外国摄影师的重庆缘分

□ 文/本刊记者 李静



外国摄影师的重庆缘分

□ 文/本刊记者 李静

“一千个读者有一千个哈姆雷特。”每个人对同一幅画、同一首诗歌、同一部电影的理解都不尽相同。因此每一个个体对一座城市的解读更是千差万别。作为一个土生土长的重庆人，难免对重庆产生一种“情人眼里出西施”的偏爱。而在外国友人的眼里，重庆又是怎样的呢？

随着重庆在世界的影响力越来越大，每年来重庆旅游的外国人日益增多，常驻重庆的外籍人士也有一万多，重庆的独特魅力不仅吸引着国人，也吸引了许多外国摄影师来到重庆，用手里的相机拍摄他们眼里不一样的城市风情。本期，我们来看看有哪些外国摄影师为重庆拍下了珍贵的画面，看看他们眼中的重庆是一座怎样的城市。

Sidney David Gamble 西德尼·戴维·甘博

他是美国著名的中国专家，社会经济学家，同时也是一名狂热的业余摄影师。他在1908至1932年期间4次造访中国，其中包括了问卷调查、实地访问、拍摄照片及影片。1917～1919年，他在对中国考察时，也在重庆拍摄了一组照片。在重庆，甘博到了万州、涪陵、铜梁、云阳等地，拍摄了许多当时的重庆人民生活的情况，从他的照片里也反映出了一系列的社会民生。

Carl Mydans 卡尔·迈当斯

1940年夏天，美国《生活》杂志摄影师Carl Mydans及妻子，与其他美国记者一起踏上亚洲之行，第一站，便是重庆。他为当时的重庆留下了一组珍贵的影像，这组难得的照片极大地反映了当时山城人民的生活状态。其中还包含两张重庆火锅的照片，这也是反映重庆火锅店营业历史最早的照片，它们承载了火锅历史的文化底蕴。

Dmitri Kessel 德米特里·凯塞尔

美国《生活》杂志摄影师Dmitri Kessel63年前的三峡之行，虽然因故没能在《生活》杂志上公诸于世，但无意间，几十年后唤回远逝的三峡往事。日前，由他于1946年拍摄的整组长江三峡老照片首度在中国公开，背后一段鲜为人知的拍摄故事随之浮出水面。

三峡之行，被凯塞尔认为是在《生活》工作期间最特别的经历。《生活》显然很喜欢这个举世瞩目的题材，对拍摄活动不吝巨资，准备浓墨重彩。当年壮美的夔门景观、峭壁之上险峻的古栈道、劈波斩浪的行船、高唱号子的纤夫等自然景观、人文生态为凯塞尔一一捕捉，并成为记录三峡往事的稀世之作。

“《生活》杂志很喜欢这个关于长江的故事，已排出了15个页面的照片”，1993年，年过89岁的凯塞尔曾在一次公开场合谈到这段难忘的拍摄经历，“当时与我一起干的还有约翰·汉西，他写了一整页的文字说明，是关于那些长江上的纤夫的。那些纤夫用绳子把船逆流拉上去，就像伏尔加河上的纤夫。”

这组三峡图片故事采用了老旧色调，流露饱经岁月沧桑所留下的浑厚味道。然而这组照片直到1956年6月才终于登上《生活》的版面。而此时，10年过去，中国已换了天地。

Tim Franco 提姆·弗兰科

法国摄影师，现居上海，他镜头中的重庆经常表现着一种过去与未来的交接变化，形成一种强烈的视觉冲突。

作为专职摄影师，Tim一直把拍照看成是生命的组成部分，他为许多中国设计公司、中国广告公司拍照，也为法国《世界报》《纽约时报》等拍摄新闻图片，在美国旧金山的画廊里，也可以看到他的作品。

2009年，因为要为一家杂志社拍摄一组城市的照片，Tim来到了重庆。第一次从照片上看重庆，Tim就被她独特的面貌吸引住了，城市就在山水之间。法国人浪漫，讲究一见钟情，这也许就是他对重庆的感受。从那以后，Tim便经常往来于上海与重庆之间，不论是商业拍摄，还是纯属个人喜好，他都会在重庆住一段时间，走街串巷，爬长长的石梯，每次都拍了一大叠照片后才回上海。据说，他已经把重庆当成了他的第二个家乡了，每次来渝，都不想再离开。

在他眼里，这座城市仿佛都在华丽转身，即使站在同一个拍摄点拍照，过一年再去，就会发现照片里又多了一些颜色，可能是一棵树、可能是一栋大楼。而他就是享受这种发现惊喜和改变的感觉，“重庆是一座有故事的城市。5年内重庆的发展就像其他国家10年、20年的发展进度，这太不可思议了。”

