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定语从句的关系词误用剖析

2016-05-30王锋赵清娥

高中生学习·高三版 2016年1期
关键词:语气作文题副词

王锋 赵清娥

步骤二 遣词造句

1. 词汇应丰富贴切

(1)在提出申请或应聘时,应适时展现的良好性格和品行不不可或缺,我们不妨考虑在平时积累一些这样的形容词,这样在构思作文时便可以根据申请信的类型快速准备恰当的词语。诸如:

optimistic乐观的,creative有创造力的,outgoing外向,ambitious有上进心的,motivated积极的,talented有天分的,warm-hearted热心的,modest谦虚的,responsible有责任心的,capable有能力的,reliable靠得住的,caring关心人的,confident自信的,efficient做事有效率的,energetic精力充沛的,thoughtful考虑周到的,qualified合格的。

(2)书写申请信时,适当使用几个副词,可以起到加强语气,使阅卷老师眼前一亮的神奇作用,这里推荐两种写作中常用的副词。

程度副词:completely/entirely/absolutely,highly,deeply,exactly,greatly,extremely ...。

句子副词:actually,frankly,more importantly,obviously/evidently,undoubtedly,personally ...。

2. 句式应地道、多样

本道作文题中,我们可以从个性特点、应征目的、个人经历等三个方面来构造句子,同学们看看能否使用不同句式来完成以下几个句子:

我叫李华,今年十八岁,是一名活泼开朗,乐于助人的高三学生。

Im Li Hua,aged 18. Outgoing and helpful, I am a senior student in Grade Three.

我申请该工作的目的是提高自己学习英语的能力,培养自己学好英语的信心。

Keen to build up my confidence in learning English fairly well and improve my capacity of using English, I sincerely apply for this post.

我曾经获得过多项英语方面的奖项,包括全国英语大赛一等奖。

I have won a considerable number of awards in English, including the first prize in the National Oral English Contest.

我相信自己一定能够胜任该项工作并作出自己的贡献。

I firmly believe that I will be adequate to the position and make great contributions, making the school magazine more popular with the students.

此外,不同类型的写作文体很多时候有其常用的句式表达,如果能够熟练掌握,在考试时便可以快速搭建文章结构,使写出的文章既简洁,又地道。而我们在完成申请信之类的作文时,常常会涉及到诸如对申请原因的说明,对个人优势的介绍以及结尾处表达感谢和请求等。这些内容都是有套路的。

步骤三 连句成篇写出好文章

在完成对词语和句式的准备之后,就应该考虑如何写出一篇完整的文章了。让我们来看一下这篇习作:

Dear Ms. Chen,

Im Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. Im writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me to work as a volunteer to provide service for your considerable program. Targeted at improving my confidence and gradually adapting to the enormous society, I sincerely hope I can be given this precious opportunity.

As for me, outgoing and helpful, Im excellent in English and especially my spoken English is fairly good. Once I won first prize in the National oral English contest, therefore, its out of question to express myself in English freely. Furthermore, I have fruitfully published several articles in English newspapers, which lays a solid foundation for the position Im dreaming of.

If given the opportunity, Ill be surely devoted to the job, making the school magazine more popular with the students. I greatly appreciate any of your favorable consideration of my application.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

该篇习作中,除注意到使用在文章中使用到应征信常用的句式如Im writing to you to inquire if there would be any position available for me ...,I greatly appreciate any of your favorable consideration of my application.外,在语言表达上也可圈可点。如在词语上,使用了诸如considerable,precious,outgoing,helpful等形容词,还使用了fairly,freely,fruitfully,surely,greatly等副词起到加强语气,表达强烈期望的作用。而在短语和句式表达上,使用了诸如Targeted at improving my confidence ...,making the school magazine more ...等非谓语动词做状语,it句式,省略用法等,形式多样而又错落有致,值得借鉴。

再来让我们看看2012年全国卷的作文题:

假定你是李华,从互联网上得知一个国际中学生组织将在新加坡(Singapore)举办夏令营,欢迎各国学生参加。请些一封电子邮件申请参加。

内容主要包括:

1. 自我介绍(包括英语能力);

2. 参加意图(介绍中国、了解其他国家);

3. 希望获准。

注意:

1. 词数100左右;

2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯;

3. 邮件开头和结尾已为你写好。

Dear Sir or Madam,

Regards,

Li Hua

请同学们看一篇例文:

Dear Dear Ms. Chen,

Im Li Hua, a student from Class 2, Grade 3. Im writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.

I really want to obtain this precious opportunity because, by offering my service, I will be able to improve my organizational ability, communication skills as well as my confidence in speaking English in public.

As an outgoing girl, I get along well with my classmates. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as assistant to my English teacher. Successfully, I have lent a helping hand to her in several English activities of my class, which have been appreciated by both teacher and my classmates.

I am sure that I can perfectly live up to your expectations. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.

Looking forward to your reply.

Yours truly,

Li Hua

仔细观察,我们可以发现,尽管两道作文题题目形式和内容略有差异,但同作为申请信,在作文的写作思路上有着共同的特点。例如在范文中,使用了如Im writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer. I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration.等常用句式,在对个人能力介绍上,使用诸如outgoing,confidence,get along well with,have such a good command of等一些通用的词汇和短语等。

最后,在写作应征书信时,同学们应注意:

1. 语气要诚挚友好,千万不要表现出强求的意思,诸如must,should等语气强硬的词尽量不要出现;

2. 对于申请的内容和原因应尽量写清楚;

3. 期望得到回应的心情一定要表达出来,诸如I will be grateful if you could ...一类的句式用在申请信上是再合适不过的。

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