简单句不简单

杨华新

笔者多次参加过高考作文评卷工作，在评卷的过程中，发现许多考生在表达方面用了较多的简单句，句型单调，缺乏连贯，毫无亮点。当然，至于运用什么样的句式，我们建议考生要量力而行。其实，只要考生在平时稍加留意，在熟练掌握简单句的基础上，巧妙地将同位语、介词短语、分词短语等融入其中，不但可以丰富表达，也令内容精彩迭出，从而让简单句不再“简单”。以下是让简单句变“高级”的常用手段：

1. 将同位语嵌入简单句中

同位语的功能是对前面的名词或代词进行解释说明。可用同位语来合并两个相关的简单句，让句子结构简单明了。如：

Li Ming is our monitor. He is helpful as well as responsible.

→ Li Ming， our monitor， is helpful as well as responsible.

同时，含有定语从句的复合句，其实用含有同位语的简单句来表达，更简洁。如：

The other day I met Tom， who is my former classmate.

→ The other day I met Tom， my former classmate.

2. 将介词短语巧置简单句句首

The boy is honest as well as modest.

→Apart from being honest， the boy is modest as well.

They chose to go out shopping rather than stay at home watching TV.

→ Rather than stay at home watching TV， they chose to go out shopping.

We have so much work to complete. We cant relax ourselves this weekend.

→With so much work to complete， we cant relax ourselves this weekend.

3. 将分词短语揉入简单句中

He was lost in thought. He nearly bumped into a wall in front of him.

→Lost in thought， he nearly bumped into a wall in front of him.

She buried herself in an amusing book. She was unaware of what was happening around her.

→Burying herself in an amusing book， she was unaware of what was happening around her.

→Buried in an amusing book， she was unaware of what was happening around her.

4. 将形容词（短语）插入简单句中

形容词（短语）置于句首，可以充当原因状语。如：

The speaker was nervous. He was unable to utter a word on the stage.

→Nervous， the speaker was unable to utter a word on the stage.

此外，形容词（短语）还可以充当主语补足语，往往置于句末，用以补充说明主语的状态（注：也有人认为形容词在此充当伴随状语）。如：

They arrived home late. They were tired and hungry.

→ They arrived home late， tired and hungry.

5. 将插入语融入简单句中

有时，为了强调说话者的态度，可使用插入语。插入语可以是一个短语或句子，位置也比较灵活。如：

Without doubt， our team is bound to defeat theirs.

She， I suppose， is kind of shy.

Youre one of the most popular teachers in our school， to be honest with you.

除了上述提到的五种常用的手段外，其实，把简单句进行以下的“改装”，同样可以取得意想不到的效果。

6. 换成感叹句

The graduation ceremony is pretty memorable and unforgettable.

→How memorable and unforgettable the graduation ceremony is！

Mr. Wang is an extremely hard-working and easy-going teacher.

→What a hard-working and easy-going teacher Mr. Wang is！

7. 妙用倒装句

A small garden is in front of the house.

→In front of the house is a small garden.

I realized my mistake at that moment.

→ Only at that moment did I realize my mistake.

I will always keep your practical suggestions in mind.

→ Never shall I forget your practical suggestions！

8. 善用强调句

Our parents took great pains to bring us up.

→It is our parents who took great pains to bring us up.

The dirty water accounted for the illness of many people.

→ It was the dirty water that accounted for the illness of many people.

9. 巧用省略句

Are you free these days？ Please pay me a visit.

→Please pay me a visit when / if free these days.

Mr. Chen is in his eighties. He is still in good health.

→Though in his eighties， Mr. Chen is in good health.

【牛刀小试】

为了让考生在高考的“书面表达”中更熟练地运用“高级简单句”，笔者特意设置了以下练习。

一、单句填空 根据中文提示完成以下句子。

1. _____________________________ （很好奇发生了什么事情），she walked into the restaurant to have a good look.

2. ______________________________ （受到老师的表扬）， Li Ping works even harder than before.

3. ________________________________________ （那位村民在前面带路）， we got to the destination without difficulty.

4. A lecture on how to improve self-confidence will be held by Mr. Yan， __________________________________________ （一位来自北京大学的教授）.

5. ________________________ （精确来讲）， his success largely depends on luck rather than on his ability.

6. ____________________ （有必要的话）， Ill do you a favor and help you out.

