银杏叶提取物对肠炎小鼠肠黏膜通透性的影响
2016-10-21赵红伟岳月红河北省人民医院消化内科河北石家庄05005河北省人民医院神经内科河北石家庄05005河北省新乐市医院消化内科河北新乐050700
赵红伟 岳月红 康 薇.河北省人民医院消化内科,河北石家庄05005;.河北省人民医院神经内科,河北石家庄05005;.河北省新乐市医院消化内科,河北新乐050700
银杏叶提取物对肠炎小鼠肠黏膜通透性的影响
赵红伟1岳月红2康薇3
1.河北省人民医院消化内科,河北石家庄050051;2.河北省人民医院神经内科,河北石家庄050051;3.河北省新乐市医院消化内科,河北新乐050700
目的探索银杏叶提取物(EGB 761)对肠炎模型小鼠肠黏膜通透性的影响。方法30只C57BL/6小鼠随机分为正常组(10只)、模型组(10只)、EGB 761组(10只),建立急性结肠炎小鼠模型。观察小鼠一般情况及结肠病理变化;应用偶氮基质显色法测定血清中脂多糖(LPS)的含量;采用异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC-D)标记的右旋葡聚糖法以及细菌移位来检测肠黏膜通透性;免疫荧光染色及组织化学测定结肠组织中occludin、Claudin-1蛋白的变化。结果经EGB 761治疗后模型小鼠的一般情况及结肠组织病理学表现均有明显改善,EGB 761组小鼠血清中LPS的含量(0.14±0.04)与模型组(0.20±0.06)比较明显降低(P<0.01);EGB 761组FITC-D的渗透率与模型组(4200.80±326.60)比较明显降低(P<0.01);EGB 761组细菌移位率(40%)与模型组(80%)比较也明显降低(P<0.01)。免疫荧光染色及组织化学染色结果显示,EGB 761组可增加Claudin-1、occludin蛋白阳性细胞染色。结论EGB 76可降低肠炎模型小鼠肠黏膜的通透性。
EGB 761;急性肠炎;动物模型;肠黏膜通透性
[Abstract]objective To investigate the effects of Gingko Biloba extract on the intestinal mucosal permeability in the colitis.Methods Thirty of C57BL/6 mice were randomly grouped as follows:control group(10 mice),model group(10 mice),EGB 761 group(10 mice).Models of acute colitis were established,general condition and colon pathological changes were observed,the serum of LPS was detected by Azo matrix chromogenic method;intestinal mucosal permeability were detected by FITC-D and bacterial translocation,the expressions of occludin and Claudin-1 proteins were detected by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry.Results General condition and colon pathological were changed in the EGB 761 group compared with that of the model group;serum levels of the LPS in the EGB 761 group(0.14±0.04)was obviously decreased compared with those of the model group(0.20±0.06)(P<0.01);the level of the FITC-D in EGB 761 group was decreased obviously(1266.40±222.90)compared with that of the model group(4200.80±326.60)(P<0.01);Bacterial translocation was significantly decreased in the EGB 761 group(40%)compared with the model group(80%)(P<0.01);the results of immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining showed that the expressions of the Claudin-1 and occludin proteins in colonic tissues increased in EGB 761 group.Conclusion The administration of EGB 761 may be adjusted the intestinal mucosal permeability in the acute experimental colitis.
