强调句易错点剖析
2016-12-01龚磊周光军
龚磊+周光军
强调句是人们为了表达自己的意愿或情感而使用的一种句式。作为高考的重要考点之一，了解强调句的考查范围和出题特点，有助于我们在高考当中提高得分。
[强调句型的基本结构]
强调句型的基本结构是：it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分。英语中许多句子常常可以通过强调句型对句子的不同成分进行强调。如：
It is they who/that will have a meeting tomorrow. （强调主语）
例1 In recent years， stress 33，， （regard） as a cause of a whole range of medical problems， from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things， it is only too much stress 34， does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life， you would achieve a little.
解析 that。考查强调句型。强调句型的最大的特点就是去掉it is＼was ... that＼who句子仍然成立。强调句型能强调除谓语动词以外所有的句子成分。本句强调的是句子主语only too much stress.
2. It is a meeting that they will have tomorrow.（强调宾语）
3. It is tomorrow that they will have a meeting.（强调状语）
例2 （2016·天津卷） You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel ______ the coach picks up tourists.
A. who B. which C. where D. that
解析 D。句意：你在一个错误的地方等待。大客车是在旅店接送游客的。这句话强调的是地点状语at the hotel。故选D。
除了强调句的陈述句，我们还需要掌握强调句的一般疑问句和特殊疑问词的结构，还有强调句做名词性从句的语序问题。
此外，针对not ... until ...的强调句型为it is/was not until ... that ...，如：
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a film star.
It was not until 1920 that regular radio broadcasts began.
例3 （2015·重庆卷） Bach died in 1750， but ________ was not until the early 19th century that his musical gift was fully recognized.
解析 it。句意：巴赫死于1750年，但是直到19世纪初他的音乐天赋才得到完全认可。本题考查not ... until ...的强调句型it was not until ... that ...。
[强调句的要点]
1.强调句型可以用来强调主语、宾语（包括介词宾语）和状语。其
2.强调句中的连接词一般只用who（指人）或that（可指物，也可指人）。若被强调的是状语，也只能用that，而不能用when或者where。而且连接词不能省略。如：
It was in the park that he met an old friend yesterday.（虽然强调的是地点，但不能用where。）
3.强调句子的主语时，that或who之后的谓语动词的人称和数要与它前面被强调的名词或代词一致。如：
It is Mary and Tom who often do good deeds.
例4 （2014·湖南卷） Its not doing the things we like， but liking the things we have to do that make life happy.
解析 make→makes。句意：不是做我们喜欢的事情，而是去喜欢我们必须做的事情才能让人生幸福。主语not doing the things we like， but liking the things we have to do是被强调部分， 应看作单数。
4.强调句型的时态常见的有两种：一般现在时和一般过去时。即it is ... that/who ...和it was ... that/who ...。如：
It was the way he asked that really upset me.
[强调句的考法]
1.用介词短语来作为被强调的部分。如：
It was for this reason that he left that school.
It was in this way that he solved the problem.
2.用时间状语从句、条件状语从句等作为被强调的部分。如：
It was only when I reread his poems that I began to appreciate their beauty.
3.在被强调的部分后接定语从句，使句子结构更加复杂。如：
It was on July 7th 1975 when he was born that his father died.
例5 Could it be in the restaurant where you had dinner with me yesterday where you lost your handbag？
解析 将第二个where改为that。that与前边的could it be共同构成强调句。本题解题的关键在于搞清楚句子中两个where究竟哪一个引导的是定语从句。本句的应意为：你有可能正是在你昨天和我吃饭的那家馆子丢失的手袋吗？针对这种从句套从句的情况，同学们一定要仔细辨别。
4.通过句型转换来进行考查。如把肯定句改成一般疑问句或特殊疑问句，或把肯定句改成否定句或否定疑问句。
Was it during the Second World War that he died？ （一般疑问句）
When was it that the sports meeting began？ （特殊疑问句）
It was not Tom that stole the book. （否定句）
Wasnt it he that had made a mistake？ （否定疑问句）
例6 （2014·四川卷） Was it because Jack came late for school ________ Mr. Smith got angry？
解析 that。本题的解题关键在于是否看得出句子是强调句的一般疑问句。在解决这类问题时，可巧用还原法，将句子还原为陈述句，这样能有效降低难度，快速解题。
5.通过改变系动词的形式来进行考查。强调句型的系动词除了用is或was外，还可以在前面加上may/might/must等表示推测的情态动词。如：
It might be him that you met yesterday.
例7 （2016·浙江卷·阅读理解C） For example， it may only be through repeated experiments， evidence gathering， and finally overturning a theory， that a baby will come to accept the idea that other people can have different views and desires from what he or she has.
解析 句意：例如，它可能只是通过反复实验，收集证据，并最终推翻一个理论——一个婴儿会接受其他人可以和他/她有不同的意见和愿望的想法。这句话使用强调句，强调的是through repeated experiments， evidence gathering， and finally overturning a theory，这部分比较长，同学们可能没有注意这个句式。主干部分中idea后面是同位语从句，from后面还有宾语从句。
[强调句型与三大从句的辨析]
1. 与主语从句的区别
强调句型去掉it is/was和that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而主语从句则不能。
Its there that the accidents often happen. （强调句）
It is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. （主语从句）
2. 与定语从句的区别
强调句中that没有意义，且不做任何成分，而定语从句中that为关系代词，在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。
It is novels that Miss Wang enjoys reading. （强调句）
It is a question that needs careful consideration. （定语从句）
3. 与时间状语从句的区别
强调句型去掉it is/was和that之后，句子结构仍然完整，而it is ... when ...中，it指代时间。
It was at six oclock that I got up today. （强调句）
It was six oclock when I got up today. （状语从句）
