a role simultaneously， which is the simultaneity of all elements in ideological and political education process. Ideological and political education in which the environment is specific and dynamic， material is diversified， and the opportunity of education is unpredictable， so educators impose education influence on educatee， which can not rigidly adhere to the fixed order of cognitive， emotion， will and behavior step by step. For example， once a new student gets to school， in fact， he begins to receive the ideological education of school. When registering， the campus environment will infect him， the good order on the campus will affect him， and all kinds of disciplinary manual will regulate him ... ... Therefore， in practice， it is impossible to make clear precedence order of educational effect dogmatically， rigidly and deliberately.

From this point of view， ideological and political education activities can have a variety of beginning. As a non-substantive acting force， the mode of action of ideological and political education affinity is also simultaneous and diverse.

（三）Multiplicity and Digestibility

The affinity of ideological and political education is fused by the affinity of multiple factors. Ideally， the affinity of each element is fully stimulated， and in accordance with the laws of education， organically formed integral force which is not the result of the simple addition of elements. The generation and operation of the affinity of ideological and political education manifests two forms finally， one is the multiplicity effect of affinity， and the other is the digestion effect. The multiplicative effect is the positive effect of 1 + 1 ≥ 2 generated by effectively linking the affinity of the ideological and political education， the affinity of the educational carrier， the affinity of the educational environment and so on in the process of the migration and diffusion of the affinity， which is the ideal pursuit of the ideological and political education elements continuously optimizing. But in most cases， it is difficult for the ideological and political education affinity to achieve this effect， and it will appear the phenomenon of affinity digestion. For example， the low affinity of the educator influences education activities itself， thus there is resistant phenomenon that students skip classes， play mobile phone in class or are absent-minded. The appearance that the means of ideological and political education is outdated， the ideological and political education environment is poor， the main channel and the main position are separate ways， and the educational mechanism is not perfect and so on will have a negative impact on the overall effect of ideological and political， and dispel effect of affinity in different degrees.

This article is the staged achievement of the subject “Research on Enhancing the Affinity of College Students Ideological and Political Education” （15JDSZ2067）， which is the special Research Task Project （ideological and political work） of the Ministry of Education Humanities and Social Sciences in 2015.

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