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如何学好名词性从句

2017-03-31秦芬艳

校园英语·下旬 2016年12期
关键词:同位语语序省略

秦芬艳

名词性从句一直是高考中的重点和热点,考纲中要求考生在复习备考中必须掌握名词性从句的基本用法;一些引导词的辨析;句子的语序以及名词性从句与定语从句的区别,在平时的学习中学会分析和应用名词性从句尤为重要,结合我的教学实践,我谈谈名词性从句学习时,我们要注意的要点问题,希望大家多多指教。

定义:在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

名词性从句的引导词:

连接词:that、if、whether

连接代词:who、whom、whose、what、which、whatever、whoever

连接副词:when、where、why、how、

名词性從句主要的考点

考点一:同位语从句与定语从句的区别

定语从句是形容词性的从句, 它与先行词是修饰与被修饰的关系。

同位语从句是名词性从句,是对前面名词作进一步的补充性解释说明。

1)The news that our football team won the match was really encouraging .

2)The news that/which we heard on the radio was not true .

考点二:语序问题

名词性从句的语序必须是陈述语序

When he will come is not known.(改错)

考点三:关于that 的省略

1.在主语,表语和同位语从句中,that不可省略

2.在宾语从句通常可以省略,但在下面几种情况下,that不可省略

a. It 做形式宾语的宾语从句

b.并列宾语从句中,从第二个宾语从句开始都不可省略

c.当that宾语从句中状语部分位与从句前部时,

d.当that 前有插入语时

e.当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。

考点四:区别if 与whether

只能使用whether 的情况:

a.主语从句并在句首

b.表语从句

c.同位语从句

d.介词后的宾语从句

e.直接加动词不定式只能用whether (to do)

f. whether or not 直接连用时不用if

Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.

考点五:连接词:that 与 what 的区别

What he said made me happy.

That a new teacher will come is true.

that只起连接作用,无意义,在从句中不充当任何成分, 且在宾语从句中有时可省。

what 既起连接作用, 又在从句中作 主语, 宾语, 表语可译成 “---的东西,话,事情,地方,时间,样子 “所----”

考点六:区别 what / which (What 无范围;Which有范围)

Whichever team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

I will treasure whatever you give me.

考点七:区别Whoever, whatever, whichever与no matter who, no matter what, no matter which

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,

No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

引导名词性从句只能用Whoever, whatever, whichever连接词

引导状语从句既可以用连词Whoever, whatever, whichever又可以用连词no matter who, no matter what, no matter which

It is very hard for Mary to work there, for whatever she does cant satisfy her boss.

The book can be of help to whoever wants to do the job.

连接副词(连接副词的作用:a. 连接 b.做从句中的状语)

when/where/why/ how/ how many/how much….

Can you explain why you were late this morning?

考点九:However+形容词/副词+主语+谓语

However difficult it is, we should try our best.

考点十: 区分because与why

because与why均可引导表语从句,但含义不同。because引导的表语从句说明理由。而why引导的表语从句是在前面已说明了理由的情况下加以小结。

He was ill. That is why he was late for school.

The reason why he was late was that he was ill.

学好名词性从句,学生需要扎实做好名词性从句基本用法的复习;学会从结构和句意两方面分析定语从句和名词性从句,尤其是定语从句和同位语从句的区别。还需加强名词性从句引导词各自意义,用法,特点的辨析以及加强长、难句的分析和理解练习。

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