经皮激光椎间盘汽化减压术联合胶原酶盘外溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症103例的临床疗效分析
2016-10-12邱鹏程潘略韬刘剑芬梁国滔朱芳丁
邱鹏程+潘略韬+刘剑芬+梁国滔+朱芳+丁翠华
"摘 要 目的:研究和分析经皮激光椎间盘汽化减压术(percutaneous laser disc decompression, PLDD)联合胶原酶盘外溶核术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的临床疗效。方法:以2011年1月—2014年1月我院收治的198例腰椎间盘突出症患者为研究对象,分为施行PLDD联合胶原酶盘外溶核术治疗的观察组(103例)和仅施行PLDD治疗的对照组(95例)。对这些患者均进行术后随访3 ~ 12个月,并按改良的MacNab疗效评定标准分析、比较PLDD联合胶原酶盘外溶核术与单用PLDD治疗的临床疗效。结果:观察组的近、中、远期有效率均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:PLDD联合胶原酶盘外溶核术治疗较单用PLDD治疗更有效,是治疗腰椎间盘突出症的有效方法。
关键词 腰椎间盘突出症 胶原酶盘外溶核术 经皮激光椎间盘汽化减压术
中图分类号:R681.53; R977.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)17-0016-03
Analysis of clinical curative effect of percutaneous laser disc decompression combined with collagenase chemonucleolysis on 103 cases with lumbar disc herniation
QIU Pengcheng*, PAN Luetao, LIU Jianfen, LIANG Guotao, ZHU Fang, DING Cuihua
(Department of Pain Management, The 4th Peoples Hospital of Nanhai District in Foshan City, Foshan 528211, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To study and analyze the clinical efficacy of percutaneous laser disc decompression (PLDD) combined with collagenase chemonucleolysis in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. Methods: One hundred and ninetyeight cases of patients with lumbar disc herniation treated in our hospital from January, 2011 to January, 2014 were divided an observation group (103 cases, underwent PLDD combined with collagenase chemonucleolysis) and a control group (95 cases, underwent only PLDD) and were followed up for 3 ~ 12 months. Their clinical efficacy was evaluated based on a modified MacNab evaluation criteria and then compared between two groups. Results: The effective rates of the near-, medium- and longterm were significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: PLDD combined with collagenase chemonucleolysis is more effective than only use of PLDD, so it is an effective therapy for lumbar disc herniation.
KEY WORDS lumbar disc herniation; collagenase chemonucleolysis; percutaneous laser disc decompression
腰椎间盘突出症(lumbar disc herniation, LDH)是由于腰椎间盘变性,纤维环破裂后髓核突出而刺激或压迫神经根、马尾神经所表现出的一系列临床症状和体征,是临床上的常见病和引起腰腿痛的最主要原因,严重的可造成患者残疾、丧失劳动能力。20世纪60年代起,LDH治疗逐渐步入了微创治疗时期。随着微创介入技术的发展,微创手术以其疗效确切、创伤小、并发症少等优点而成为LDH的首选治疗方法[1]。不过,因治疗范围比较有限,为更好地提高远期疗效,现通常采用微创手术联合胶原酶盘外溶核术的治疗方法,以充分发挥两者各自的优势[2-5]。我院在2011年1月—2014年1月期间采用经皮激光椎间盘汽化减压术(percutaneous laser disc decompression, PLDD)联合胶原酶盘外溶核术治疗LDH 103例,获得良好的治疗效果,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 临床资料
研究方案得到我院伦理委员会的批准。
回顾性分析2011年1月—2014年1月我院疼痛科收治的198例LDH患者的临床资料,他们的平均年龄为45.8岁,平均病史为19个月。这些患者均有明显的腰痛和下肢放射状疼痛症状,直腿抬高试验结果呈阳性,纤维环破裂、髓核突出范围在10 mm内,并经MRI检查确诊为LDH患者,保守治疗3个月以上无效或效果不佳,但均不伴有炎性反应、结核和肿瘤等疾病。对这些患者,施行PLDD联合胶原酶盘外溶核术治疗的有103例(观察组,男59例、女44例,年龄31 ~ 65岁,病史4个月 ~ 7年),仅施行PLDD治疗的有95例(对照组,男52例、女43例,年龄30 ~ 63岁,病史6个月 ~ 7年)。两组患者的年龄、性别和病史等基本相似,具有可比性。
