备考新题型之“七选五”

安徽省太和中学　王永辉



备考新题型之“七选五”

安徽省太和中学王永辉

随着高考改革的深入，2016年的高考中，将有更多的省市使用全国新课标卷，这意味着将有更多的学生要面对一些新题型。“七选五”就是其中一种新题型。该类题型给出一段被抽去五个句子的短文，然后在短文后又给出了七个备选项，要求学生从这七个备选项中选出五个选项，分别填入短文空格处，使短文意思完整、通顺，主要考查学生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。

【命题分析】

《考试说明》对该题型命题目的的表述是：“主要考查考生对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文逻辑意义的理解和掌握。”因此，题目设置主要有以下三种类型：主旨概括句（文章整体内容）、过渡性句子（文章结构）和注释性句子（上下文逻辑意义）。多余的两个干扰项也往往从这三方面进行设置，例如，主旨概括句或过于宽泛或以偏概全或偏离主题，过渡性句子不能反映文章的行文结构，注释性句子与上文脱节等。

【解题技巧】

做“七选五”题目可以从以下两点入手：

（一）词汇的复现

一篇文章所表达的主题基本上是不变的，所以我们在做题时，可关注备选项中的关键词与空格前后语句中的词的重复，这种重复包括原词、同义词、代词、上下义词、同一范畴词或数词的复现。

【典例1】（2014年新课标Ⅰ卷）The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.＿＿Byhelpingthem develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

A.Encourage kids to cook with you.

B.And we can't forget science education.

C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist？

E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

解析D该选项中出现了与空格前后句中相同的词汇jobs，help。这种是原词复现，较为容易找到答案。

（二）逻辑关系

“七选五”题目对逻辑关系的考查主要集中在以下几种关系上：例证、解释、因果、顺承或转折。这种类型的题目需要学生在正确翻译句意的基础上，理清前后句的逻辑关系，作出正确的选择。

【典例2】（2013年新课标Ⅰ卷）Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want.The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services.Most businesses seek to make a profit（利润）—that is，they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 1Commonly called nonprofits，these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 2

A.Control includes the use of records and reports to compare actual work with the set standards for work.

B.In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.

C.Examples of nonprofit business include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.

D.However，some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.

E.The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

F.In the theory of business management，organization has two main aspects.

G.Planning in business management has three main aspects.

解析1.D 2.C空格1前讲到大多数商业是为了营利，再根据空格后的Commonly called nonprofits可知，此处为转折关系。为说明清楚，又例举例子，空格2与前句之间为例证关系。

【实战演练】

（2015年新课标Ⅰ卷）Building Trust in a Relationship Again

Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.36Trust is a risk.But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

Unfortunately，we've all been victims of betrayal.Whether we've been stolen from，lied to，misled，or cheated on，there are different levels of losing trust.Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore.

37It's understandable，but if you're willing to build trust in a relationship again，we have some steps you can take to get you there.

·38Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

·39If you've been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.But there's a difference between being a victim and living with a“victim mentality”.At some point in all of our lives，we'llhave our trust tested or violated.

·You didn't lose“everything”.Once trust is lost，what is left？Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankful for all of the good in your life.

40Instead，it's a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A.Learn to really trust yourself.

B.It is putting confidence in someone.

C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D.Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E.They've been too badly hurt and they can't bear to let it happen again.

F.This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G.Seeing the positive side of things doesn't mean you're ignoring what happened.

【要点综述】本文是一篇说明文。信任是一种从过去经历中学到的行为。可是，人与人之间总是缺乏信任。人们总是认为自己才是受害者，于是，误解和矛盾就出现了。本文从不同的角度告诉我们建立信任的三个步骤。

【篇章结构】本文采用总分式结构。第一段重点指出信任的重要性，第二段在第一段的基础上提出问题：虽然人与人之间的信任很重要，不幸的是人与人之间总是缺乏信任。本段最后用一个承上启下的过渡句，引出下文的三个建立信任的步骤、方法。

【语言点解析】

1.But you can't be successful when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake.

句子结构分析

本句中“you can't be successful”为主句部分，“when there's a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake”为时间状语从句。在时间状语从句中，“that results from an action”为“a lack of trust”的定语从句；“where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake”为“action”的定语从句。句意：在人际关系中，如果存在着由于过错方不愿意承担责任去弥补过错的行为而引起的信任缺乏，你是不可能成功的。

词汇短语分析

①result from由于（后接原因）；另result in意为“导致”，后接结果。

②take responsibility承担责任

2.Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what thebest outcome would be for your well-being.

句子结构分析

本句中“having confidence in yourself”为动名词作主语，“will help”为谓语动词，“you”为宾语，“make better choices”为宾语补足语。此处使用了“help somebody（to）do”结构。“because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being”为原因状语从句，在此从句中，what引导的为宾语从句，what在宾语从句中作表语。句意：对你自己有信心将有助于你做出更好的选择，因为你可以看到你的快乐会有什么样的最好结果！

词汇短语分析

①have confidence in对……有信心

②outcome n.结果，结局；成果

③well-being n.幸福、快乐

【解题思路分析】

36.答案：B。空格前后的句子均以trust为主语，故填入空格中的句子不可能偏离该主题，故选B项，B项中的it正代指trust，该句依然解释“trust”。此题要注意前后语句表达主题的一致性，我们在做题时，可关注备选项中的个别词与空格前后语句中的词的重复，这种重复包括原词、同义词或代词的复现。本题中的代词it与空格前后的主语trust重复。

37.答案：E。根据前句“Sometimes people simply can't trust anymore”可知选择E项，对前句进一步解释，“因为受到严重的伤害而不能忍受这样的事情再次发生”。此题在正确理解句意的基础上，分析判断是因果关系，空格句给出了前句的原因。

38.答案：A。本句为段首句，也是段落主题，A项中的“trust yourself”和下文中的“Having confidence in yourself”显示出了一致的主题。此类题目为段落主题句的选择，空格大多设在段首。这需要我们归纳、概括段落大意。我们还可通过关注本段反复出现的词汇（即段落主题词）在哪个备选项中有出现，从而选出正确答案，比如本题选项中的“trust yourself”和段落中的“Having confidence in yourself”。

39.答案：C。根据下一句“If you've been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance.（如果你被出卖了，你是这种境遇下的受害者）”的解释，可知选择C项“不要把自己视为受害者”。本题与第38题属于同一种类型。

40.答案：G。由instead可以判断前后句为转折关系，再结合本段主题可知答案选G项。“看到事物积极的一面并不意味着你忽略已经发生的事情，正相反，它是你度过这段经历去积极成长和宽恕的一种健康的方式”。空格后面接有关联词的题目较为容易，因为关联词已经告诉你前后句的逻辑关系，从备选项中选出与之有该种逻辑关系的选项即可。