高考英语“书面表达”美文标准

张静

【摘要】一篇优秀的“书面表达”会让考生在高考中得到较高的分数。那么，考生如何才能写出高分英语“书面表达”呢？笔者结合教学实践认为，考生在平时的练习时，就要加强训练文章的外在美、结构美、词汇美、句式美和衔接美。考生如果能做到这几点要求，就会在高考中取得意想不到的成绩。

【关键词】高考 英语书面表达 美文

一、外在美

一篇优秀的“书面表达”首先就是一件艺术品，书写清楚，布局合理，字母大小匀称，单词间距适当，没有明显修改痕迹，给人眼前为之一亮的感觉。会让阅卷老师心中顿生美感和欣赏之情。

二、结构美

一篇好的“书面表达”不能一段到底，应有合理的段落层次，让人感觉条理清晰。每一段落要有一个主题句和几个支撑句。考生写作时，可将文章分为三段，也就是我们在教学中主张的“三段式”：主题段提出问题或论点，发展段围绕主题讨论、列出论据，结尾段得出结论。

Its useful and necessary to discuss learning habits. As we all know， good learning habits can make your study go to succeed. As a student， we should pay more attentions to our habits which we develop in our study.

Im sure “repeat” is a best habit. Do you develop the habit？ If we want to improve our study， we should repeat what the teachers taught us again and again， and then we can understand or remember the knowledge which the teachers demand us to master. How to develop the habit？ the first step， set a timetable， and stick to carry out the plan， dont stop.

When I do my homework， I often make mistakes with carelessness， how to overcome the shortage？ I think I should think about it over and over as long as I do my homework. And then I do it little by little. Maybe in this way I can correct my mistakes.

三、词汇美

从“书面表达”的评分标准看，运用高级词汇对提高书面表达的“档次”和得分至关重要。我们常常提到“亮点词汇”，这不等于使用一些偏词、怪词，而是要使用一些生动、具体、形象的词语，并且要运用得准确得体。如“The job is very difficult to do.”不如表达成“The job is very challenging.”能显示出考生深厚的语言功底。在阅读时要注意积累富有表达力的词汇。词语的选择也应尽可能做到个性张扬、标新立异。在表达相同的意思时，表达方式的变换显得尤为重要。选择使用其恰当的同义词或词组可反映出考生较强的英语语言运用能力，同时也避免使人感到单调和乏味。

四、句式美

句式单一、缺乏生气的文章，哪怕无任何错误也不可能得高分。精彩句式的合理使用会使本来结构单一、语句乏味的文章极具可读性。合并简单句使文章的语言由松散变得凝练。简单句虽然短小精悍，但在语言表达上，不能单一地只注重简单句的正确运用，还应多运用一些并列句或复合句，使句式灵活多变。省略与替代交替使用，避免写作时不必要的重复与累赘，使句子更简练、精确；主动句与被动句交替使用，使句子更具多样性；分词（短语）及with复合结构结合使用，使得文章句子结构紧凑，描述形象生动，为文章增色。请体会下面“书面表达” ：

Dear Tom，

How are you doing？ You asked me in your last letter about my plan for the coming summer vacation. I am sorry that I did not reply without delay. How I wish I would read and reply your email as soon as I received it. However， I was busy preparing for my final exam at that time， which is vital for me. As a result， I had no choice but to completely focus on my study， for which I am very sorry. I hope you can understand me.

During the holiday， I am going to do a part-time job. On the one hand， I can earn some money to reduce the burden of my family. On the other hand， I accumulate the social experience， which does good to my future life. At the same time， I will not forget to go over my lesson. I will spend a instructive holiday. How will you spend your holiday？ I hope you have a good time.

These are my plan for the summer vacation. Whats yours？ I am looking forward to your earliest reply.

Yours，

Li Hua

五、衔接美

有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑是高考“书面表达”重要的评分依据。为了使文章结构紧凑、自然流畅，给人以上下贯通、一气呵成的感觉，段落之间要使用适当的过渡语；句子之间要使用逻辑性合理的衔接词。高考书面表达常用过渡性连接词分类如下：

表示并列性词语：either...or...，neither...nor...，or，as well as，and，both...and...

表示因果关系的连接性词语：therefore，so，as a result，as a result of，because of，due to，owing to，thanks to…

表示时间顺序的连接性词语：at first，then，later，meanwhile，in the end，before long，for the first time…

表示转折关系的连接性词语：yet，but，while，on the contrary，however…

表示解释说明的连接性词语：that is，that is to say，in other words，such as，for example…

表示递进关系的连接性词语：whats more，besides，in addition，worses till，moreover，above all…

表示总结陈述的连接性词语：in a word，on the whole，in short，briefly，in brief，to sum up，all in all…