洛杉矶市中心第九高中演艺中心

2016-11-02美国洛杉矶市20022008

世界建筑导报 2016年2期

关键词：格兰塔楼洛杉矶

美国洛杉矶市 (2002-2008)

洛杉矶市中心第九高中演艺中心

美国洛杉矶市 (2002-2008)

业主：洛杉矶联合校区

规划设计：蓝天组建筑设计事务所

设计主持：沃尔夫•狄•普瑞克斯

设计建筑师：Karolin Schmidbaur, Dionicio Valdez

灯光设计：华盛顿特区George Sexton联合公司

基地面积： 38 578平方米

总建筑面积：31 138平方米

图片：Roland Halbe, Duccio Malagamba

制图：蓝天组

Client: LAUSD – Los Angeles Unified School District, CA, USA

Planning: COOP HIMMELB(L)AU – Wolf D. Prix, Helmut Swiczinsky,

Wolfdieter Dreibholz ZT GmbH

Design Principal: Wolf D. Prix

Design Architects: Karolin Schmidbaur, Dionicio Valdez

Site Area: 39 578 m²

Gross Floor Area: 31 138 m²

Images: © Roland Halbe；© Duccio Malagamba

Plans: © COOP HIMMELB(L)AU

三座富有雕塑特色的建筑物犹如国际象棋的棋子一般，矗立在第九高中的校园中：象征艺术的塔楼，剧院大厅和位于中间的图书馆。在学校的主要入口处，通过24米宽的大台阶，可以看到这三座建筑物。项目选址于洛杉矶城市中心，与格兰大街走廊仅间隔了一条101公路。沿洛杉矶市区最热闹的一条要道边缘，可直接望见学校。正是由于该项目的中心位置，蓝天组才决定以此为出发点来设计学校的建筑理念。利用建筑在高中学校内打造一片公共空间，同时提供艺术表演，这就是本项目对教育和社区的主要贡献，这在当今洛杉矶的公立学校建筑中也是独一无二的。

视觉艺术、表演艺术、音乐和舞蹈等四个学院为1800名学生提供各类设施，包括教室、工作室和行政区域等。公共区域围绕学校的主操场分为：图书馆、表演艺术中心（950个座位）、咖啡厅、行政区、科技活动室以及露天设施。

建筑符号——象棋理念

剧院综合体的结构包括前厅、大礼堂（含乐池）、舞台（包括顶部和后台）以及一个圆形露天剧场（含舞台区）。

剧院有950个座位，供学生掌握所有专业舞台的相关技术操作，表演对公众开放。

位于剧院顶部的塔楼融入了螺旋坡道元素，且坡道旋转成9字形，这是洛杉矶城市中一处引人注目的艺术标识。塔内空间是举办活动、会议和展览的场所，在此可以俯瞰全城。

图书馆是学习的场所，是知识的殿堂，在该项目中蓝天组将其设计为一座倾斜的平顶圆锥形建筑，并位于校园的中心位置。在图书馆内部，锥体提供了一个大型的开放空间，光源则来自顶部的圆形天窗。设计创造了一个开阔、动感而又含蓄、集中的空间，适合人们在其中思考和专心致志地学习。

四座教学大楼形成了学校内操场的边界。每个学院以及其他的公共教育区和行政区都位于这座功能性建筑群内。每座建筑都与一个中央走廊相连，中央走廊同时兼具展馆的功能。宽敞开阔的公共阶梯在进出口都设置了门哨，形成了内外部的过渡空间。每座学院大楼都设有普通教室、艺术工作室、工作室和卫星楼管理中心。

Like chess figures three sculptural buildings dominate the campus of the High School #9: a tower as sign for the arts, a public lobby, and the library in the center. All three buildings can be seen from the main school entrance via a 24 m wide grand stair. The central location of the site downtown, separated from the Grand Avenue corridor by the 101 freeway and thus visually exposed along the edge of one of the most widely used thoroughfares in downtown Los Angeles, served Coop Himmelb(l)au as the point of departure for the architectural concept for the school. To provide public spaces within a high school through the architecture and supported by the performing arts program is one of the main contributions of this project to education and the community, and unique in contemporary public school buildings in Los Angeles.

The facilities for the four academies for Visual Arts, Performing Arts, Music and Dance are used by about 1,800 students and include classrooms, studios and administrative spaces. Shared spaces are grouped around the main school courtyard: the library, a public 950 seat performing arts theater, a cafeteria, administrations spaces, science rooms, and open air facilities.

Architectural Signs – Chess Concept

The theater complex consists of the entrance lobby, main auditorium with orchestra pit, stage with fly loft, back stage, and an outdoor amphitheater with stage area.

