Pim-3与NF-κB在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及相关性研究*
2016-07-15戴小丽韩中保杨友田刘一飞
戴小丽,韩中保,杨友田,邱 静,刘一飞
(1.盐城卫生职业技术学院临床医学院,江苏盐城 224005;2.江苏省盐城市第三人民医院病理科 224001;3.南通大学附属医院病理科 226001)
Pim-3与NF-κB在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达及相关性研究*
戴小丽1,韩中保1,杨友田1,邱静2,刘一飞3
(1.盐城卫生职业技术学院临床医学院,江苏盐城 224005;2.江苏省盐城市第三人民医院病理科224001;3.南通大学附属医院病理科226001)
[摘要]目的探讨Pim-3与NF-κB在乳腺浸润性导管癌发病中的作用。方法用免疫组织化学技术SP法,检测Pim-3与NF-κB在75例乳腺浸润性导管癌、21例乳腺导管内癌及30例正常乳腺组织中的表达,分析它们与乳腺癌临床病理因素的关系及两者的相关性。结果在乳腺浸润性导管癌中Pim-3的阳性表达率为77.3%、NF-κB为68.0%,在乳腺导管内癌中Pim-3的阳性表达率为52.4%、NF-κB为42.9%,在正常乳腺组织中Pim-3的阳性表达率为23.3%、NF-κB为16.7%。Pim-3阳性表达率与肿瘤直径、组织学分级、临床病理分期,NF-κB阳性表达率与肿瘤直径、组织学分级、淋巴结转移有相关性。Spearmen秩相关分析,乳腺癌中Pim-3的阳性表达与NF-κB阳性表达呈正相关(r=0.243)。结论Pim-3与NF-κB在乳腺癌的发生、发展中具有重要的促进作用,其阳性表达对预后的判断具参考作用。
[关键词]乳腺浸润性导管癌;Pim-3;真核细胞转录因子B
2012年欧洲女性最常见的恶性肿瘤与最主要的死因是乳腺癌,预计2020年发病率还会进一步上升[1]。Pim-3是Pim(proviral integration of moloney murine leukemia virus,Pim)家族成员之一,该家族是编码丝/苏氨酸蛋白激酶的原癌基因,其抑制细胞凋亡是通过磷酸化相关凋亡因子、干扰细胞周期而达到,对于肿瘤的发生与侵袭生长起重要作用[2]。真核细胞核转录因子B(nuclear factor-κappaB,NF-κB)[3]是一种转录因子,与肿瘤细胞增殖密切相关,促进肿瘤侵袭生长与转移,在多种恶性肿瘤中有表达。关于Pim-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中表达,及其与NF-κB之间的相关性研究较少,本研究旨在通过统计分析研究Pim-3与NF-κB在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达,来探讨两者的关系及可能的作用机制。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料组织标本收集时间为2013年1~12月,盐城市第三人民医院病理科新鲜乳腺浸润性导管癌组织75例,同期正常乳腺组织(为切除的良性病变组织)30例,以及乳腺导管内癌组织21例。患者均为女性,年龄23~71岁,参照国际抗癌联盟(UICC)标准进行临床TNM分期,采用《肿瘤组织病理学诊断》标准分级,在手术前所有患者均未进行化疗、放疗及其他治疗。
1.2方法
1.2.1免疫组织化学(SP)染色石蜡标本选取4 μm厚度连续切片,水中展片、捞片温度45 ℃,烤片温度65 ℃,静置1.5 h后备用于常温干燥环境。采用Envision二步法进行SP染色,阴性对照使用磷酸盐缓冲液(PBS)代替一抗,阳性对照使用已知阳性切片。
1.2.2染色结果判断Pim-3与NF-κB的染色结果判定标准根据Shimizu法[4]改良而成:显微镜下细胞质显示棕褐色或棕黄色颗粒判断为阳性着色。结合染色强度与着色范围进行判断,由两位有经验的病理医师对各张切片进行盲读,结合着色的范围与强度综合判断。
1.3统计学处理采用SPSS18.0统计软件进行分析,计数资料采用率表示,使用χ2检验分析,使用Spearman秩相关分析Pim-3与NF-κB表达的相关性,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1Pim-3、NF-κB在乳腺浸润性导管癌中的表达Pim-3主要表达于细胞质,为棕褐色和棕黄色颗粒; NF-κB主要表达于细胞质,少量有细胞膜、细胞核表达,为棕黄色细颗粒(图1)。Pim-3在乳腺浸润性导管癌中阳性58例,阴性17例;在乳腺导管内癌中阳性11例,阴性10例;在正常乳腺组织中阳性7例,阴性23例。NF-κB在乳腺浸润性导管癌中阳性51例,阴性24例;在乳腺导管内癌中阳性9例,阴性12例;在正常乳腺组织中阳性5例,阴性25例;不同组织中Pim-3与NF-κB阳性率表达差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表1。
2.2Pim-3、NF-κB表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌临床病理因素之间的关系Pim-3阳性表达与有无淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关(P<0.05),且随肿瘤直径增大、组织恶性程度增高,阳性表达率升高;NF-κB阳性表达与组织学分级、有无淋巴结转移、TNM分期有关(P<0.05),见表2。
2.3乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Pim-3、NF-κB表达的相关性分析Pim-3与NF-κB均阴性者为12.0%(9/75),NF-κB表达在Pim-3阴性表达中的表达率为52.9%(9/17),Pim-3与NF-κB均阳性者为57.3%(43/75),NF-κB表达在Pim-3阳性表达中的表达率为74.1%(43/58),二者的表达呈正相关(r=0.243,P<0.05),见表3。
A:乳腺浸润性导管癌Ⅰ级,Pim-3阳性(×200);B:乳腺浸润性导管癌Ⅱ级,NF-κB阳性(×100);C:乳腺浸润性导管癌Ⅲ级,Pim-3阳性(×100)。
图1 乳腺浸润性导管癌组织中Pim-3、NF-κB阳性表达的SP染色结果
表2 Pim-3及NF-κB的表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌
续表2 Pim-3及NF-κB的表达与乳腺浸润性导管癌
表3 Pim-3与NF-κB在乳腺浸润性导管癌
3讨论
乳腺癌是最常见的女性恶性肿瘤,其预后除肿瘤生物学特性外,主要与早期诊断密切相关,本研究通过免疫组织化学SP法联合检测Pim-3与NF-κB的表达,探讨其与乳腺癌临床病理因素的相关性,旨在评价其在乳腺癌的临床病理诊断与预后判断中的价值。
Pim-3的统计结果表明,与良性病变相比,乳腺癌组织中Pim-3表达上调,可能是由于Pim-3高表达可抑制细胞凋亡相关因子,帮助肿瘤细胞逃避凋亡,使肿瘤得以发生[4-7]; 此外,本研究发现其阳性表达与乳腺癌组织学分级、淋巴结转移正相关,有研究发现Pim-3表达可促进下游细胞因子,如VEGF、cyclinD1表达,从而促进肿瘤血管生长得以转移侵袭[8-10]。
