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让状语点亮你的英文句子

2016-05-14陈碎仍

广东教育·高中 2016年6期
关键词:分词连词副词

陈碎仍

一、简单句也高级,形容词(短语)有妙用

首先,如果是形容词(短语)充当状语,那么它在句子中所起到的作用有两种情况:一是说明句子的谓语动词发生时主语所处的状态,一是说明句子谓语动词发生的原因。

[例1]He stood there, still, except that his lips moved slightly. 他站在那里,一动也没动,只有嘴唇在轻微地抖动。(still说明主语stood时所处的状态)

[例2]Hungry, they walked into the restaurant. 由于饥饿,他们走进了一家餐馆。(hungry 说明了他们走进餐馆的原因)

写作点拨:巧用形容词(短语)作状语,可把句子由复合句变成高级的简单句。

[例3] 觉得筋疲力尽,我爬上床,很快就睡着了。

Exhausted(=As I was exhausted),I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.

[例4]我熟悉本地的风土人情和文化,并能为客人做相关的介绍。

Familiar with our local custom and culture(=As Im familiar with...),I will be able to make any related introduction to the visitors.

二、简单句也灵动,副词/介词短语显神通

副词/介词(短语)在句子中作状语时,通常表示时间、地点、频度、程度、方式等,其位置可在句首、句中、句末。但当多个状语连用时,一般遵循先单词、后短语;先地点、后时间;先小概念、后大概念的顺序。在英语写作中,灵活地将副词与介词短语相互结合起来,不但可使一个简单句结构更加巧妙,也是学生不俗表达能力的体现。

[例5]He went out of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark. 他昨夜22点45分从房间里出来,然后消失在黑夜之中。

[例6]Well gather at the Students Club at 8 pm. this Friday, after the evening classes. 我们将在周五晚上8点,晚自习后在学生俱乐部集合。(2012 大纲卷)

[例7]Id like to invite you to join us for a visit to the nearby nursing home next Saturday for the Double Ninth Festival. 我们想邀请你下星期六和我们一起去附近的敬老院陪老人们过重阳节。(2015 课标卷Ⅱ)

写作点拨一:表示频度的副词放在be动词、情态动词或助动词之后。

[例8]He is always late for school. 他上课总迟到。

[例9]I have never seen such a good person. 我从未见过这么好的人。

写作点拨二:借助评注性状语使语言更简练。

[例10]It is important that many people in our city have come to realize the importance of helping the disabled.→More importantly, many people in our city have come to realize the importance of helping the disabled. 重要的是,我们城市中的很多人已经意识到帮助残疾人的重要性了。

相类似的评注性状语还有:obviously, clearly, undoubtedly, surprisingly, unbelievably, fortunately, unfortunately, luckily, unluckily等等。

三、从属连词架桥梁,句间逻辑更顺畅

在复合句中起状语作用的从句叫状语从句。状语从句由从属连词引导,按其意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、比较、方式、让步等。

[例11]只要有趣有益,任何相关的东西你都可以写。(2015 课标卷Ⅰ)

You can write anything relevant so/as long as it is interesting and informative.

[例12]它(Global Mirror 周报)兼顾国内外新闻,以使我能了解到一周发生的一切重要事件。(2011 大纲卷)

It covers both national and international news so that I can learn about all important things that have happened during the week.

[例13]我从小喜爱大熊猫。(2008 全国卷Ⅰ)

I have been a panda lover since I was a child.

[例14]若有任何问题,请致电44876655。(2010全国卷Ⅰ)

Please call me at 44876655, if you have any questions.

写作点拨:恰当运用高级连词可以提高句子档次。

[例15]他一到我们就点亮蜡烛,一同唱响生日歌。(2012大纲卷)

When he comes, well light the candles and sing“Happy Birthday”together for him.

→Well light the candles and sing “Happy Birthday”together for him as soon as / the minute / immediately, directly / instantly he comes.

四、活用非谓语,句式百变、更简练

1. 不定式短语作状语

不定式短语作状语通常表示目的、结果(出乎意料的),但逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。

[例16]听到枪声,他迅速跑到楼下,结果却发现她躺在地板上,失去了知觉。

On hearing the shot, he rushed downstairs, only to find her lying unconscious on the floor.

[例17]我,代表学生会,写这封信,倡议所有的高三学生在高考后捐出自己的参考资料,如旧参考书,笔记本,微型字典等等。

On behalf of the Students Union, I am writing to call on / appeal to all Senior 3 students to donate your reference materials such as the old reference books, notebooks, pocket dictionaries and so on, after the college entrance examination.

2. 现在分词和过去分词短语作状语

分词在句中充当状语时一般表示原因、时间、方式、伴随、结果、让步或条件等,相当于相应的状语从句。

写作点拨:借助分词作状语,一方面可使你文章的句式呈现多样化,一方面也使句子更简练;但是要注意其逻辑主语必须是主句中的主语(意料之中的结果状语例外)。

[例18]听了这个消息,她的眼泪都流出来了。

→When she heard the news, tears came to her eyes.

→Hearing the news, she burst into tears.

[例19]不幸的是,他的父亲离世,这使得他的家庭更加贫困。

→Unfortunately, his father died, leaving his family even worse off.(人教版Module 4 Unit 3中课文中的句子)

[例20]Tracy来电留言说,因有要事,明早咖啡屋见面取消。(2009全国卷Ⅰ)

→Tracy called, saying that she couldnt meet you at Bolton Coffee tomorrow morning as she has something important to attend to.

总而言之,写作是考生综合能力的体现,需要长期的点滴积累(尤其是对课本中重点单词、短语和句型的掌握等等)和在运用中的不断修正,让我们继续努力吧。

责任编辑 蒋小青

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