The theater with a seating capacity of 950 visitors will allow the students to learn all technical aspects of operating on a professional stage and will be open to the public for performances.

A tower with spiralling ramp in the shape of the number 9 is located on top of the theater’s fly-loft serves as a widely visible sign for the arts in the city. Inside the tower, an event, conference and exhibition space with a view across the city is located.

As the symbol for learning and education the library is formally expressed through a slanted, truncated cone and placed in the center of the school courtyard. Inside, the cone provides a large open space illuminated from above by a circular skylight. This offers an open, dynamic, but introverted and concentrated space for contemplation and focused learning.

The four classroom buildings form the perimeter of the school’s interior courtyards. The functional boxes house one academy each as well as other shared educational and administrative spaces. Each building is organized with a central corridor which doubles as an exhibition gallery. Generous open public stairways with lookout points to the exterior and expressive entrances serve as transition spaces between the exterior and interior. Each academy building houses its general classrooms, artstudios, workrooms, and satellite administration spaces.

沿着格兰大街和场地周围的战略高点都装上了大块的圆形窗户，形成了一种独树一帜、生气勃勃的外观，路人可以看到学校里的活动。同样，建筑内的学生也能够以不断变化的视角审视这个城市。

除了在格兰大街的公共入口，七座建筑物又围合出一个具有代表性的主入口。24米宽的开放式大台阶直接通向学校的主操场，中间是圆锥形的图书馆，后面是剧院和塔楼。主入口被设计成一个大台阶，象征着学生在学校的生活和教育是其人生的一个决定性阶段。

材质和色彩概念

项目采用的材质和色彩是建筑构想的重要部分。三座极富雕塑特色的建筑物，即塔楼、剧院大厅和图书馆，外覆喷沙亚光不锈钢，其浅反射表面增加了建筑的雕塑感，使其显得与校园里其他建筑物截然不同。

为达到最佳隔音效果，采用了露石混凝土作为剧院的结构端外部材料，其重量和无孔性塑造出一种强烈的抽象形式，可以看到举办专场活动的内部隐藏空间。

沿着格兰大街就能发现视觉艺术大楼，外覆涂满深灰粉末的铝板，立面装饰着不规则的圆形玻璃，使其显得格外引人注目。

坐落在校园后方的舞蹈、音乐和行政大楼，外涂光滑的灰浆。

环保、节能和建筑服务理念

建筑内部应用了以下几种策略来提高能源效率：

• 所有建筑物采用了整体空间规模，以实现功能和形式的合成效应• 采用了有效的管道分布格局，避免密实空间长期闲置

• 减少智能配置供应区域的空气调节量，送回空气调节器，避免浪费能源调节未用空间

除了专用房间外，所有区域都安装了活动窗，让新鲜空气流通，达到良好的通风效果。另外，每间教室都安装了独立的暖通空调系统。

Along Grand Avenue and at strategic viewpoints around the site large round windows are placed to create a distinct and lively exterior and to allow passers by a glimpse of the activities within the school. Likewise, students inside the buildings will have visual contact with the city with constantly changing perspectives and frames.

In addition to the public entrance on Grand Avenue the seven buildings frame the representational main school entrance. A 24 m wide grand open stair leads directly into the main school courtyard with the conical library in its center and theater and tower in the background. The main entrance symbolically sets the stage for the students to experience this school as a decisive stage in their life and education.

Material and colour concept

The materials and colours chosen for the project are an integral part of the architectural conception. The three sculptural forms - the tower, lobby and library - are clad in bead blasted stainless steel. Its softly reflective surface enhances the sculptural quality of the buildings and sets them apart from the rest of the campus.

For acoustical reasons exposed concrete was chosen as the structural end exterior material of the theater. Its heaviness and the absence of openings create a powerful abstract form in whose hidden interior the space for special events can be found.

The visual arts building – situated visibly along Grand Avenue – is clad elegantly in dark grey powder coated aluminum panels and accentuated through a façade of irregular round windows.

The dance, music and administration buildings towards the back of the campus are clad in smooth grey plaster.

Environmental, Energy and Building Services Concepts

Inside the buildings several strategies are employed to enhance energy efficiency:

• Integrated space planning for all buildings to create a synergy of function and form

• Most effective duct distribution layout to avoid excess unused plenum space

• Reduce volume of conditioned space to the area where people are through intelligent placement of supply and return air registers, instead of conditioning unused space.

• Operable windows in all spaces except specialty rooms to allow for fresh air to contribute to space ventilation. In addition, separate HVAC controls for each classroom.

Central Los Angeles Area High School #9 for the Visual and Performing Arts

Los Angeles, USA (2002-2008)