高性能分布式驱动电动汽车关键基础问题研究立项报告

余卓平　熊璐

摘 要：2009年我国汽车产销量突破1 370万辆，位居世界第一。汽车行业已成为我国现代装备制造业中的龙头产业，国民经济的重要支柱。但迅速增长的汽车保有量导致我国能源紧缺、环境污染与交通安全的问题也日益突出。发展电动汽车是解决上述问题的有效途径。轮边驱动电动汽车则是电动汽车技术领域的重要发展方向。轮边驱动电动汽车将驱动电机分布安装于各驱动轮内或驱动轮附近，具有驱动传动链短、传动高效、结构紧凑等突出优点，能够有效降低车辆能耗；同时，轮边驱动电机动态响应快，有极佳的动力学控制性能，大幅提高车辆主动安全性能。轮边驱动电动汽车涉及机、电、液、热等多个领域，运行的环境与工况复杂，相关理论与技术还尚不成熟。因此，针对轮边驱动电动汽车围绕能耗优化与主动安全性控制开展的基础设计理论与关键技术的研究，对促进我国汽车工业的发展，具有极其重要的意义。该研究围绕“轮边驱动电动汽车复杂耦合系统动力学”“多变环境与工况下轮边驱动电动汽车能耗规律”“复杂工况下轮边驱动电动汽车耦合系统动力学协调控制机理”3个基础科学问题。该研究将建立基于轮边驱动电机特性的轮胎动态模型、车辆多体耦合动力学模型和动力电源—电驱动系统多场耦合动力学模型，构建轮边驱动电动汽车多体多场复杂耦合动力学系统；揭示电源与电驱动系统能耗规律、车辆空气/热动力学特性及其能耗规律，提出分布式电源与能量管理系统的分析与设计理论、车身造型及整车结构设计方法与整车热管理方法、无非驱动轮工况下车辆关键动力学参数自适应辨识方法、复杂耦合系统能耗优化与动力学协调控制理论，从而创立高性能轮边驱动电动汽车设计与控制的新理论、新方法。通过该重大基础研究项目的支持，将提高我国汽车工业的自主研发水平，为我国电动汽车开发提供基础理论支持，推动我国汽车工业的跨越式发展。

关键词：分布式驱动电动汽车 耦合系统动力学 能耗规律 能量管理 空气与热动力学 状态估计 参数辨识 动力学协调控制

Abstract： Rapid growth in car ownership led to China's energy shortage， environmental pollution and traffic safety issues. Development of electric vehicles is an effective way to solve these problems. And distributed drive electric vehicle is an important development direction of electric vehicle. The main feature of the distributed drive electric vehicle leads to a short and efficient transmission chain and a compact structure as well. All of this will reduce vehicle energy consumption effectively. Meanwhile， the electric motor has a quick response and excellent dynamic control performance， which will improve vehicle active safety performance substantially. However， distributed drive electric vehicle involves mechanical，electrical， hydraulic， thermal and other fields. What's more，its running environment and working conditions are complex， while the related theory and technology are not mature yet. Therefore， it is extremely significant for the development of China's automobile industry to carry out the basic theory and essential technology research on the energy optimization and active safety control of distributed drive electric vehicle. This project was carried out based on three basic scientific problems， including "complex coupling system dynamics of distributed drive electric vehicle""energy consumption laws of distributed drive electric vehicle in changing environment and working conditions""coordinated control mechanism of coupling system dynamics of distributed drive electric vehicle".The project will build tire dynamic model based on distributed drive electric motors， vehicle multi-body coupling model and coupling dynamic model of electric powertrain system， and then build a multi-body and complex coupling dynamic system of distributed drive electric vehicle； Also the project will reveal system energy consumption laws of the electric powertrain， vehicle air/thermal dynamic characteristics and its energy consumption laws， and present the analysis and design theory of distributed electric energy source and management system， design methods of vehicle body shape and structure and methods of vehicle thermal management， adaptive identification method of vehicle essential dynamic parameters in full-wheel drive condition， energy optimization and dynamic coordinated control theory of complex coupling system. All the work will contribute to creating new theories and new methods of design and control of high-performance distributed drive electric vehicle.

Key Words： Distributed drive electric vehicle；Coupling system dynamics；Energy consumption laws； Energy management；Air and thermal dynamics；States estimate； Parameters identification；Dynamic coordinated control

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