强调结构考点揭秘

籍万杰 王玉成

人们有时为了突出句子的某些成分以加强语气、增强情感色彩或强调对比，常采用强调结构。在单项填空、语法填空和短文改错中都会涉及对强调结构的考查。

[考查强调结构的基本形式] [1]

强调结构的基本形式为“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分”，可以用来强调主语、宾语、状语等，不能强调谓语动词。例如：

It was I that met Li Lei in the park yesterday.（强调主语）

It was Li Lei that I met in the park yesterday.（强调宾语）

It was in the park that I met Li Lei yesterday.（强调地点状语）

It was yesterday that I met Li Lei in the park.（强调时间状语）

例1 （2014福建卷） It was the culture， rather than the language， ______ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

解析 that。由结构和句意可知，这是一个强调句，强调的是句子的主语，故填that。句意为：是文化而不是语言使他很难适应国外的新环境。该句去掉it was ... that ...结构后句子依然成立：The culture， rather than the language， made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.

[2][考查强调结构的一般疑问句形式]

强调结构的一般疑问句句型为：is/was it+被强调部分+that/who ...？例如：

Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy？

例2 （2014四川卷） Was it because Jack came late for school ______ Mr. Smith got angry？

解析 that。由结构和句意可知，这是一个一般疑问句形式的强调结构，强调的是原因状语从句，故填that。该句去掉was it ... that ...结构后可还原为：Mr. Smith got angry because Jack came late for school.

[3][考查强调结构的特殊疑问句形式]

强调结构的特殊疑问句句型为：特殊疑问词（who/what/when/where/why/how ...）+is/was it that ...？例如：

Where was it that she saw you last time？

How was it that he came here？

What is it that you want me to do？

Why was it that Li Lei came late again？

这类强调结构置于从句中时应使用陈述语序。如：

The question is who it is that we can trust.

He asked which picture it was that we should send to her as a present.

例3 I just wonder ______ it is that makes him so excited.

解析 what。根据结构和句意可知，此题考查对特殊疑问句的强调，强调了在宾语从句中作主语的连接词，故填what。去掉it is ... that ...结构，还原后的句子为：I just wonder what makes him so excited.

[4][考查表示推测的情态动词与be连用的强调结构]

表示推测的情态动词can/may/must/might等可与be结合构成it must/may/might be/have been ... that ...和it cant be/have been ... that ...这两个强调句型。如：

It might be his sister that he is worried about.

It cant have been Tom that/who broke the window.

例4 Can it be in the drawer ______ you put your keys？

解析 that。句意为：你的钥匙有可能是放在了抽屉里吗？根据句意可知此题考查表示推测的情态动词与be连用的强调结构，故填that。

[5][考查对not ... until ...句式的强调]

对not ... until ...句式的强调有固定的句型，即it was not until ... that ...。例如：

I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.

→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.

例5 （2015重庆卷） Bach died in 1750， but it was not until the early 19th century ______ his musical gift was fully recognized.

解析 that。句意为：Bach死于1750年，但是直到19世纪早期他的音乐天赋才被完全认可。根据句意和结构可知，but后是一个强调not until引导的时间状语从句的强调句式，故填that。还原后的句子为：Bach died in 1750， but his musical gift was not fully recognized until the early 19th century.

[6][考查对各种从句的强调]

除了强调主语、宾语、状语等，强调句也可以用于强调名词性从句和状语从句。

1. 强调状语从句

例6 （2015湖南卷） It was when we were returning home ______ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.

解析 that。句意为：当我们要回家的时候，我才意识到帮助了有困难的人感觉真好。根据结构和句意可知，这是一个含有强调结构的句子，去掉It was ... that ...结构还原后的句子为：I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble when we were returning home.

2. 强调名词性从句

例7 （2007江西卷） I dont mind her criticizing me， but ______ is how she does it that I object to.

解析 it。句意为：我不介意她批评我，我反对的是她批评我的方式。根据结构和句意可知，这是一个含有强调结构的句子。此题强调宾语从句，还原后句子为：I dont mind her criticizing me， but I object to how she does it.

[7][考查强调结构的省略形式]

这类题型的设置特点为：通常采用对话形式，句子的后半部分省略了与上一句相同的内容。有的同学往往不去理解对话的语境，而是想当然地填上强调结构的标志词that，造成错误。

例8 —Where did you get to know her？

—It was on the farm ______ we worked.

解析 where。该题猛然间一看是一个考查强调结构的句子，容易填入that。仔细分析理解可知，此题的确是考查强调结构，但是根据对话的语境可知，强调句中的地点状语，省略了that I got to know her。上下文的语意为：“你是在哪儿认识她的？”“是在以前工作的农场（认识的）。”其中，“______ we worked”是定语从句，修饰the farm，由于the farm在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。将强调句补充完整，变成It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her，故填where。

总之，强调结构使用广泛，与其他从句搭配能力强，易与其他含有it be的句式混淆。同学们在答题时应综合考虑，练就一双“火眼金睛”，反复试填选项，慧眼甄别出题目设置的“陷阱”，从而得出正确答案。