对Tim来说，拍照就是一个了解人们生活状态的一个过程，每一张照片背后都会有一个故事。重庆的火锅、长江索道、旧城改造、拔地而起的高楼、各具特色的商业中心、磁器口古镇等，Tim更希望把这些故事分享给世界各地的人们，让他们也了解重庆。一座城市，记忆很重要，这也是Tim喜欢拍照的原因之一，因为它们可以被永久保存。而这些照片，便是他作为一名外国友人对重庆的记忆。

Jens Schott Knudsen 孔彦森

丹麦摄影师。2015年3月底，孔彦森受丹麦格兰富公司的邀请，作为中丹摄影师团队的其中一员，来到重庆，进行了为期4天的拍摄交流。

孔彦森的家人和重庆也有着割不断的联系。孔彦森的曾表叔是一名铁路工程师，因为工作关系，他带着家人，于1917年前后受邀来到重庆，住在偏远的煤矿区，期间他还促成了北碚农村城镇模式的布局和古代四川都江堰灌溉系统的科学测量。在这之后，他没有离开四川，在78岁逝于重庆丰都。这一段家族历史让孔彦森对重庆产生了浓厚的兴趣。

在重庆采风拍摄的4天时间里，孔彦森走街串巷，用他的镜头记录下了眼中的山城印象。“进入重庆就可以闻到空气中弥漫的麻辣的气味，还有热闹的城市景象，山高起伏，江水环绕。”在孔彦森眼中，重庆是一座新旧融合的，有性格的城市，这里的人热情友好，让他印象深刻。他发现，在繁华的解放碑商圈背后，还隐藏着像鲁祖庙花市这样的充满地方特色的老街；他去过磁器口、鹅岭公园，坐缆车、爬南山。居高拍摄时，还意外发现许多重庆的老房子屋顶上都搭有一个很有特色的屋顶花园，人们喜欢在绿荫下闭目养神，时不时地摆弄下花草，呷一口茶，从他们悠闲自在的姿态，可以感受到他们对生活的享受与热爱。

孔彦森表示，与重庆的缘分远远不会结束，下一步将计划拍摄这里的城市景观和当地人文特色，除了像大礼堂、三峡博物馆这样具有重庆特色的建筑外，他还希望能寻找、拍摄到更多的不知名的却非常有特色的重庆建筑，将这座城市隐藏的魅力用他的方式展现出来。

Robert van der Hilst 罗伯特·凡德·休斯特

荷兰著名摄影大师，曾走访中国24个省份，走进两千多个中国家庭，拍摄了大型摄影作品集《中国人家》，并于2004年受邀担任中国平遥摄影节评委会主席。

2016年1月15日，罗伯特·凡德·休斯特的《渝光·余影：老重庆影像里的荷兰油画》摄影展在重庆中国三峡博物馆展出。这位被誉为欧洲“光影大师”的老人，用31张作品，拍摄了南岸区下浩、南山黄桷垭等老街中的老重庆人家生活情境，描绘出了背街小巷中的老重庆生活。

之所以选择拍摄南岸区，罗伯特表示是因为南岸区对于重庆来说，是很有代表性的地方。“住在老城区的人给我的感觉就是他们很享受住在老房子里面的感觉，他们很享受现在的生活状态，并不想急着搬出这里，到新修的大楼里面居住。”期间，罗伯特去了著名女作家三毛生活过的地方黄桷桠正街，还有弹子石大石坝等地方拍摄。让他惊讶的是，在南岸区繁华的商圈附近，竟然还留存着这些古旧的建筑。

重庆给他最深的印象便是这里的潮湿和炎热，而这里的人非常热情。提到拍摄重庆人家，罗伯特也表示，除了艰辛外，最大的问题就是重庆太热、潮湿，还有就是（马路）不停上上下下的感觉很棒。

"There are a thousand Hamlets in a thousand people's eyes.” Everyone has different understanding of the same picture, the same song, or the same movie. Therefore each individual has different interpretation of a city. As a native of Chongqing, it is inevitable for me to produce a preference of “Beauty is the eyes of the beholder”. Then what is Chongqing like in the eyes of foreigners?

With the infl uence that Chongqing is growing in the world, an increasing number of foreign tourists travel to Chongqing every year, resident expats have reached to more than 10,000 in Chongqing, Chongqing's unique charm not just attracts Chinese people, but has also attracted many foreign photographers to Chongqing, to shoot the beautiful scene of the city with their cameras. In this issue, we are going to take a look at those foreign photographers who have taken precious pictures of Chongqing, to see this city in their eyes.

