Reading’s Got a Way
2016-11-25Track13
Track 13
杜宇供稿
Reading’s Got a Way
朗读有窍门
Track 13
杜宇供稿
自打学习英语以来,我们已经朗读过无数篇课文。原因无他,朗读对于学好一门语言至关重要。就连中考口试,也专门设置了一道朗读关,要求同学们能比较流利地朗读或模仿一篇学过的课文或者难度略低于所学语言材料的内容。
有些同学就纳闷了,明明我每个单词都读得很标准,怎么读起文章来就各种不顺畅,听起来很别扭。那是因为你没有掌握朗读的窍门。朗读并非简单读准单词就可以了,它需要你划分好意群,读准语调、重音和连读等。
意群是句子根据结构和逻辑关系划分而成的基本单位。简单来说,就是朗读时的停顿点。掌握了意群才可以朗读顺畅,可以换气、停顿、抑扬和顿挫。找准了意群,朗读才有节奏感。
根据句子的内容,可以将较长的主语、谓语、宾语、状语等划分为一个意群。对于从句,引导词前面的为一个意群,后边的为另一个意群。同学们在口试的准备时间里,可以先给文段划分意群,朗读时以意群为单位进行停顿。如:
Last Saturday afternoon,/ I was visiting my friend.// She knocked a flower pot/ from her window/ by accident.// It broke on the ground below/ and narrowly[勉强地]missed some children.// No one was hurt,/ so/ we said nothing/ and went to the cinema.// After we returned,/ we learnt/ that the police had been to the flats/ and questioned[询问]everyone/ about the pot.// My friend/ was too afraid/ to talk to the police.// Now I feel guilty[内疚]/ and don’t know/ what to do.//
语调,即说话的腔调,就是一句话里声调的抑扬和轻重的变化。语调不同,表达的意思也各异。例如“Thank you.”如果读成降调就表示感谢;如果读成升调,则毫无感谢之意,有时甚至还表示反感。
升调( )和降调( )是英语最基本的语调。只要做到升降有序,就能基本表达语调里蕴含的意思。把握语调要从平日的练习里积累,但考试时要有这个意识。请感受以下句子的语调:
我们在朗读英语时,并不是句子中的每个词都要读得一样清晰响亮。有些词读得又轻又快,较为含糊;有些词则读得又重又慢,较为清晰。那些读得响亮又清晰的词就是句子的重音所在。读准句子的重音,可以使句子富有节奏感和韵律感,也能突出重点,使听者更容易理解。
一般来说,在句子中需重读的词都是实词,比如名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词等。例如:
1) The ′streets are ′wide and ′clean.
2) I’m ′so ′glad to ′see you ′again.
3) The ′man at the ′desk is our ′teacher.
P60 Solution to the Puzzle:
如果你留心听英美国家本土的人说话,你会发现,你很难从听到的一连串声音里面挑出某个词。因为他们在说话的时候,词汇常常是连贯在一起的。他们在说话时会将两个单词连在一起读,听起来就好像一个单词一样,这就是连读。连读的音节一般不重读,只需顺其自然地一带而过。连读一般有以下四种情况:
1.“辅音+元音”型连读
如果相邻两词中的前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,就要将辅音与元音连读。例如:
1) I’m~an~English boy.
2) Let me have~a look~at~it.
3) Put~it~on, please.
注意:当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时,意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现,也不可连读。
1) Is~it a~hat or a cat?(hat与or之间不可连读)
2) There~is~a good book in my desk. (book与in之间不可连读)
3) Can you speak~English or French? (English与or之间不可连读)
2.“辅音+半元音”型连读
英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音,如果前一个词以辅音结尾,后一个词以半元音,特别是/j/开头,此时也要连读。例如:
1) Thank~you.
2) Nice to meet~you.
3) Could~you help me, please?
3.“元音+元音”型连读
如果前一个词以元音结尾,后一个词以元音开头,那么这两个音往往也要自然不间断地连读到一起。
1) He~is very friendly to me.
2) She wants to study~English.
3) The question is too~easy for him to answer.
4.“r/re+元音”型连读
如果前一个词以字母r或者re结尾,后一个词以元音开头,那么这时的r或re不但要发/r/,还要与后面的元音拼起来连读。
1) They’re my father~and mother.
2) I looked for~it here~and there.
但是,如果单词的最后一个音节前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头,也不能连读。例如:
The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer.(nearer与and不可连读)
注意:虽然连读必不可少,但也不可以过多追求连读,过犹不及。
学了这么多的朗读技巧,是时候动动嘴了。在朗读前,要先用笔标记好意群、语调、重音和连读哦。
When people say “culture”, we think of art and history. But one very famous symbol in American culture is a cartoon. We all know and love the black mouse with two large round ears—Mickey Mouse. Over 80 years ago, he first appeared in the cartoon Steamboat Willie. When this cartoon came out in New York on November 18th, 1928,it was the first cartoon with sound and music. The man behind Mickey was Walt Disney. He became very rich and successful. In the 1930s, he made 87 cartoons with Mickey.
On November 18th,1978, Mickey became the first cartoon character to have a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. Today’s cartoons are usually not so simple as little Mickey Mouse, but everyone still knows and loves him. Who has a pair of ears more famous than Mickey’s?