磐安县部分女性MPS症状评分及影响因素分析
2016-09-24厉美珍单小兰
厉美珍,单小兰
(1.浙江省金华市磐安县妇幼保健院妇产科,浙江 金华 322300;2.浙江省东阳市中医院妇产科,浙江 金华322100)
磐安县部分女性MPS症状评分及影响因素分析
厉美珍1,单小兰2
(1.浙江省金华市磐安县妇幼保健院妇产科,浙江 金华 322300;2.浙江省东阳市中医院妇产科,浙江 金华322100)
目的探讨围绝经期综合征(MPS)女性更年期症状评分及危险因素。方法选择2011年1月至2013年12期间在金华市磐安县妇幼保健院妇产科就诊的78例MPS患者为研究对象,选择同期在我院健康体检的72例健康女性为对照组使用女性版围绝经期Greene量表评估更年期症状。对更年期症状相关危险因素进行单因素及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果两组学历、与子女关系、性格方面比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为5.838、6.086、5.788,均P<0.05),观察组Greene评分显著高于对照组(t=9.962,P<0.05)。78例MPS患者中,轻度围绝经期症状27例(34.62%),中度围绝经期症状48例(61.54%),重度围绝经期症状3例(3.85%)。观察组症候群1~3评分显著高于对照组(t值分别为3.168、4.913、2.963,均P<0.05),观察组症候群4评分显著低于对照组(t=2.082,P<0.05)。低文化程度症候群1~3评分显著高于高文化程度(t值分别为2.019、1.990、2.287,均P<0.05);性格内向的女性症候群1~3评分显著高于性格外向组(t值分别为3.000、1.022、1.077,均P<0.05),子女关系较差的组别症候群2~3评分显著高于与子女关系好组(t值分别为3.190、3.265,均P<0.05)。结论MPS女性更年期症状和与子女关系、学历、性格密切相关。文化程度、与子女关系、性格、症候群1、症候群2、症候群3为MPS更年期症状的主要影响因素。
围绝经期综合征;更年期症状评分;症候群;影响因素
[Abstract]Objective To study climacteric symptom scores and risk factor of female perimenopausal syndrome (PMS). Methods During January 2011 to December 2013 78 cases of PMS patients visiting department of gynecology and obstetrics in Pan’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jinhua in Zhejiang Province were selected as research objects in observation group. At the same period 72 cases of healthy women receiving physical examination in the hospital were selected as control group, and PMS were evaluated with female perimenopausal Greene scale. Menopausal symptom associated risk factors were analyzed by univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analysis. Results The differences between two groups in cultural degree, relationship with children, and personality were statistically significant (χ2value was 5.838, 6.086 and 5.788, respectively, allP<0.05). In the observation group Greene scores were significantly higher than in the control group (t=9.962,P<0.05). Among 78 cases of PMS, there were 27 cases (34.62%) with mild PMS, 48 cases (61.54%) with moderate menopausal symptoms, and 3 cases (3.85%) with severe menopausal symptoms, respectively. Compared with the control group, the observation group had remarkably higher scores of syndrome 1-3 (tvalue was 3.168, 4.913 and 2.963, respectively, allP<0.05) but lower score of syndrome 4 (t=2.082,P<0.05). The scores of low cultural degree syndrome 1-3 were obviously higher than those of high culture degree (tvalue was 2.019, 1.990 and 2.287, respectively, allP<0.05), and the scores of introverted female syndrome 1-3 were obviously higher than those of extroverted female syndromes (tvalue was 3.000, 1.022 and 1.077, respectively, allP<0.05). Scores of syndrome 2-3 of women with poor relationships with children were higher than those of women with good relationships with children (tvalue was 3.190 and 3.265, respectively, bothP<0.05). Conclusion MPS female menopausal symptoms are closely related to the relationships with children, educational level and personality. Cultural degree, relationships with children, personality, syndrome 1, 2 and 3 are risk factors of MPS menopausal symptoms.