Sidney David Gamble

A famous American China expert, socioeconomists, as well as a keen amateur photographer. Gamble has been to China 4 times during 1908-1932, including questionnaire surveys, field visits, photographs and films. And took a group of photos in Chongqing in 1917-1919, Gamble went to Wanzhou, Fuling, Tongliang, Yunyang and other places, and took a lot of photos about Chongqing people's life that refl ects a series of social and livelihood.

Carl Mydans

In summer of 1940, American photographer of the Life magazine, Carl Mydans, travelled to Asia with his wife, and their first stop was in Chongqing. He took a set of precious images about Chongqing which greatly reflected the life of people. There were also two old photos about Chongqing hot pot, which carry the hot pot history and cultural heritage.

Dmitri Kessel

American photographer of the Life magazine, Dmitri Kessel’s trip to the three gorges 63 years ago, which although did not come out, inadvertently it called back to far-away memories of the three gorges. Lately the entire set of old photos of the three gorges that were photographed by Dmitri Kessel in 1946 was open publicly in China for the fi rst time; the story behind shooting was fi nally given publicity.

The three gorges tour is considered the most special working experience by Kessel. The magnificence of Kui Gate, ancient plank road, cliffs and steep waves sailing, singing the songs of trackers and other natural landscapes, cultural ecology were captured one by one and recorded by Dmitri Kessel, which has became the rare works of Three gorges.

T h i s s e t o f three gorges picture stories used old colors, on a flow of materials—paper, with rich taste left by the war-torn years of vicissitudes, yet these photos were not published till June, 1956, when China has been changed the past 10 years.

Tim Franco

French photographer, now living in Shanghai, Chongqing in his camera is often represented transferring changes of past and future, forming a strong visual confl ict.

As a professional photographer, Tim considered photographing an integral part of his life, he photographed for many design companies and advertising companies in China, as well as shooting news photos for Le Monde, New York Times, you can see Tim's work at gallery in San Francisco of the United States.

In 2009, Tim came to Chongqing to shoot for a magazine. When first time saw photos of Chongqing, he was attracted by its unique look, urban landscape. Ever since that, Tim would travel frequently between Shanghai and Chongqing, whether commercial shoot or a matter of individual preference, he would live in Chongqing for a while, usually walking around, climbing the long stone staircase, each time he took a big pile of photographs about Chongqing. He has already considered Chongqing as his second home.

Every year this gorgeous city is changing, even standing at the same spot shooting photographs, you will find some new changes in the photo: it could be a tree, or possibly a building. He enjoys the feeling of capturing surprises and changes. "Chongqing is a city with story. In 5 years of the development, Chongqing is just like the development of 10 or 20 years in other countries, that's incredible.”

Jens Schott Knudsen

Denish photographer. In the end of March 2015, Jens Schott Knudsen came to Chongqing for a 4-day shooting exchanges under the invitation of Denmark Grand company as one of Danish photographers team.

Knudsen's uncle was a railway engineer who was sent to work in Chongqing with his family and lived in a coal mining area in 1917, during which he also contributed to the mode layout of rural town of Beibei and scientific measurements of the ancient Dujiangyan irrigation system. He never leave Sichuan after that, and died at the age of 78 died in Chongqing Fengdu.

During the four days of shooting in Chongqing, Knudsen used camera to record his impressions of this mountain city. In his eyes Chongqing is a combination of old and new, a city with great character, people here are warm and friendly.

Knudsen’s fate with Chongqing would never end in the future, he plans to shoot urban landscape and local cultural characteristics of Chongqing, besides going to Dalitang, the Three Gorges Museum, he also hopes to find more obscure but very special buildings in Chongqing, to discover hidden charm of the city.

Robert van der Hilst

A famous photographer in the Netherlands, who has visited 24 provinces of China, shooting more than 2000 households, and made a large collection of photographic works of the Chinese family, he was invited to serve as Chairman of the jury in Pingyao Photography Festival in 2004.

On January 15,2016, Hilst’s photography exhibition called Echoes of Dutch Golden Age Painting in the Fading Shadows of Old Chongqing was on display at the China Three Gorges Museum, Chongqing. This old man, who is known as the "master of light" in Europe painted the old Chongqing life with 31 of his works.These works mainly fi lmed the old Chongqing people’s life in Xiahao Street of Nan ' an District, and Huang Jiaoya Street in Nan Shan Moutain.

Foreign Photographers’ Fate of Chongqing

□ Written by Li J ing