Exploration of Learning Strategies from the Study on Language Acquisition Process

白艳玲

Abstract：Since the day foreign language teaching came into being，people have been trying to find an all-heal way of teaching methodology.Although teaching methods are varied，it produced unsatisfactory teaching results.One of the primary purposes for conducting this study is to find out the scheme of learning strategies used in learning process by applying Blooms Taxonomy and J.B.Biggs 3P Model to make a four-step learning strategy.

1 Introduction

Strategies are ways for learners to solve problems encountered in constructing meaning in any context.Since the day foreign language teaching came into being，people have been trying to find an all-heal way of teaching methodology.Although teaching methods are varied，it produced unsatisfactory teaching results.Under these circumstances，scholars began to research from teaching process to learning process，from how to teach to how to learn，form teachers to students.

2 The Theoretical Framework of My Exploration

In 1956，Benjamin Blooms group developed a classification of levels of thinking behaviors，which consist of knowledge，comprehension，application，analysis，synthesis，and evaluation.In 1970s，John Biggs found students learning approach has a close relationship with their learning motivation and learning strategies.In his view，the main factors of learning quality are presage，process and product.Therefore，based on these two scholars theories，I divide learning process into four stages：presage，input，intake，and output.

3 Learning Strategies in Learning Process

3.1 Learning Strategies in Presage Stage（Knowledge）

In presage stage，students aim is to be ready for getting new knowledge and be clear about the following steps；students need to firstly use motivation strategies like taking risks，setting goals，practicing intuition，building self-confidence，developing intrinsic motivation，and promoting ambiguity tolerance；secondly use exploration strategies like prediction，brainstorming，pre-reading plan，questioning and K-W-L（recalling what they Know，identifying what they Want，determining what they Learn）.

3.2 Learning Strategies in Input Stage（Comprehension）

In input stage，students aim is to comprehend and grasp the meaning of information.Monitor strategies is needed.Under their self-monitoring and self-management，students will be clear about their learning tasks and be forced to fulfill it.Then one is rewarding strategies that means to affirm ones achievements in order to encourage himself to be active in study.At last，students can use compensation strategies which use guessing，avoidance，or applying mother tongue to compensate the weakness of using foreign language.

3.3 Learning Strategies in Intake Stage（Application & Analysis）

In intake stage，students aim is to internalize patterns or break information into parts and to use new information.At first，students need to use analysis and combination strategies.Then，following with reinforcement strategies，learners put new knowledge into practice.Furthermore，learning problem-solving strategies should not be neglected.Student can do research，inference，or appeal to authority.

3.4 Learning Strategies in Output Stage（Synthesis & Evaluation）

In output stage students aim is to judge the value of information and put them together to create something new.Two parallel strategies need to be mentioned in this stage：expanding strategies and affectional strategies.For the former，praise-question-polish（PQP），problem-solving，and error-monitoring are the most useful ones to improve our learnin.For the latter，learners communicative and cooperative approach are emphasized.

4 Conclusion

According to the results of the study，we can make some suggestions for the foreign language learning students on the uses of learning strategies.Students should cultivate their intrinsic motivation in learning process to benefit for life-long learning，which was noticed by them in the lowest frequency.Besides，students should use various strategies，especially affective and social strategies，which is the new focus of modern teaching.Only by applying this comprehensive teaching approach，can we make our foreign language teaching more effective.

Reference：

[1]Biggs，J.B.& Telfer，R..The Process of Learning.Prentice Hall of Australia，1987.150～151.

[2]Brown，H.D..Psychology of Language Learning and Teaching.Beijing：Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press，2002.

[3]Learning Strategies Resource Guide.Disseminated by Region XIV Comprehensive Center Educational Testing Service 1979 Lakeside Parkway，Suite 400 Tucker，Georgia.

[4]穆志刚“我国学习策略研究综述”《英语教学研究》第8期，（2007年）：29-31。