推理判断题解答策略

闫跃

推理判断题是指那些针对文章所隐含的内容、作者未言明的观点或含蓄表达的态度所设置的问题，主要考查概括、归纳、比较、推理等综合能力，要求同学们在理解文章字面意思的基础上，解读文章的深层内涵。我们按推断题的类型来分别看看它们的解题策略。

1. 推断隐含意义

例1 （2015新课标Ⅱ卷） But not everyone is happy. Owain James， the president of the National Union of Students（NUS）， argued that the increase is evidence of student hardship—young people are being forced into earning money before finishing their education.

31. How does Owain James feel about the gap-year phenomenon？

A. Hes puzzled. B. Hes worried.

C. Hes surprised. D. Hes annoyed.

解析 B。根据本段第一句可知，Owain James对“间隔年”的做法并不认同。他认为这种现象反映的是学生的资金困难，他们不得不走出校门赚钱以使自己完成学业。而面对这种现象的普遍化，可以推断，Owain James是“感到忧虑的”。

例2 （2014新课标Ⅰ卷） In 1897， the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons， but by then， no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.

27. What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan？

A. It was ignored by the public.

B. It was declared too late.

C. It was unfair.

D. It was strict.

解析 B。密歇根州虽然颁布了法律禁止捕杀旅鸽，但在这之前的十年已经见不到成群的大只旅鸽，说明该项法律初衷虽好，但颁布时已经为时已晚。

点拨 推断隐含意义的这类题干中通常含有infer，suggest，imply，conclude等标志性词语，正确选项的意思必须忠实于原文，但不能照搬原文，否则就变成了事实细节，而不是经过推断而得出的结论；同时也不能按照自己的常识主观臆断，比如在上面的例2中，同学们容易根据自己的生活认知，认为法律一般都是“严厉的”而误选D，但该法律是否严厉文中并没有相关的细节予以佐证。

2. 推断观点态度

例3 （2015新课标Ⅱ卷） Sometimes this technique would not work， and I had to pick up the set and shake it to remove the sound. I actually began to build up my arm muscles shaking my set … At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist， and it stopped working altogether. My trip to the repair shop cost me $62， and the set is working well now， but I keep expecting more trouble.

24. How does the author sound when telling the story？

A. Curious B. Anxious

C. Cautious D. Humorous

解析 D。作者更换频道不能消除电视噪音时，就把它拿起来摇晃。本来是一件很吃力的事，但他说这样反而锻炼了手臂的肌肉。摇晃解决不了问题，作者最终采取用拳头敲击的方法，但适得其反，噪音倒是没了，但电视完全坏掉了。虽然最终拿到店里修好了，但作者还是一直等它不久后将出更多的麻烦。可以看出，电视噪音虽然令人恼火，但作者的讲述语气却轻松诙谐。

例4 （2012全国卷Ⅰ） The law of overlearning explains why cramming for an examination， though it may result in a passing grade， is not a satisfactory way to learn a college course. By cramming， a student may learn the subject well enough to get by on the examination， but he is likely soon to forget almost everything he learned.

71. What is the authors opinion on cramming？

A. It leads to failure in college exams.

B. Its helpful only in a limited way.

C. Its possible to result in poor memory.

D. It increases students learning interest.

解析 B。根据上段可知，作者并不完全否定突击式学习，这种方法对学生通过考试还是有帮助的，但作者同时认为，对于大学课程的学习，这种方法并不令人满意，因为靠这种方法学的东西很容易遗忘。综合来说，突击式学习的作用“有限”。

点拨 推断观点态度的这类题干中通常含有think，sound，attitude，opinion，view等标志性词语；备选项中也通常包含一些评价性的词语，如：objective，neutral，positive，negative，indifferent，sarcastic，critical，optimistic，pessimistic。解题时注意文中形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子的感情色彩，才能推断出作者的言外之意。

3. 推断写作目的

例5 （2013新课标Ⅰ卷） Ive made living looking for the best deals and exposing the worst tricks ...I tell you this because there is no shame in getting your moneys worth. Im also tightfisted when it comes to shoes， clothes for my children， and expensive restaurants. But I wouldnt hesitate to spend on a good haircut. It keeps its shape longer， and its the first thing people notice. And I will also spend on a classic piece of furniture. Quality lasts.

59. What does the author want to tell us？

A. How to expose bad tricks.

B. How to reserve airline seats.

C. How to spend money wisely.

D. How to make a business deal.

解析 C。作者认为既然花了钱，那么就理应得到对等的价值，这绝不是什么羞耻的事。而且作者花钱是有选择性的，对于衣服、鞋子和价格昂贵的餐馆，作者是比较吝啬的，但对于发型、家具等价值持久的东西，作者花起钱来却不犹豫。作者想要告诉读者怎样像她一样明智地花钱。

例6 （2012全国卷Ⅱ） ADDIS ABABA， Ethiopia—One of the worlds most famous fossils—the 3.2 million-year-old Lucy skeleton unearthed in Ethiopia in 1974—will go on an exhibition tour abroad for the first time in the United States， officials said Tuesday.

53. The author writes this text mainly to .

A. introduce a few U.S. museums

B. describe some research work

C. discuss the value of an ape-man

D. report a coming event

解析 D。根据will go on an exhibition tour abroad可知，一块来自埃塞俄比亚的化石将在美国巡展，该化石世界闻名，这也是它首次在国外巡展。下文紧接着对这块化石作了介绍并告知了这次巡展的天数和具体地点。由此可知，该文的目的是让读者知晓一件即将来临的巡展事件。

点拨 推断写作目的这类题干中通常含有purpose，（in order） to，intend，mean，want to等标志性词语。它考查的可能是整篇文章的写作目的，也可能是某处细节的写作意图。一般来说，我们可以根据文体类别初步推断出写作目的。

4. 推断文章出处

例7 （2012全国卷Ⅱ） You may think that sailing is a difficult sport， but it is really not hard to learn it. You do not need to be strong. But you need to be quick. And you need to understand a few basic rules about the wind ...

48. Where can you probably find the text？

A. In a popular magazine

B. In a tourist guidebook

C. In a physics textbook

D. In an official report

解析 A。这一段讲的是学习帆船运动的总体要求，即学习者不一定要强壮，但要灵敏迅速，并且要了解风向的基本规则。全文采取总分结构，下面紧接着讲的是帆船在风向不同时的具体操作方法，语言平易，所以文章应来自一本与运动有关的大众杂志。

点拨 这类问题应从文章的内容、表述对象、语言特点着手来判断其出处。