复合不定代词和复合不定副词的用法

李廷安

一、复合不定代词及复合不定副词

二、复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。例如：

Everyone knows me here.

三、形容词修饰复合不定代词时，形容词放在它的后面。例如：

There is something new in todays newspaper.

四、any以及any构成的词多用于否定句、疑问句、if条件句和含否定词的句子中。例如：

If you dont want anything， please let me know.

He is too busy to see anyone come in.

The box is too heavy for anyone to lift.

注意：（1）any以及any构成的词在否定句中不可作主语，而应换成对应的词。

Anyone doesnt know me here. 应改为No one knows me here.

（2）any以及any构成的词在否定句中为完全否定。例如：

not... any = no not... anyone/ anybody = none/ nobody

not... anything = nothing not... anywhere = nowhere

I cant see anything in the room. = I can see nothing in the room.

（3）any以及any构成的词也可用于肯定句。例如：

any 任何一个 any one = anybody 任何人 anything 任何事物

He is taller than anyone else in my class.

五、every以及every构成的词在否定句中为不完全否定。例如：

He knows everything. 改否定句：He knows nothing.

而不能改成He doesnt know everything. 他不是事事都懂（不完全否定）。

六、表示人的复合不定代词用人称代词、物主代词替换时一般用复数形式，有时也可以用单数，这要根据上下文来决定。例如：

If anyone invites you， you have to meet them on time. （前面用单数，后面是宾格复数them）

No one knows me here， do they？ （前面用单数，后面是复数they）

Everyone is doing their homework now.

If anyone calls me， tell him/ her to call back after 8：00.

七、none做主语时，谓语可以用单数也可以用复数。例如：

None of us go/ goes to school by bus.

None of us is a cook.

【牛刀小试】

Ⅰ. 单项选择。

（ ）1. She listened carefully， but heard ______.

A. anyone B. someone C. something D. nothing

（ ）2. —Do you have ______ to say for yourself？

—No， I have ______ to say.

A. something； everything B. nothing； something

C. everything； anything D. anything； nothing

（ ）3. Why not ask ______ to help you？

A. everyone B. someone C. anyone D. none

（ ）4. —There isnt ______ water here. Could you get ______ for me？

—All right.

A. some； some B. any； any C. some； any D. any； some

（ ）5. Theres ______ with his eyes. Hes OK.

A. anything wrong B. wrong something

C. nothing wrong D. wrong nothing

（ ）6. Put it down， Richard. You mustnt read ______ letter，

A. anyones elses B. anyones else

C. anyone elses D. anyone else

（ ）7. Be quiet！I have ______ to tell you.

A. important anything B. anything important

C. important something D. something important

（ ）8. Im going to move ______. Its too noisy in our neighbourhood.

A. somewhere quiet B. quiet somewhere

C. anywhere quiet D. quiet anywhere

Ⅱ. 请用不定代词及不定副词（some， any， something， someone， somewhere， anything， anyone， anywhere， nobody， nothing）填空。

1. Do you have ________ questions？

2. Maybe ________ put my dictionary ________. I cant find it ________.

3. Im so thirsty. Shall we get ________ to drink？

4. I dont think ________ knows her new address.

5. ________ is too difficult if you put your heart into it.

6. Did you find ________ in the bag？

7. Please help yourself to ________ soup.

8. He will not tell ________. The secret will die with him.