[Key words]EGB 761;Acute colitis;Animal model;Intestinal mucosal permeability
溃疡性结肠炎(Ulcerative colitis,UC)是一种慢性反复发作的肠道炎症性病变,目前多数人认为该病是在一定环境下使肠道黏膜屏障的作用削弱,肠黏膜的通透性增高,致使肠道的致病菌群容易穿过其屏障,从而导致炎症反复发生[1-5],可见肠道黏膜通透性的增高与UC的发生有着紧密的联系[6-12]。有研究表明,银杏叶提取物761(Ginkgo Biloba extract 761,GBE 761)对该病有治疗作用,但是否对肠黏膜屏障的通透性有调节作用仍需进一步研究。
1 对象与方法
1.1试剂与造模方法
右旋葡聚糖硫酸钠(DSS)(Sigma公司,美国);银杏叶提取物(EGB 761,金纳多注射液,德国威玛舒培药厂,批号:7320400);异硫氰酸荧光素(FITC)-Dextrans Sigma显色基质鲎试剂盒(上海榕柏生物技术有限公司);鼠抗闭合蛋白(occludin)、Claudin-1抗体(美国Santa Cruz公司)。急性期造模及EGB 761干预:30只雄性C57BL/6小鼠购于北京维通利华实验动物技术有限公司[合格证号:SCXK(京)2006-0009],体重19~24 g;9~13周。按随机数字表随机分为正常组(10只)、模型组(10只)、EGB 761组(10只)。模型组动物自由饮用2%DSS,持续1周,正常组及EGB 761组动物饮用蒸馏水,持续1周。EGB 761组小鼠从实验开始至结束,每天予EGB 761(200 mg/kg)1 mL灌肠;正常组和模型组予PBS灌肠作对照,时间均为1周,第8天处死所有动物。
1.2小鼠一般情况及结肠病理组织染色
观察动物的体重、毛发光泽度、精神状态、大便性状、活动情况、食欲等。造模后处死小鼠,取部分结肠组织置于多聚甲醛内固定、包埋、切片,HE染色,行组织病理学观察。
1.3脂多糖(LPS)含量的测定
实验结束后,应用注射器行心脏穿刺取血,取血后以3000 r/min离心15 min,取出血清,按试剂盒说明书应用偶氮基质显色法测定LPS含量。
1.4结肠黏膜的通透性的检测
实验结束前4 h动物禁食水,应用FITC-D灌胃,(60 mg FITC-D/100 g),然后采取血清,应用荧光分光光度计检测每个样本的荧光密度,计算出每只小鼠血清中FITC-D的浓度。
1.5肠系膜淋巴结细菌移位率的检测
实验结束后,用无菌剪刀剪取小鼠的全部肠系膜淋巴结(Mesenteric lymph nodes,MLN),称重后并匀浆,将匀浆组织各0.1 mL分别涂在普通琼脂培养基上37℃孵箱中培养24 h。计算细菌移位率,细菌移位率=(阳性的只数/培养的总只数)×100%。
1.6结肠黏膜免疫组织化学及荧光染色
实验结束后,截取结肠组织行冰冻切片,严格按照实验步骤,一抗Claudin-1、occludin蛋白在37℃孵育2 h,洗涤,二抗37℃孵育30 min,结束后在光镜下观察Claudin-1、occludin蛋白的表达。免疫荧光染色:其他步骤同上,二抗滴加标记红色荧光的抗小鼠Cy3,室温1 h,红色的亮光为阳性表达。在阴性对照组中应用PBS替代一抗,其他的方法同上。
1.7统计学方法
采用SPSS 13.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料数据用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;计数资料用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1小鼠的一般情况
正常组的小鼠大便、饮食、精神状态正常、体重增加、毛发光泽;模型组小鼠第1天一般状况较正常;第3天开始出现食欲、体重下降,精神萎靡,懒于活动,毛发无光泽,拉稀便或黏液血便;第5天上述各种症状明显加重,粪便潜血试验呈强阳性;第7天小鼠体重减轻明显,肛周可见肉眼血便。EGB 761组第5~7天后,稀便,未见脓血便,状态接近正常,但体重仍明显减轻。
2.2 EGB 761对小鼠结肠组织病理学表现的影响
