运用巧搭积木法提高小学生作文能力
2016-07-09黄春芳
黄春芳
一、介绍部分
1.简述
搭积木的游戏相信很多同学都玩过,看似简单的一块块积木,通过你的想象,你的安排,可以搭成高楼、汽车、飞机等。
同学们也一定看到过身边的高楼大厦,有时不由得让人赞叹:好美啊!可是你想过没有,其实这些高楼大厦也是一块块砖一块块瓦、一根根梁如同搭积木般慢慢造起来的。
很多同学对我说,英语作文好难啊,不知道自己该怎么写,也没什么可写。
那么我说,不妨你就把英语作文当做一次搭积木的游戏好了,这就是我们今天要给大家介绍的巧搭积木法。
巧搭积木法,是指先把英语作文化整为零,把英语作文变成围绕主题讲一句话,讲几句话。然后,以这些素材为积木,通过一定的构思,巧妙搭起来,成为一篇英语作文。
2.适用
本方法适用于初学英语作文、感到写作文有点无从下手的同学。
3.操作
使用巧搭积木法,一般过程如下:
(1)析题
大家应该都还记得南辕北辙这个成语故事吧,说从前有一个人,从魏国到楚国去,他带了很多盘缠,雇了上好的车,驾上了骏马,请了驾车技术精湛的车夫,就上路了,楚国在魏国的南面,这个人不问青红皂白让驾车的人赶着马车一直朝北走去。
那个魏国人不首先明确自己该去的方向,仗着自己马快、钱多、车夫技术精,朝着相反方向一意孤行,那么,他跑得越快,就会离目的地越远,因为他的大方向错了。
英语作文也要首先明确自己该去的方向,所以,最关键的第一步就是要析题,认真看清题目的要求,免得也犯南辕北辙的错误。
例如:有一个的题目是My friend,看了这个题目,就应该进行分析,它要求我们写的重点是什么?是my?还是friend?很明显,是friend,还是my friend,不是our friend,也不是my friends。审清了题目,我们就明白了目标,不会忙了半天,结果和故事里的魏国人一样的下场。
(2)准备积木材料
明确了目标,我们就要开始准备我们的积木材料了。根据题目的要求,可以把能围绕这个题目说的话,一句一句都找出来,写在草稿纸上,作为等会搭积木的材料。
因为只要围绕着题目,不用考虑什么顺序,而且每次最少只要一句话,相信同学们不会觉得这是一个很困难的事情。
仍以上面的my friend为例,围绕这个题目,我们可以写出:
My friend is xxx.
Xxx is a boy/gril.
He/she is...等很多可以写。
材料越多,积木搭起来成功的希望就越大,所以,这里积木要尽可能多一点。
(3)挑选积木搭建与装饰
小时候和小朋友一起搭积木,我总是不明白:为什么我和他们一起搭房子,但每次总有小朋友搭的房子比我的漂亮。后来我才搞明白,原来那几块漂亮的积木先被他们挑选去了,怪不得。
后来我懂了,有了一大堆积木,我们要搭建漂亮的房子,首先要选择我们需要的漂亮积木。于是,我也搭出了最漂亮的房子。
其实,英语作文也是这样的。在写出来的一大堆材料里,我们要根据题目的要求进行选择,挑选一些我们认为比较好的,比较适合的“积木”,为下面的搭建做准备。
以上面的my friend为例,我们在那一堆积木材料里,应该挑选一些自己认为必须说的话,作为我们正式搭建的材料。
看到这里,也许很多学生会说:“喔,我懂了,我会了!”然后就去写英语作文了。且慢,你这就走啊?你造房子的话,很可能和动画片《没头脑与不高兴》里的那位没头脑一样,造了88层的高楼,就是忘记设计电梯,不是有了材料就一定能搭好积木的。
有了材料,搭建的设计很重要。先放什么,后放什么,只有按照正确顺序,才能搭好一个作品。英语作文也是一样。
还是以上面的例子为例,介绍你的朋友,一般总是先介绍下他的名字,如果本人不在,有时候还会介绍下性别,然后是介绍他的特点,比如说长得高大,或是聪明、勇敢之类。必要时举一个实例说明你的朋友的这一特点,而不能没有次序地一股脑全说出来,让听介绍的人听了半天还迷迷糊糊。
要注重培养用英语思维的好习惯。在写作时,要想想所学过的、读过的、听过的英语对于有关内容是如何表达的,也就是说,从开始构思时就要步入英语,千万不要先想汉语,后想英语。
搭建过程中还要注意装饰,比如该大小写的地方、该简称的地方等。这些看似小事,但对一篇文章来说,也是马虎不得的。
4.注意
运用巧搭积木法应该注意,我们需要的是巧搭,不是瞎七八搭,因此,在选积木和搭建上,要注意根据题目要求,采用合适的材料,合适的顺序和方法,把句子这一“积木材料”合理组织,成为一篇符合要求的英语作文。
二、例证部分
巧搭积木法例证1.The plant
首先第一步,析题。题目要求的是the plant,我们的文章应该围绕plant来做。
第二步,准备积木材料。我们围绕这个话题,可以写出以下一些句子:
Look.It is a plant.Its name is Lily.I put the plant on the desk.The plant has a stalk.Its strong.The plant has a flower.The flower is red.The flower is big.There is a bee on the flower.The bee has a big body.The bee has a small head.The bee has two nice wings.The bee has six legs.The bee is yellow and black.The bee is happy.The plant has many roots.Theyre long.The plant has eight green leaves.The plant is beautiful.The plant is nice.I like the plant.
