Linear performance and development of inkfigure painting

傅超

Abstract：Line drawing as a traditional Chinese art， it shows the typical qualities of Chinese painting and Chinese artistic conception， it is independent of the picture， and at the same time it is the foundation of the object modeling. Painters use colorful line to express feelings and objective image. With the progress and development of The Times， the performance and the style of line drawing is correspondingly changing， the traditional line-drawing gets a further development and innovation in the social change to make the thread form of Chinese painting get enrich and improve.

Keywords：Line drawing；Ink figure painting；Performance and development

中圖分类号：J212 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1005-5312（2017）05-0267-02

Early one thousand years ago， people have begun to learn to use the line on the wall to describe daily life， record important events. The modeling of Paintings seem naive and simple in thinking， technique of expression is more like primitive and crude，characters of the thread form a quick sketch， it is people's praise of the life， and this reflects a positive attitude towards life.

With the development of China， the linear language has been separated from early paintings， which is shaped with pure and simple line， by the exploration of linear language and the natural expression of emotion in nature， and this forms an artistic expression with hierarchy and connotation， which affect the full expression of artistic conception in painting.

一、The relationship between line drawing and calligraphy

Modern Chinese drawing master Li Kuchan said that Calligraphy and painting should achieve mastery through a comprehensive study. From conception to the growth of development gradually， Calligraphy and painting have always been consistent.

The method of bone pen is the most powerful way to express the line strength， it is also a requirement for calligraphy lines.And it is also applied for painting lines. The calligraphy includes cursive script， regular script， traditional Chinese painting is divided into traditional Chinese realistic painting， small freehand brushwork and big freehand brushwork， this is mostly due to the different expressions of line which form different picture. In terms of character painter of all famous painters of the art history， most of them favour the line of calligraphy， the picture reflects that they create their own system by absorbing useful things， some artists even directly search the line of cursive script to form a new style. In a word， we can see the influence of calligraphy everywhere in Chinese painting.

二、The origin and development of ShiBaMiao

In traditional painting， when painters express the same content， if they use different strength and form of line， so the form of expression will be different. Use of line drawing has its specific scope of application， the age and personality of people， the line and material of clothes， just because of these different styles of line drawing， line drawing depicts the world of different.

Ancient painters generalizes and summarize different way of line drawing of the change of smocking， and put forward the concept of ShiBaMiao. Painting in our country is based on the line， the formation process of line drawing is the accumulation of culture， the connotation of the linear language should not be bound by the form， every period has its unique feature， which promote the development of ShiBaMiao constantly.

Every kind of ShiBaMiao is different from each other. Ancient balance spring stroke combines concise and changeful lines with artistic image， line of the iron line looks like hard and powerful， which is commonly used to represent hard materials. The characteristics of Tsao tracing is close which are particular about the sparse and tight line in order to express the clothes with much smocking； Reduction of pen is higher extracting and purifying of clothes smocking， painters often draw the outline of objects by thick and changeful technique of writing which is usu ally used in figure painting of big freehand brushwork.

三、The application of line drawing in ink figure painting

In the process of the development of Chinese painting， water and ink figure painting is growing， line drawing becomes the most basic performance method， line drawing is an essential factor in water and ink modelling art， the use of line drawing in water and ink figure painting enriched expression style of Chinese painting.

During the Qing dynasty， Huang Shen draws by the way of cursive script， he is good at painting and calligraphy double， at the same time， the theme of his works is rich， and his paintings involve many ranges， in his later figure painting creations， he applies cursive script to his works， which has broken the traditional aesthetic idea and drawing program. In his painting， he draws by a thick pen， the line of the figure is bold and unconstrained， he dose not pursue the similarity of the figure but the expression of verve in the painting. This kind of style brings a new sense to people. The line of Huang Shens painting is mostly square， the line changes with the structure of characters and the shape of clothes fold， at the same time， the line changes with the technique of writing， the combination of them makes the line drawing figure be highly expressive.

四、Evolution of line drawing in ink figure painting

To the modern society， western art gradually spreads to the domestic， the traditional ink figure painting has been affected， people begin to accept new ideas and new culture， Chinese and western cultures coexist in the picture. With the influence of the new culture， Xu Beihong begins his road to learn western culture. In abroad， he learns and researches the western art paintings. After returning home， based on the foundation of tradition， he combines the Chinese painting art and western painting art that he learned， which forms the unique style of light ink.

Since China was founded，in order to adapt to the new requirements for art in the new period， to break the traditional program and adapt to the change of the times and the aesthetic demand， Chinese artists create a "new ink painting" and start the continuous exploration and innovation.

During this period， Fang Zengxian learns the advantages of other people and creates a new style which combines the structure sketch in western painting and the method of bone pen in Chinese traditional ink figure painting， by this way to show the Chinese figure painting， this makes figure painting get a new development. He uses the JiMo method in the shape of ink figure painting to strengthen the characters of the image.

五、The necessity of line drawing language development|

Along with the development of the society and the progress of science and technology， people's aesthetic orientation and values get tremendous change， when Chinese ink figure painting comes into the contemporary painting art stage， development of line drawing languages are endowed with new contents and forms. Faced the deep communication of world culture， Chinese culture begins to inherits the tradition， pioneer and innovative， at the same time， Chinese culture starts to fuse with the world culture all-round， it is the best interpretation for "art without borders"， and it is also the necessity of line drawing language development.Contemporary painting more tend to be decorative and rhythmic.

At the same time， the way of modernist painting gets change because of clothes and hairstyles in life style. This asks painters to base on life and explore bravely， painters should enrich line drawing form and connotation with lines which meet the requirements of the era aesthetic， at the same time， painters will inject fresh vigor to the innovation and development of Chinese ink figure painting and manifest the life vitality of the times.

In a word， Chinese ink figure painting express the connotations through the depicting of line， lines of Chinese ink figure painting is the aesthetic feeling and spirit support in painting. We can say that， if there is no line drawing， there will be no Chinese painting， and also can not form the unique style of art， line drawing becomes the most intuitive form for painters to express their emotions.