主谓一致点拨

张文中

主谓一致是高考常考的语法项目，在语法填空、短文改错中经常有所体现，在写作中也常常使同学们感到为难。本人根据实际教学经验，教你四句话记牢主谓一致的规则：主复谓动复，主单谓动单；一分可为二，前后两向看。

[谓动用复数的情况]

1. 主语是复数可数名词时。如：

Two boys are playing on the playground.

2. 由两个部分组成的物体名词作主语时。如：

英语中有些由两个部分组成的物体名称，如glasses（眼镜），scissors（剪刀），shorts（短裤），shoes（鞋子），trousers（裤子）等作主语时，其后的谓语动词用复数形式。

His glasses were broken， so he cant see well.

His trousers are made of cotton.

注意 若这类名词前带有pair等表示单位的名词时，这些名词的单、复数形式决定动词的形式。如：

Two pairs of trousers are missing.

This pair of shoes is not on sale.

3. and连接的两个并列名词做主语，两个名词表示不同的人或物时谓语用复数，若表示同一人或物则谓语用单数。

A dancer and a singer are on the stage. （两个人）

A dancer and singer is on the stage. （同一人）

4. 集合名词在形式和内容上是相互“矛盾”的，就是说它们只有单数形式，但表达的是复数概念。它强调的是集体中的个体，这类名词有police，cattle，machinery，faculty，flock，vermin，personnel等。它们作主语时，谓语动词要用复数。如：

The police have caught the murder.

Our personnel are very highly trained.

The vermin are very dangerous.

[谓动用单数的情况]

1. 以-ics结尾的学科名词，如politics，physics，mathematics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。以-s结尾的名词news，works，plastics等同属此类。如：

Politics is now taught in all schools.

“News of victories keeps pouring in as our army advances，” the company commander said.

Mathematics is a required subject for us.

Every possible means has been used to prevent the air pollution， but the sky is still not clear.

2. 有些集合名詞表示的是人或事物的整体，即把这类人或事物的全部包括在内，所以只有单数形式。如作主语，谓语动词常用单数。这类名词常见的有：humanity，mankind，proletariat等。如：

The proletariat is the greatest class in the history of mankind. In the fields of production and scientific experiment， mankind makes constant progress.

3. 当表示时间、距离、金额等度量的复数名词作主语，被看作一个整体时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：

Two hours is enough for the task.

4.单个不定式短语、动词ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

To see is to believe.

Seeing is believing.

What I want is a good sleep.

5. “more than one+名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

More than one teacher gets the flowers.

6.“many a+名词”作主语时，从意义上看是复数，但谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

Many a student has been sent to plant trees.

[一分为二原则]

1. 集体名词作主语时，若看作整体，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调的是个体（成员），谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family（家庭），class（班级），team（团队），group（组），public（公众），audience（观众），committee（委员会），government（政府）。

Our class is a good one.

Our class are having a meeting.

2.“分数/百分数/the rest/the majority of”，“none/all/half of+名词”这种结构作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of后名词的数及其意义。如：

More than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.

There are ten apples. I ate two apples and the rest are for Lilei.

3. “a number/group/variety of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式；“the number/group/variety of+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

A number of students are lying on the grass.

The number of the students is sixty.

4. a large quantity of与large quantities of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity的单复数形式而定。如：

A large quantity of books is on the ground.

Large quantities of water are on the ground.

5. “one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中，定语从句的谓语动词要用复数；而在“the （only） one of+复数名词+定语从句”的结构中定语从句的谓语动词要用单数。如：

He is one of the students who go to school on time.

He is the （only） one of the srndents who goes to school on time.

6. 名词化的形容词作主语。“the+形容词”作主语，按照意义一致的原则确定谓语动词的单/复数形式。如果指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式；如果指一个人或抽象概念，谓语动词用单数形式。这类形容词有old，young，rich，poor，blind，deaf，dead，sick等。如：

The rich are not always happy.

The wounded is a policeman.

The beautiful is not always the same as the good.

[三看原則]

1.向前看（就前原则）

在下列结构“A+with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/including/but/except+B”中，谓语动词的形式与A一致。

Li Lei， together with his parents， likes going jogging ocfter super.

2.向后看（就近原则）

在neither A nor B/either A or B/not only A but also B/not A but B/“A or B+谓语动词”这些结构中，谓语动词的形式和后面的主语一致。

the following作主语时，使用就近原则。如：

The following are good examples.

3. 实事求是

关系代词who，that，which等在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数保持一致。当先行词是“the only one of+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用单数形式；当先行词是“one of+复数名词”时，从句谓语动词用复数形式。如：

He is one of the students who were invited.

He is the only one of the students who was invited.