[Key words]perimenopausal syndrome (PMS); menopausal symptoms score; syndrome; influencing factors
围绝经期综合征(perimenopausal syndrome,MPS)发生于女性40岁以后,发病率达85%以上,临床表现为绝经前后出现内分泌紊乱、免疫功能低下等症状[1-3]。MPS发病主要由下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴出现紊乱、雌激素水平下降引起,可严重影响女性生活质量[4-5]。本研究对金华市磐安县妇幼保健院妇产科78例MPS患者更年期症状进行评估,并对相关影响因素进行探讨。
1对象与方法
1.1研究对象
选择2011年1月至2013年12月期间在金华市磐安县妇幼保健院妇产科就诊的78例MPS患者为研究对象,均符合MPS诊断标准[6]。患者年龄45~55岁,平均为51.92±4.29岁。选择同期在本院健康体检的72例健康女性为对照组。
1.2纳入排除标准
纳入标准:①年龄45~55岁;②无卵巢切除史;③无全身系统疾病;④知情同意。排除标准:①有精神疾病史;②存在严重抑郁症状者;③有酒精药物滥用史;④有严重肝病史;⑤未完成随访者。
1.3观察指标
统计所有研究对象的一般资料,内容包括年龄、婚姻状况、文化程度、经济状况等方面。对更年期症状相关危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析。
1.4 Greene量表评分
使用女性版围绝经期Greene量表评估更年期症状,该表共包括21项症状表现,依据近1周的状况进行评分:0分:完全没有,1分:轻度,2分:中度,3分:重度。21项症状分为5个症候群。症候群1为焦虑症状,包括1~6:①心跳加速;②紧张不安感加强;③睡眠障碍;④焦躁,不安;⑤恐慌或不安;⑥无法集中注意力。症候群2为抑郁症状,包括7~11:⑦疲乏感增强;⑧对一般事物兴趣感减弱;⑨忧郁、不开心;⑩易哭泣;易怒。症候群3为躯体症状,包括12~18。症候群4为血管舒缩症状,包括19~20:热潮红;夜间流汗。症候群5为性功能:对性失去兴趣。
1.5统计学方法
使用SPSS 19.0软件,计数资料和计量资料分别执行χ2和t检验;对相关危险因素进行多因素Logistic回归分析,以P<0.05表示差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组一般资料比较
两组年龄、体重指数等资料比较无统计学差异(均P>0.05)。但两组在学历、与子女关系、性格方面比较,差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05),且观察组Greene评分显著高于对照组(P<0.05),见表1。
2.2围绝经期综合征女性临床表现
78例MPS患者中,轻度围绝经期症状27例(34.62%),中度围绝经期症状48例(61.54%),重度围绝经期症状3例(3.85%),患者临床表现主要包括失眠、疲劳、焦虑等,见表2。
2.3Greene量表症候群评分分析
观察组症候群1~3评分显著高于对照组(均P<0.05),观察组症候群4评分显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。低文化程度症候群1~3评分显著高于高文化程度(均P<0.05);性格内向的女性症候群1~3评分显著高于性格外向组(均P<0.05),子女关系较差的组别症候群2~3评分显著高于与子女关系好组(均P<0.05),见表3。
2.4围绝经期综合征患者出现更年期症状相关因素分析
对78例MPS分析结果显示,症候群1(95%CI:2.051~16.108)、症候群2(95%CI:2.217~19.281)、症候群3(95%CI:2.679~12.219)、学历(95%CI:6.502~19.012)、与子女关系(95%CI:2.758~17.108)、性格(95%CI:4.302~18.819)等因素和更年期症状关系密切,为其主要危险因素,见表4。
指标观察组(n=78)对照组(n=72)t/χ2P年龄(岁)51.89±5.1852.05±5.910.0130.922文化程度5.8380.016 大专及以上28(35.90)40(55.56) 大专以下50(64.10)32(45.71)体质量指数(kg/m2)21.16±2.8920.83±2.450.0620.830Greene量表评分(分)24.05±5.1912.51±4.219.9620.000与子女关系6.0860.014 好54(69.23)62(86.11) 一般或较差24(82.05)10(13.89)性格特征5.7880.016 内向56(71.79)38(52.78) 外向22(28.21)34(47.22)
表278例MPS女性临床症状
Table 2Clinical symptoms of 78 cases of PMS
症状例数(n)百分比(%)失眠4861.54疲劳4658.97抑郁3139.74潮热出汗3241.03头痛3544.87心悸2937.18焦虑4152.56
