并列句的连词及短语

罗明迪

并列句就是含有两个或两个以上的独立的主谓结构或简单句的句子。各个分句地位相等、形式平等且互不依存，但意义往往有所关联。

并列句是一种比较容易掌握的句型，即用并列连词或副词把几个简单句连接起来，并列句使用得当既可丰富句式，又能增加行文的亮点。文中使用并列句是一种简单、不易出错且行之有效的表达方式。对并列句，要求掌握并列连词和副词，并能根据句子间的逻辑关系正确选择使用。

[并列连词及短语 ]

1. 并列连词：and，but，or，nor，for等。

I really feel I am doing something worthwhile and I am having a great time doing it. 我的确感到我是在做一件值得做的事， 而且我做得相当开心。

Information technology is taught in most schools， for we have entered the information society. 信息技术在大多数学校开设，因为我们已经进入信息社会。

They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick， nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet. 他们生病时既看不起病也买不起药，而且他们也无法保证孩子们提供健康的饮食。

Not all the new companies can succeed， but the spirit and creativity they represent are more important than money. 并非所有的新公司都能成功，但他们所代表的那种精神和创造力却比金钱更重要。

2. 关联并列连词：not only ... but also ...，both ... and ...，neither ... nor ...，either. .. or ...等。

Sports not only keep a man in health， but they （also） give him team spirit. 运动不仅可以使人保持健康，而且培养人的团队精神。

Both you and I must lend him a hand， both for his sake and for ours. 你我两个人都得帮忙，这是为了他，也是为了我自己。

Many people talk， not because they have anything to say， but for the mere love of talking. 很多人说话并不是因为有话要说，而只是因为爱说话而已。

Neither do I know his address， nor do my parents. 我不知道他的地址，我父母也不知道。

3. 连接副词：so，yet，still，then，however，besides， therefore，moreover，otherwise，hence，nevertheless，accordingly，consequently，whereupon，neither等。

Education is essential to poverty relief， so Lin Yings work is making a big difference to the childrens future. 教育是脱贫的根本，因此林颖的工作对孩子们的未来有着重大影响。

Everything is OK so far， therefore we are confident that the work will be finished on time. 到目前为止一切都很顺利，因此我们有信心按时完成这项工作。

The composition is all right， however， there is room for improvement. 这篇作文还不错，不过还得改进。

These birds are very rare and therefore protected by law. 这类鸟很稀少，因此受到法律保护。

[并列句的句型]

1. S-V-O-A[and/ foror/ sobut]S-V-O-A

People have been playing the blues for many years， but the music has kept many of its characteristics. 多年来人们一直在演奏布鲁斯，但这种音乐仍保留有它的许多特征。

The leaves of the trees are falling， for its already autumn. 树叶在落，秋天已经到来了。

Lawrence failed to appear， so we went on without him. 劳伦斯没有来，因此我们不管他继续走。

2. S-V-O-A[while （然而）when （这时）]S-V-O-A

One day Chuck is on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashes. 一天，查克飞越太平洋时，他的飞机突然坠落。

New Zealand is an important agricultural country， with cattle farming on the North Island， while the hilly South Island has more sheep farms. 新西兰是一个重要的农业国，北岛有养牛业，多山的南岛则有较多的牧羊场。

3. [neithereithernot only]S-V-O[nororbut]S-V-O-A

Either you leave this house or Ill call the police. 要么你离开房子，要么我叫警察。

First， not only target fish are caught in the net， but many other sea animals are found hanging there. 首先，网里不但抓住了想捕的鱼，而且也抓住了许多别的海洋动物。

Not only do I respect my parents， but I also try to live up their expectations. 我不仅尊重父母，而且尽力不辜负他们的期望。

4. S-V-O-A[howeverthereforeotherwisebesidesmoreover]S-V-O-A

The first part of the voyage was very calm， and however the rest was full of adventures. 航行一开始还风平浪静，可后来充满了惊险。

Hunk has done very good work for society， and therefore he deserves great praise. 汉克为社会做过非常好的事情，所以应该受到表扬。

要说明的是，并不是所有的并列句都有完整的句子成分，并列连词后的简单句如果与其前的简单句有相同的部分，则相同的部分常可省略。由so，nor，neither连接的并列句，后一简单句为避免重复，其成分常倒装并省略一些。使用并列副词时要注意副词不能用来直接衔接两个句子，因此这些副词前面的第一句句末应用句号或分号，而且后面接第二句之前，须先用逗号隔开，或者两个句子之间用and连接。

[练习]

阅读下列各题，根据括号内的汉语提示，用句末括号内的英语单词完成句子。

1. I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone （已做了） it. Was it you？ （do）

2. —Has LiLei finished his work today？

—I have no idea， but he （做实验） when I saw him this morning. （conduct）

3. （遭遇交通堵塞） while you are hurrying to the airport is quite an unpleasant experience. （trap）

4. The parents suggested （睡） in the hotel room but the kids were anxious to camp out during the trip. （sleep）

5. He may not come today， （如果是那样的话） there is no need to wait any longer. （case）

6. —Why didnt you tell her about the meeting？

—She rushed out of the room （我还没来得及说什么）. （before）

7. I have two hats but （对我都不合适）. （fit）

8. We could have visited the main Olympic Stadium， but we spent （太多的时间游玩周围）. （travel）

[参考答案]

1. had done

2. was conducting an experiment

3. Being trapped in a traffic jam

4. sleeping

5. in which case

6. before I could say anything

7. neither fits me properly

8. too much time traveling around