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图式理论指导下的小学英语复习课探讨

2016-05-30陈燕嫦

师道·教研 2016年3期
关键词:图式理论新知图式

陈燕嫦

不少英语教师在上语法复习课时遇到了难题,有的说不能直说语法,有的又过多地强调语法,以致学生越学越枯燥,忽略了文本原有的趣味性。在复习过程中,如果能引导学生创建与写作题材相符的单元知识,并能在写作前充分激活这些图型知识,那么复习的效果就能大大提升。以下以PEP 8 Recycle 1 “Lets take a trip” Lesson1为例,探讨在图式理论指导下,如何有效开展复习写作课。

一、联旧引新,激活图式

结合刚学习的一般过去时,我请学生对我的周末生活自由发问,顺势复习了五个“W”(即what, where, how, when, who等引导的过去时问句),学生除了会用特殊疑问来提问,还用了“Did you…? Were you…?”等,大脑中迅速激活了过去时的图式及疑问词的用法。学生一边发问,我一边贴出相关的特殊疑问词,要求学生概括出主要内容,初步形成语篇。

T: I didnt teach you English last Friday. I had a busy and tired weekend. Do you want to know something? You can ask me, please.

S1:Where did you go last weekend?

T: I went to Foshan.

S2: Whats Foshan like? What did you do there?

T: Great! I studied English there. And Foshan is nice and clean. It is a city like Dongguan. But there are many motorcycles on the roads there.

S3: How did you go there?

S4: How long did you stay there?

二、感悟新知,建立图式

1. 利用图式,引入新知。我展示四个地方的图片,让学生给意见,说说五一假期将要去哪里及其理由。

T: May Day holiday is coming. Where am I going? Do you have any ideas?

S1: You can go to Hong Kong. Because its near. There is a train station here. You can go by train.

S2: Are you going to Beijing? Because you can eat good food in Beijing. Peking duck is very tasty!

S3: I think you are going to Hangzhou. You are going to row a boat.

T: May Day holiday is short. I cant go out for a long time. I think I am going to Hong Kong. I am going to visit the Ocean Park there.

2. 借助语篇,激活语法教学。接下来引入新课:I have a friend, Mike. Where is he going on his holiday? Is he going to Hong Kong, too?播放录音,感知整个语篇,进一步激活一般将来时的图式。在回答的过程中,不少学生说漏了be动词或是漏了to。我利用图片及语言解释stone forest和folk dances让学生扫清阅读障碍。

T:Look at the picture. Is there a forest in it? No, there are many stones there. Thats why we call it “Stone Forest”. Look at the people, they wear folk clothes. They are dancing. We call it “folk dances”.

3. 熟悉文本,丰富图式。我板书where, what, who, when, how让学生回答课文五个问题。这一环节可以充分利用四人小组的合作,重点训练如何去问。一个同学问,另外几个同学回答。问题大概如下:Where is Mike going on his holiday? What is he going to do there? Who is he going with? When is he going? How is he going? 学生进一步熟悉文本,填写Mikes Trip Plan.接下来跟录音细读,模仿磁带中的声音,有利于学生形成良好的语音语调。然后结对朗读,角色扮演,培养合作能力,利用同伴压力激发学习热情,充分理解,捕捉文本的关键信息。

三、运用图式,效果显著

1. 基于语言铺垫,自然输出语段。我设计了挖空短文,请学生填写。这篇短文以文本为中心,也可以因复习或写作需要,适当换写人称,为后面的写作环节提供了一篇很好的范文。

2. 联合新知,谱写新章。接下来,我乘胜追击,请学生在组内展示事先收集好的地方图片或明信片,激发同伴之间交流的欲望。交流结束,学生简单规划自己的旅游计划。学生以表格内容为提纲完成书面表达“My May Day Plan”.通过原有话题简述基础上的分析、拓展、总结,学生在动手写作之前已有足够的信息源,90%的学生都能顺利写出质量较高的短文。一些基础薄弱的学生原本放弃书面表达,现在借助表格,也能用只言片语表述自己的想法了。

责任编辑魏文琦

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