中考英语高频考词看看“它”
2016-10-26邱世才
□邱世才
中考英语高频考词看看“它”
□邱世才
it的基本意思是“它”。小小it一词在中考题中频繁出现,成为中考选择题中的一道亮丽风景线。综观近年来的考查,主要侧重于以下5个热点。
【考查热点一】代词it与代词one辨析的考查
【体验中考】
1.Could you record the football game for me?I can watch_______ later.
A.it B.one C.this D.that(河北卷)
【知识梳理】it代替上文出现过的名词,但it通常代替上文所提事物本身,有特指作用,即同类同物。it既可代替可数名词单数,也可代替不可数名词。one指代上文中出现的可数名词单数形式。one指代的名词与上文中出现的名词不是同一事物,而是同类事物中的另外一个,即同类异物。另外,one作数词表示“一个”,与不定冠词a相同,在表示“一”与其他数词同时出现时,用a(an)或one都可以。如例题:
Do you have toys?I'd like to buy________ for my cousin.
A.it B.one C.this D.that(河北卷)
考查指示代词的用法。句意为“你卖玩具吗?我想给我的堂弟买一个”。这里就考查one“一个”,泛指同一类事物的用法。而不选用上文中已出现过的特指“那一个”it。
特别链接:
(1)在第一次提到某物时,可用this或that指代,以后再出现此物时,用it来替代this或that。即用来指代事物或前面提到过的事物或情况。如:
—What's this?这是什么?
—It's a watch.这是一块手表。
Look!That's a car.It is a Japanese car.看,那是辆小汽车,是一辆日本小汽车。
(2)it用来指人。指说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人,常用于“打电话”或“敲门”的口语中;用来指代性别不详的婴儿。如:
—Who is it?“是谁?”
—It's me.“是我”。
(3)it用来指代天气、时间、距离、地点等。如:
It is 500 meters from my home to our school.从我家到学校有五百米。
【考查热点二】代词it作宾语的考查【体验中考】
2.Most young peop le find________exciting to watch a football match.
A.it B.this C.that D.one(兰州卷)
【知识梳理】it常用来代替上文出现过的名词,并在句中作宾语。不定式或动名词短语作宾语时,如果后有宾补,常用it作形式宾语,而把真正的宾语放在宾补后面。其中“find/feel/think+it(形式宾语)+形容词或名词(补足语)+不定式(真正主语)”是考查的亮点。
【考查热点三】代词it作形式主语的考查
【体验中考】
3.________that they haven't known the news.
A.It seems B.It seemed
C.They seem D.They seemed(兰州卷)4.It took me two weeks_______reading the novels written by Guo Jingming.
A.finish B.to finish
C.finishes D.finishing(广东卷)
【知识梳理】it作形式主语的考查主要侧重于以下句型中:
(1)It's time for sb.to do sth./It's time for sth.(到……的时候了);(2)It takes sb.some time to do do sth.(某人花……时间做某事);(3)It costs/cost sb.some money to do sth.(某人花……钱做某事);(4)It seems/seemed that...(看起来好像);(5)It is one's turn to do sth.(轮到某人做某事);(6)It is/has been+时间段+since+一般过去时(自从……以来已过了……时间);(7)It looks(seems)as if...(看起来好像……),as if引导状语从句等句式的考查。
特别链接:
(1)It is+ad j.+that从句的特点是:it是形式主语,真正的主语是由that引导的从句。若that从句放在句首,显得太长。英语中常用it作形式主语代替真正的主语that从句。这类句型往往是由开头引出的句子在开头作主语,在此没有实际意义,但不能省略。如:
It is certain that he will come to our evening party.他能来参加我们的晚会是肯定无疑的。
(2)It seems that....表示“似乎……”,It seems/seemed that...“看起来好像”,that在此也引导的是主语从句,前面的it是形式主语。此句型常常可与sb./sth.seems to do...进行改写。如:
It seems that he has known everything./He seems to have known ev⁃erything.他似乎已经知道一切了。
【考查热点四】“It's+名词/形容词+(for/of sb.)+不定式(to do)”结构的考查
【体验中考】
5.It's dangerous________ with the wild animal.
A.for us to p lay B.of us playing
C.for us p laying D.of us to p lay(湖北卷)
【知识梳理】“It's+形容词+不定式”结构中,常用of或for引出不定式的行为者,究竟用of sb.还是用for sb.,取决于of或for前面的形容词。若形容词是描述不定式行为者的性格、品质的,如nice,good,kind,clever,fool⁃ish,right,wrong,polite,careless等,用of sb.;如果形容词仅仅是描述事物,不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价的,用for sb.,这类形容词有hard,dif⁃ficult,easy,important,dangerous,impossible,possible等。如:
It's clever of you to work out the maths problem.你真聪明,解出了这道数学题。
It's very kind of you to help me.你能帮助我,真好。
It's very dangerous for the children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说穿过繁忙的街道是十分危险的。
特别链接:
it's与its的“一点”之别。it's意为“它是”,它是it is的缩略形式,在句首时,两者可以通用,表示“它是”,常用于句首。它用来指代物或事,既可代替近距离的物,又可以代替远距离的物。如:
This is a computer.It is/It's my sister's computer.这是一台电脑,它是我妹妹的电脑。
在对一般疑问句,作肯定回答时,在yes之后只能用it is,而不能用it's。it's不能用在句子末尾,因为在肯定回答时,此时应重读。如:
—Is this a pencil?这是一支铅笔吗?
—Yes,it is.是的。
its意为“它的”,它是it的物主代词,既可用作名词性物主代词,又可用作形容词性物主代词,用作形容词性物主代词,用来修饰名词。如:
This is a cat.Its name is M im i.这是一只猫,它的名字叫咪咪。
【考查热点五】“It's+said/reported that+从句”结构的考查
【体验中考】
6._______is said that_______ tourists visit Geyuan Garden every day.
A.That;thousand of B.It;five thousand of
C.It;thousands of D.This;three thousand(江苏卷)
【知识梳理】It's+said/reported/claimed…that+从句,是含有被动语态结构的句型。此类句型的特点是:充当形容词成分的是动词过去分词,常见结构有:
It is said...(据说……),It is reported(据报道……),It's thought that...(据认为……),It's known that.../It's well-known that...(众所周知……),It's suggested that...(据建议……),It's proved that...(据证明……)等。如:
It is reported that there will be a concert this Sunday evening.据报道,本周日晚有一场音乐会。
It is said that many years ago the first types of clothes were made of animal skins.据说很多年前最初款式的衣服是由动物毛皮制成的。
参考答案:1.A 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.C