定语从句全集
2016-05-14李俊芳
李俊芳
定语从句这个语法是高中阶段常用常考,也是学生一直很头疼的知识点。它难以理解,不好判断,导致学生也是东拼西凑学得点皮毛,不能深入分析。在此,我把定语从句中所涉及的所有考点难点给大家总结成全集,以便大家能一次性学精学透。
一、首先来了解一下什么是定语从句
我们来看几个短语:
a good book
a broken cup
这两个短语的名词前面都是形容词,我们把形容词放在名词的前面修饰名词。
a book good to read
a cup broken by Tom
这两个短语的名词都由三个词以上的形容词短语修饰,所以放在名词的后面。
由此可知,三个或三个以上的词修饰名词时应该放在名词的后面,句子也不例外,这就是定语从句的由来:修饰名词或代词的句子叫定语从句,被修饰的名词叫先行词。
二、定语从句重难点——关系词的运用
1.关系代词that 和 which 在指物时都能用,但这些时候只能用which,不能用that。
① 非限制性从句中只能用which。
I have two sisters,who are doctors.
②介词后面只能用which。
I left a note near the lamp by which she read every evening.
③修饰整个句子时只能用which。
He is late,which makes the teacher angry.
2.下面是关系代词指物时,只能用that不能用which的情况
① 先行词为不定代词时:all,some,any,no,little,few,something,anything,nothing,按照这个由多到少的顺序好记忆。
② 先行词是序数词和形容词最高级或由其修饰时。
③ 先行词由the very,the only 修饰时。
④先行词既指人又指物时。
⑤主句是以who 或which 开头的特殊疑问句时。
3.如何判断句中应填关系代词还是关系副词
要记住关系代词在从句中做主语或宾语(可以省略)或定语,关系副词在从句中做状语。如何分析先行词在从句中做什么成分?我用表时间、地点、原因的例子给大家解释:
①时间: October 1st is the day,______ is our National Day.
October 1st is the day______ we spend together.
October 1st is the day,______ I joined the army.
句中先行词是the day,第一空is 前面缺主语,用关系代词which。第二个空我们可以把先行词带到从句中看是否可以做宾语We spend the day together. the day 在从句中做宾语,用关系代词that,which或不填。第三空把先行词带到从句中看先行词前是否需要加介词:I joined the army on October 1st .on October1st,先行词前
加介词在从句中做时间状语,选表时间的关系副词when或 on which。
②地点:This is the factory _____ makes toys.
This is the factory _____I visited last year.
This is the factory _____my father works.
按照上面的分析方法,第一空缺主语填 that或 which。第二空I visited the factory last year. 先行词the factory在从句中做宾语,关系词选that,which或不填。第三空My father works in this factory. This factory前面需加介词in,可以判定先行词the factory做状语,所以选表地点的关系副词 where或in which。
③原因:This is the reason_______caused the accident.
This is the reason _______ he gave.
This is the reason _______ he was late.
相信大家根据以上分析规律不难得出,第一空填that,which。第二空 that,which,或不填。第三空加介词for,先行词在从句中做状语,填表原因的关系副词why或for which。
三、定语从句中易被忽略的六大考点
1.as 的用法
①在非限制性定语从句中常考这个句子:
As we know,China is a big country.
②as 在从句中做成分容易跟so that 句型混淆,比如:
This is so good a book as everybody wants to buy.
2. the way 在定语从句中的用法比较特殊
This is the way that/which is suitable for us.(做主语)
3.这些抽象名词表地点常考:occassion,case,situation等,要
牢记
4.定语从句中的主谓一致
Tom is one of the tallest students in our class that are good at English.
5. 定语从句中学生易错点
The boy cant go out to play,______made him angry. 这里应该填什么?this?it? that?都不对,应该填which构成定语从句,which指代前面整个句子。
6.遇到不会填的疑问句,先把它变成陈述句,再填空
Is this factory _____ I visited last month?
A.where B.which C.that D.the one
这一题变成陈述句为This factory is ___ I visited last month. 谓语is后面缺表语,不能直接填关系代词,所以选D,省略了关系代词that或which。
定语从句全集剖析至此,希望能使学生不再靠题海战,错题本,零零散散边边角角地记录,而是全面概括深入地掌握定语从句这个语法。