重大环境污染事件特征污染物实验室检测技术系统研究报告

杜宇国 庄国强 郭良宏 程建功 汪海林

摘 要：經过研究人员三年多的努力，取得了以下主要研究成果：（1）研制了快速、灵敏和低成本的常见卤代烷传感器及检测仪。通过设计、合成针对卤代烃检测用高性能荧光传感材料，利用纳米线阵列的倏逝波效应提高了传感器的荧光强度、稳定性和传感灵敏度。突破了微弱荧光信号检测技术，开发了便携式痕量卤代烃荧光探测仪。（2）研制了电化学发光免疫检测仪。通过设计微孔板电极，并包被免疫试剂，待测样品在微孔内完成免疫反应，检测、记录每个孔的电化学发光信号，研发出电化学发光免疫检测仪。（3）研制了荧光免疫传感器。通过在一个微小的基底材料上形成大量的阵列式反应区，每个反应区独立进行免疫反应和信号检测，研发了具有高通量、快速、小型化等特点的荧光免疫传感器。（4）研制了污染事件毒性识别仪-DNA损伤检测仪。研制了毛细管电泳-柱上激光诱导荧光偏振检测装置，并开发了相应的DNA损伤分析方法。（5）研制了重金属污染和苯系物全细胞生物传感萤光检测仪。基于重金属或苯系污染物对微生物全细胞生物传感器的诱导作用，通过检测宿主菌所表达的萤火虫荧光素酶强度，结合数据整合软件，研发了重金属污染和苯系物污染的细菌全细胞生物传感荧光检测仪。（6）开发了突然性环境污染事件污染物应急监测辅助系统。研发了一套包括常见化学品信息库，快速定量色谱库和应急监测辅助信息库三大模块的突然性环境污染事件污染物应急监测辅助系统。上述研所所取得的成果，必将为污染事件发生后的快速甄别，对主要污染物的快速检测，为制定突发性环境污染事件快速有效处理处置方案具有重要意义。

关键词：环境污染；应急检测；样品前处理；毒性识别；应急检测实验室规范

Research report of laboratory testing system for typical contaminants released from serious environment pollution accidents

Abstract：With the three-year hard work of all research memebers， we have made some significant progress： （1） Established a low cost， rapid while sensitive sensor and detector for halogenated alkanes. In this study， sensing material with high fluorescene yield for halogenated alkanes detecting were designed and synthsized. The fluorescene intensity， stability and sensitiviety of synthsized sensors were improved by using the evanescent wave effect of nanowile arrays.This study realized the measurement of weak scence signals， and developed a portable fluorescent detector for trace halogenated alkanes. （2） Prepaed an electrochemical luminescence immune detector. The microplate electrodes were designed， the immune agents were coated on the electrodes， the immunation reactions of test samples were occurred within the wells of microplate， and the electrochemical signal of each well was measured and recorded. （3） Synthesized a fluorescent immune sensor. A huge array reaction area was formed on a tiny matrix material， the immunation reaction and fiuorescene signal record in each reaction area was respectively performed. A high-through， rapid and minimized fluorescence immune sensor was developed. （4） Prepared a DNA damage detector. The detecting instrument of capillary electrophoresis-on site laser induced fluorescence polarization was papared， and the method for DNA damage analysis was developed as well. （5） Developed whole cell biosensing fluorescene detectors for heavy metals and benzenes detection. Based on the induction effect of heavy metals and benzenes on microbial whole cell biosesnors， measured the activity intensity of the firefly luciferase expressed by host bacterium， combined the software for data calculation， developed a set of bacterial whole cell biosensing fluorescent detectors for heavy metals and benzenes analysis. （6） Established a set of assistant emergency monitroing system for contaminants released from the sudden environmental pollution accidents. The assistant system composed of three modules including physicochemical database for common chemicals， a rapid and quantitative chormatogram spectra bank， and emergency monitoring assistant information database. The achivements mentioned above will be benefit for rapid identifying of sudden environmental pollution accidents， for rapid detecting of main contaminants， for preparing rapid and effective treatment and deposal strategy to deal with the sudden environmental pollution accidents.

Key words：environmental pollution； emergency monitoring； sample pretreatment； toxicity identification； protocol for emergency monitoring lab

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