摘 要 目的:回顾性总结胶原酶溶解术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效及不良反应,探讨胶原酶溶解术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床实用价值。方法:收集2006年1月至2015年12月经颈椎MRI扫描证实为颈椎间盘突出症,接受胶原酶溶解术治疗,且资料完整的2 769例患者进行疗效分析。结果: 2 769例中,疗效优1 440例(52.0%)、良787例(28.4%)、可351例(12.7%)、差191例(6.9%);优良率为80.4%,总有效率为93.1%。未发现明显不良反应。结论:胶原酶溶解术治疗颈椎间盘突出症安全、有效,其作用机制有待进一步研究。
关键词 胶原酶溶解术 颈椎间盘突出症 疗效分析
中图分类号:R681.53; R977.3 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-1533(2016)17-0014-02
Clinical analysis of collagenase chemonucleolysis in the treatment of 2 769 cases of cervical disc herniation
QIU Xiangzhong*, XIA Aimin, JIANG Shengchang, TANG Hao, ZHANG Xincheng, YI Zhengyu, LI Zhiqiang(Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, the Hospital affiliated to Traditional Chinese Medicine Institute
of Hunan Province, Changsha 410006, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: The clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of collagenase chemonucleolysis in the treatment of cervical disc herniation were retrospectively summarized and its clinical value was also discussed. Methods: Twenty-seven hundreds and sixty-nine cases of patients with cervical disc herniation undergoing collagenase chemonucleolysis with complete data were collected and the efficacy of treatment was analyzed. Results: There were 1 440 cases (52.0%) with excellent efficacy, 787 cases (28.4%) with good efficacy, 351 cases (12.7%) with medium efficacy and 191 cases (6.9%) with bad efficacy among 2 769 cases, in which the excellent rate and the total effective rate accounted for 80.4% and 93.1%. None of significant adverse reactions was found. Conclusion: Collagenase chemonucleolysis is safe and effective in the treatment of cervical disc herniation, however its mechanism of action remains to be further studied.
KEY WORDS collagenase chemonucleolysis; cervical disc herniation; efficacy analysis
为总结胶原酶溶解术治疗颈椎间盘突出症的临床疗效,对我科2006年1月至2015年12月对经颈椎MRI扫描证实为颈椎间盘突出症,接受胶原酶溶解术治疗,且资料完整的2 769例患者进行疗效分析,现报告如下。
1 临床资料
本组2 769例,男1 841例,女928例,年龄25~64岁,平均年龄42岁, 突出部位:颈3~4节突出543例,颈4~5节突出869例,颈5~6节突出791例,颈6~7节突出566例。所有病例均符合入选标准:①年龄≤60岁;②明确的单侧神经根性颈肩臂痛、上肢及手部的疼痛麻木等症状;③经非手术综合治疗4周无效;④所有患者均经MRI证实颈椎间盘突出;⑤知情同意接受治疗。同时排除:①合并颈椎管狭窄及后纵韧带钙化、椎体滑脱等颈椎不稳定;②有明显的脊髓变性症状,如四肢无力,走路“踩棉花感”等;③有其他脏器严重疾病和不适合做微创介入治疗的急慢性疾病,如明显的凝血功能障碍、未控制的代谢性疾病及怀孕者;④曾行其他治疗方法的患者,如传统手术或其他微创介入治疗(如射频消融术、髓核等离子成形术等)。
2 治疗方法
采用颈椎旁后入路穿刺方法[1],术前不常规使用镇静类药物,过度紧张患者可术前30 min予以肌注地西泮注射液10 mg。患者取患侧向上侧卧位,透视下确定要治疗节段棘突,并做好标记。常规消毒后铺无菌治疗巾,在所标记棘突旁开约3~5 cm以1%利多卡因皮丘局麻,以8 cm长7号针垂直旋刺入皮肤,向前略向内进针直至触及骨样感觉,将套在针体的穿刺深度标志物退至距皮肤1 cm处,然后再将针尖退至皮下,针尖稍向外刺至第1次触及骨样感觉部位偏外1 cm,继续缓慢进针,有可能出现感觉异常,提示针尖触及到脊神经。针尖一旦刺入椎旁间隙,注射空气会出现落空感。经C型臂X机证实穿刺针准确无误后,每间隙注射试验药物1%利多卡因l ml,避免脊麻征。必要时可以欧乃派克造影剂证实未刺破硬脊膜,确认无并发症后,每治疗阶段注入倍他米松l ml(原液l ml以灭菌注射用水稀释为2 ml)和胶原酶600 U(以灭菌注射用水1.5 ml稀释),患者保持手术体位回归病房后,患侧朝上侧卧位绝对卧床保持4~6 h。