NF-κB在肿瘤组织中阳性表达比正常组织高,其表达与肿瘤恶性程度与乳腺癌分化级别呈正相关,与文献结果相符[11]。可能的原因是异常活化的NF-κB引起细胞周期的调节失控,从而使细胞趋于无限增殖和分裂,恶性肿瘤得以形成[12]。并且NF-κB高表达激活其对其下游许多黏附、转移相关因子的基因产物如VEGF的转录调控,从而促进肿瘤的侵袭与转移[13]。
国外学者研究证实,Pim-3异常表达可减弱体内的细胞正常凋亡程序,启动IKK/NF-κB信号转导通路,使细胞凋亡基因抑制子(IAP)的表达上调,从而使肿瘤细胞得以生存,并且可促进肿瘤细胞发生、发展[14];而活化NF-κB又会促使cMyc、cyclinD1等肿瘤转移因子表达,通过p38MAPK等途径,从而激活下游iNOS、COX-2等相关因子,诱发VEGF家族多个成员的表达,帮助肿瘤的血管与淋巴管生成,对肿瘤转移与浸润生长起显著的促进作用[15]。
本研究表明,Pim-3高表达与乳腺癌的发生与恶性进展密切相关;NF-κB阳性表达不仅可作为乳腺癌的辅助诊断依据,也可作为判断生物学行为与评估乳腺癌患者预后的重要指标。提示了Pim-3、NF-κB在肿瘤发生与恶性侵袭,如血管与淋巴管生成中的作用,提示在Pim-3、NF-κB之间可能存在一条促进肿瘤转移与侵袭生长的通路,笔者将会在今后的研究中进一步求证探讨,Pim-3、NF-κB的这种抑制肿瘤细胞凋亡和促进肿瘤血管与淋巴管形成的特点,可能成为未来抗肿瘤治疗的新靶点,具有重要的临床意义。
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Correlated expression of Pim-3 and NF-κB in infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast*
Dai Xiaoli1,Han Zhongbao1,Yang Youtian1,Qiu Jing2,Liu Yifei3
(1.DepartmentofClinicalScience,YanchengInstituteofHealthScience,Yancheng,Jiangsu224005,China;2.DepartmentofPathology,theThirdPeople′sHospitalofYancheng,Yancheng,Jiangsu224001,China;3.DepartmentofPathology,theAffiliatedHospitalofNantongUniversity,Nantong,Jiangsu226001,China)
[Abstract]Objectiveto investigate the role of Pim-3 and NF-κB in the development and progression of infiltrating ductal carcinoma of the breast.MethodsHere,we used immunohistochemistry to detect expression of Pim-3 and NF-κB in 75 samples of infiltrating ductal breast carcinoma,21 samples of intraductal breast carcinoma and 30 normal breast tissues.The relationship of their expression,as well as their correlation with clinicopathological features and patient survival were assessed.ResultsIn contrast,both Pim-3 and NF-κB were more commonly detected in infiltrating ductal carcinoma than in intraductal carcinoma and normal tissue.In the infiltrating ductal carcinoma,the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was 77.3%,and that of NF-κB was 68.0%;in ductal carcinoma of the breast,the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was 52.4%,and that of NF-κB was 42.9%;in the normal breast tissue,the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was 23.3%,and that of NF-κB was 16.7%;the positive expression rate of Pim-3 was correlated with tumor size,histological grade,and clinicopathological stage;and that of NF-κB was correlated with tumor size,histological grade,lymph node metastasis of breast cancer.Spearman rank correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation between Pim-3 expression and NF-κB expression in infiltrating breast cancer(r=0.243).ConclusionOur results demonstrate that Pim-3 and NF-κB play a role in the initiation and development of breast cancer,thus,these proteins may serve as useful diagnostic and prognostic markers of invasive breast cancer.
[Key words]infiltrating ductal carcinoma of breast;proviral integration of moloney murine leukemia virus -3;nuclear factor- κappaB
doi:论著·临床研究10.3969/j.issn.1671-8348.2016.16.016
*基金项目:江苏省盐城市医学科技发展计划基金资助项目(YK2013057)。
作者简介:戴小丽(1981-),讲师、主治医师,硕士,主要从腺癌病理学与临床研究。
[中图分类号]R737.9
[文献标识码]A
[文章编号]1671-8348(2016)16-2212-03
(收稿日期:2015-12-11修回日期:2016-02-26)