...
第三步,在很多句子中挑选合适的材料,通过合适的顺序搭建,加上必要的修饰,比如大小写、代词的运用等。像上面的这个题目,一位同学最后的作文是这样的:
The plant
Look at the plant.Its on the desk.It is beautiful.It has a red flower.Its big.It has eight green leaves.It has a strong stalk.It has many roots.They re long.There is a bee on the flower.It is yellow and black.It has a small head and big body.It has two nice wings and six legs.It is happy on the flower.I like the plant,too.
巧搭积木法例证2.Have a picnic
同样的,经过析题,我们写了以下积木材料:
It is Sunday.The sky is blue.The clouds are white.The sun is shinning.The pupils want to have a picnic in the park.They have got some eggs.
They have got some juice.The pupils are in the school.
Kitty has got a camera.It is very beautiful.Kitty likes to fly the kite.
The pupils want to have a good time.They have got cakes.They have some bread.
通过认真思考挑选,合理安排顺序,最后的作文可以是这样的:
Have a picnic
Today is Sunday.It is fine.The pupils have a picnic in the park.They have got cakes,some eggs,some juice and some bread.Kitty has got a camera.She likes to take some photographs.The pupils like to fly the kites.They are very happy.They have a good time.
巧搭积木法例证3.On the farm
Farm农场这个话题,可以说的东西很多,花草树木,鸟兽鱼虫,只要发挥自己合理的想象,可以说的材料是源源不断的:
Today is Sunday.This is my fathers farmer.My friends and I are on my fathers farm.Look at the ducks.They are in the river.They are big.The ducks can swim.How many ducks?Ten.Look at the trees.The trees are green and tall.Two cats are under the trees.Two cats are in the house.Look at the animals.The animals are happy.The animals are lovely.The farm is not very big,but it is beautiful....
经过对积木材料的挑选整理,一番修改后,一位同学的作文如下:
On the farm
Today is Sunday.My friends and I are on my fathers farm.The farm is not very big,but it is beautiful.Look at the trees.They are green and tall.Look at the flowers.They are colourful.Look at the animals.They are happy.Find the cats.Two cats are under the trees.Two cats are in the house.Look at the ducks.They can swim well.They are in the river.How many ducks?Ten ducks.How happy the animals are!
巧搭积木法例证4.About me
“我”,是一个同学们最熟悉的话题,每一个人从不同角度谈论,都可以说很多:
Hello.My name is Bobby.Im little.My ears are big.My ears are long.I have a short tail.I have many friends.Mrs Bear is our teacher.She is nice.I have a big head.My head is round.I have a small nose.I have a small mouth.Im white.l have four strong legs.I have two big eyes.My eyes are red.I can run fast and jump high.Every one likes me.
Bobby想到的是刚学过的人体部位,以第一人称的写法,介绍了小白兔,他选择积木材料并搭建的作文是这个样子的:
Hello.My name is Bobby.Im white.I have a big head.It is round.I have two big eyes.They are red.I have a small nose and a small mouth.My ears are big.They are long.l have four strong legs.So I can run fast and jump high.I have a short tail.Do you know me?
看了他的作文,你是不是仿佛看到他在给小白兔画画?
巧搭积木法例证5.My school
My school对于同学们一点不陌生,校园、班级、教室、老师,无一不是可以说的话题。因此,准备积木材料也是随手拈来:
This is our school.It is big.It is beautiful.This is our playground.The playground is big.We can run,jump and play football on the playground.We like our playground.
We have a nice school garden.There are many tall trees and beautiful flowers in our school garden.Our school is big and beautiful.
You can see our classroom buiding.The school buildings are all clean.
There are 30classrooms and 8 offices in it.There is a library in our school.We can read books in it.
We like our school.
经过选择和构思,看看这位同学写得怎么样?你是不是能比他写得更好?我相信你能写得更好。
My school
This is our school.It is big and beautiful.We have a nice school garden.There are many tall trees and beautiful flowers.The trees are green.The flowers are red.This is our playground.Its big.We can run,jump and play football on the playground.Look there,you can see our classroom buiding.There are 30 classrooms and 8offices in it.They are all clean.Beside the classroom building,there is a library.We can read books in it.We like our school.
学生的作文中出现错误是难免的,应该允许学生在作文中犯错,关键是让学生学会从错误中学习,给学生一个正确的语言规范。
三、总结部分
英语课程标准指出说和写是表达的技能。写作训练不仅是运用知识的过程,还是发展能力和体验情感的过程。有效的写作训练不仅能够调动学生的写作积极性,还能使学生获得正确的写作技巧,培养学生初步的语言运用能力。
要激发学生兴趣,增强自信心,提高写作能力,体验写作的快乐感与成功感,就需要教师合理地运用巧搭积木法,激发学生的写作创造力。
小学生英语写作能力的培养需要教师坚持不懈地用合理、有效的写作训练方法,开展写作基础训练。只要坚持长期进行写作训练,不断创新写作训练策略,学生的写作能力一定能提高。