正常组小鼠结肠黏膜光滑,无水肿、充血等表现;模型组结肠黏膜缺损,可见黏膜、黏膜下层大量炎症细胞浸润,隐窝增生;EGB 761组可见炎症细胞浸润少,炎症程度较模型组明显减轻。见图1。
图1 各组小鼠结肠黏膜组织病理学表现(HE染色,200×)
2.3 EGB 761对血清LPS、细菌移位率及FITC-D渗透率的影响
与模型组比较,正常组及EGB 761组血清中LPS的含量、结肠黏膜FITC-D渗透率、细菌移位率明显降低(P<0.01)。见表1。
表1 各组小鼠肠黏膜通透性检测结果比较(x±s)
2.4免疫组织化学染色法检测Claudin-1、occludin蛋白定位分布
通过光镜观察正常组Claudin-1、occludin蛋白,阳性细胞主要呈棕黄色或褐色,分布于结肠组织上皮细胞的边缘以及细胞膜的顶端,均匀连续分布;模型组的蛋白分布不均染色变淡,线条模糊,边缘粗糙有刺状突起;EGB 761组Claudin-1、occludin蛋白在结肠黏膜上皮层中分布均匀,线条清晰。见图2~3。
图2 各组小鼠结肠组织4Claudin-1蛋白的表达(免疫组织化学染色,200×)
图3 各组小鼠结肠组织中occludin蛋白的表达(免疫组织化学染色,200×)
2.5免疫荧光染色检测结肠黏膜occludin和Claudin-1蛋白的定位分布
在激光共聚焦的显微镜下看到的Claudin-1和occludin蛋白均呈红色光亮,在正常组中Claudin-1、occludin蛋白染色可见红色的亮光沿细胞的胞膜分布,呈强光,细胞的胞膜边缘较光滑;在模型组中可见看到,红色的光亮沿细胞胞膜散在分布,荧光强度减弱;EGB 761组荧光仍沿胞膜分布,强度较强于模型组。见图4~5(封三)。
3 讨论
UC是一种病因不明的、高复发的肠道炎症性疾病,研究显示UC在各种微生物抗原刺激下,肠黏膜屏障通透性增高,使肠道致病菌群穿过黏膜屏障,激活体内免疫系统被激活,各种炎症细胞活化,肠黏膜组织产生炎性反应,而肠黏膜通透性,居于中心地位,可能是UC发病的始动因素,所以提高肠道黏膜屏障,降低其通透性可能为该病提供一个新思路。在正常的情况下,肠道有完整的黏膜屏障,可以阻止有毒物质通过[13-16],UC发病时,肠黏膜屏障通透性增高[17-18]。
GBE 761广泛用于治疗呼吸系统、心脑血管系统等疾病,有调节循环系统、改善血液循环、保护组织等作用。GBE 761可通过抑制炎症细胞因子的表达,如肿瘤坏死因子-α、NF-κBp65、白介素-6,从而对大鼠实验性结肠炎具有保护作用,同时GBE 76灌肠也能抑制大鼠结肠炎的炎症细胞因子的分泌,减轻肠道炎性反应,减少肠黏膜的损伤[19-20]。
实验结果显示,GBE 761干预有促进动物食欲效果导致动物体重迅速增加;减少肠道出血和炎症细胞的浸润,正常组FITC-D含量、细菌移位率及LPS的含量降低。GBE 761干预使紧密连接蛋白分布于细胞边缘,沿细胞膜分布,加强了紧密连接,降低了黏膜的通透性;由此可见,GBE 761可降低肠黏膜通透性、降低肠道炎性反应,减轻肠黏膜病理反应,对UC的治疗有一定作用。
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Effects of Gingko Biloba extract on the intestinal mucosal permeability in the colitis
ZHAO Hongwei1YUE Yuehong2KANG Wei3
1.Department of Gastroenterology,Hebei General Hospital,Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang050051,China;2.Department of Neurology,Hebei General Hospital,Hebei Province,Shijiazhuang050051,China;3.Department of Gastroenterology,Xinle Hospitel,Hebei Province,Xinle050700,China
R574
A
1674-4721(2016)09(a)-0008-04
2016-06-06本文编辑:任念)
河北省中医药管理局科研计划项目(2016180)。
赵红伟(1979-),女,博士,研究方向:消化病。