二、合并句子 用上述提到的手段将每组的两个句子合并成一个高级简单句。

1. Our school was built in 1916. It has a history of 100 years.

2. Toms father is a successful man. He is a manager of that company.

3. We saw a wonderful movie last night. The name of the movie is Gone with the Wind.

4. I wont attend her wedding. Instead， Ill do my work in the office tonight.

5. She was angry with her boyfriend. She ignored him on purpose.

6. My deskmate went home alone just now. He looked rather discouraged.

三、句子翻译 将下列句子译成英文。

1. 姚明，一位篮球运动员，是我见过的最高的人。

2. 时间允许的话，我会带你游览一下我的家乡。

3. 她面带微笑，心满意足地离开了图书馆。

4. 他的父亲在一间机构工作。那间机构附属于中山大学。（attach）

5. 我是在农村度过我难忘的童年的。

6. 我多么感激父母把我抚养大！

四、文段润色 请用各种手段将以下文段进行润色。

One day after school， we went home and felt relaxed. There was an old lady behind us， who is one of my neighbours. All of a sudden， a car was out of control and nearly bumped into us. We were lucky enough to avoid being hit. But unfortunately， the old lady was knocked down while she was crossing the street. As soon as we saw what had happened， we came up to her in a hurry and found that she was bleeding badly. We didnt hesitate to send for an ambulance and took her to the nearby hospital. The doctors started operating on the old lady in no time and we were waiting anxiously outside. To our joy， the old lady was out of danger with the help of the doctors and she was able to walk normally a week later. Though she was in great pain， she never moaned（呻吟）. She was really brave and determined.

五、写作运用 用各种手段将以下的文段进行润色。

Dear schoolmates and teachers，

Im honored to give a brief speech at the graduation ceremony on behalf of all the senior three students.

In the past three years， we have devoted ourselves to studying to make our dreams come true. When we are faced with difficulties and challenges， we shall never give up. We help and learn from each other. We benefit a great deal from it. Meanwhile， our beloved teachers always spare no effort to help us. We are so grateful for their timely assistance and will never forget their kindness. If it is convenient and possible， we will pay them visits after we graduate from high school.

Thats all. Thanks for Listening.

【小试牛刀】答案

一、单句填空

1. Wondering what had happened / Curious about what had happened

2. Praised by the teacher

3. With the villager leading the way ahead / Led by the villager ahead

4. a professor from Peking University

5. Exactly speaking / To be exact

6. If / When necessary

二、合并句子

1. Built in 1916， our school has a history of 100 years.

2. Toms father， a manager of that company， is a successful man.

3. We saw a wonderful movie with the name / entitled Gone with the Wind last night.

4. Instead of attending her wedding， Ill do my work in the office tonight. / Rather than attend her wedding， Ill do my work in the office tonight.

5. Angry with her boyfriend， she ignored him on purpose.

6. My deskmate went home alone just now， looking rather discouraged. / My deskmate went home alone just now， discouraged.

三、句子翻译

1. Yao Ming， a basketball player， is the tallest person I have ever seen.

2. Time permitting， Ill take you around my hometown.

3. She left the library with a smile on her face， contented.

4. His father works in an institute attached to Sun Yat-Sen University.

5. It is in the countryside that I spent my unforgettable childhood.

6. How grateful / thankful I am to my parents for bringing me up！

四、文段润色

One day after school， we went home， relaxed. There was an old lady， one of my neighbours， behind us. All of a sudden， out of control， a car nearly bumped into us. Lucky enough， we managed to avoid being hit. But unfortunately， the old lady was knocked down while crossing the street. On seeing what had happened， we came up to her in a hurry and found her bleeding badly. Without any hesitation，we sent for an ambulance and took her to the nearby hospital. In no time the doctors started operating on the old lady，with us waiting anxiously outside. To our joy， with the help of the doctors， the old lady was out of danger and able to walk normally a week later. Though in great pain， she never moaned（呻吟）. How brave and determined the lady was！ / What a brave and determined lady she was！

五、写作运用

Dear teachers and schoolmates，

On behalf of all the senior three students， I am honored to give a brief speech at the graduation ceremony.

To make our dreams come true， in the past three years， we have devoted ourselves to studying. Faced with difficulties and challenges， never shall we give up. By helping and learning from each other， we benefit a great deal. Meanwhile， it is our beloved teachers who always spare no effort to help us out. How grateful we are for their timely assistance！Never shall we forget their kindness. If convenient and possible， we will pay them visits after graduating from high school.

Thats all. Thanks for listening.

责任编辑 蒋小青