表3 不同项目Greene量表5个症候群评分对比
(转下表)
(续上表)
项目例数(n)症候群1症候群2症候群3症候群4症候群5文化程度 大专及以上280.81±0.48c0.67±0.52c0.71±0.51c1.15±0.670.91±0.62 大专以下501.06±0.560.99±0.621.07±0.631.04±0.530.82±0.52t2.0191.9902.2870.2130.299P0.0200.0390.0100.8920.900性格 外向220.79±0.45d0.66±0.48d0.70±0.52d1.09±0.630.87±0.63 内向561.07±0.561.03±0.631.06±0.631.05±0.510.79±0.52t3.0001.0221.0770.3020.313P0.0200.0400.0260.9030.897
注:与对照组比较,aP<0.05;与子女关系较差组比较,bP<0.05;与大专以下组比较,cP<0.05;与内向组比较,dP<0.05。
表4 MPS患者发生更年期症状危险因素的Logistic回归分析
3讨论
3.1围绝经期综合征女性临床症状
MPS患者由于卵巢功能减退,内分泌紊乱,激素分泌能力减弱,可出现激素水平紊乱、免疫力下降等临床症状。Bintvihok等[1]发现MPS女性临床主要症状为失眠、焦虑、抑郁、疲劳乏力等,可通过对下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴进行调节,改善MPS患者激素分泌失调症状,进而改善围绝经期症状。本研究中78例MPS患者中轻度围绝经期症状27例(34.62%),中度症状48例(61.54%),重度症状3例(3.85%),患者临床表现主要包括失眠、疲劳、焦虑等症状,这和文献报道相符[7-8]。
3.2不同项目Greene量表5个症候群评分
Polotsky等[2]的一项大规模临床调查显示,MPS女性在绝经前后可有内分泌紊乱、免疫功能低下表现,与骨质疏松症、自主神经功能紊乱等多种疾病有关,而患者更年期症状严重程度与患者自身学历、与子女关系及性格等均有关系。本研究结果显示,观察组症候群1~3评分显著高于对照组,观察组症候群4评分显著低于对照组。低文化程度症候群1~3评分显著高于高文化程度;性格内向的女性症候群1~3评分显著高于性格外向组,子女关系较差的组别症候群2~3评分显著高于与子女关系好组,学历较低的女性由于对围绝经期相关知识了解较少,可加重畏惧心理,患者心理与生理压力可加大;与子女关系较差的患者由于平时生活中缺少子女的关心与交流,无法像与子女关系好的女性那样感受到子女的呵护与关爱,因此容易滋生抑郁、烦躁、失落等不良情绪,可严重影响正常人际交往;性格内向的患者由于性格内向,面临不愉快的事情不易排解,压力较大,可进一步加重生理与心理压力,导致更年期症状加重。提示社会和家庭平时要多关注相关女性人群,加强交流,给予关爱。
3.3围绝经期综合征患者发生更年期症状的危险因素
Midei等[5]发现,与子女关系不融洽、学历低、性格内向等多种因素是MPS女性更年期症状加重的主要影响因素。本研究结果发现,低学历、与子女关系、性格内向、症候群1、症候群2、症候群3等因素和严重更年期症状密切相关,提示对此类人群尤其应该加强关注,以减轻相关更年期症状,提高此类女性的生活质量,以帮助此类人群更好地度过围绝经期。
综上所述,MPS女性更年期症状和与子女关系、学历、性格密切相关。文化程度、与子女关系、性格、症候群1、症候群2、症候群3,为MPS更年期症状的主要影响因素。
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[专业责任编辑:杨文方]
Climacteric symptom scores and influencing factors of perimenopausal syndrome of some women in Pan’an of Zhejiang Province
LI Mei-zhen1, SHAN Xiao-lan2
(1.Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Pan’an Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Jinhua in Zhejiang Province,Zhejiang Jinhua 322300, China;2.Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Zhejiang Province Dongyang City Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Zhejiang Jinhua 322100, China)
2014-10-18
厉美珍(1968-),女,副主任医师,主要从事所辖山区宫颈疾病规范管理工作。
10.3969/j.issn.1673-5293.2016.02.015
R711.5
A
1673-5293(2016)02-0191-04