2016年高考英语天津卷阅读理解题解析

李华军

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。

A

A Language Programme for Teenagers

Welcome to Teenagers Abroad！ We invite you to join us on an amazing journey of language learning.

Our Courses

Regardless of your choice of course， youll develop your language ability both quickly and effectively.

Our Standard Course guarantees a significant increase in your confidence in a foreign language， with focused teaching in all 4 skill areas—speaking， listening， reading and writing.

Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course， with 10 additional lessons per week， guaranteeing the fastest possible language learning （see table below）.

Evaluation

Students are placed into classes according to their current language skills. The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme. However， if this is not available， students sit the exam on the first Monday of their course.

Learning materials are provided to students throughout their course， and there will never be more than 15 participants in each class.

Arrivals and Transfer

Our programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end. They are collected from the airport upon arrival and brought to their accommodation in comfort. We require the students full flight details at least 4 weeks in advance.

Meals/Allergies（过敏）/Special Dietary Requirements

Students are provided with breakfast， dinner and either a cooked or packed lunch（which consists of a sandwich， a drink and a dessert）. Snacks outside of mealtimes may be purchased by the student individually.

We ask that you let us know of any allergies or dietary requirements as well as information about any medicines you take. Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements， an extra charge may be made for providing special food.

36. How does Intensive Course differ from Standard Course？

A. It is less effective. B. It focuses on speaking.

C. It includes extra lessons. D. It gives you confidence.

37. When can a student attend Standard Course？

A. 13 ∶ 00-14 ∶ 30 Monday. B. 9 ∶ 00-12 ∶ 30 Tuesday.

C. 13 ∶ 00-14 ∶ 30 Friday. D. 9 ∶ 00-12 ∶ 30 Saturday.

38. Before starting their programme， students are expected to _____.

A. take a language test

B. have an online interview

C. prepare learning materials

D. report their language levels

39. With the full package， the programme organiser is supposed to_____.

A. inform students of their full flight details

B. look after students throughout the programme

C. offer students free sightseeing trips

D. collect students luggage in advance

40. Which of the following may require an extra payment？

A. Cooked dinner.

B. Mealtime dessert.

C. Packed lunch.

D. Special diet.

B

Every man wants his son to be somewhat of a clone， not in features but in footsteps. As he grows you also age， and your ambitions become more unachievable. You begin to realize that your boy， in your footsteps， could probably accomplish what you hoped for. But footsteps can be muddied（混乱的）and they can go off in different directions.

My son Jody has hated school since day one in kindergarten. Science projects waited until the last moment. Book reports werent written until the final threat.

Ive been a newspaperman all my adult life. My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English. But Jody？ When he entered the tenth grade he became a “vo-tech”student（技校学生）. Theyre called“motorheads” by the rest of the student body.

When a secretary in my office first called him“motorhead”， I was shocked.“Hey， hes a good kid，”I wanted to say.“And smart， really.”

I learned later that motorheads are， indeed， different. They usually have dirty hands and wear dirty work clothes. And they dont often make school honor rolls（光荣榜）.

But being the parent of a motorhead is itself an experience in education. We who labor in clean shirts in offices dont have the abilities that motorheads have. I began to learn this when I had my car crashed. The cost to repair it was estimated at $800. “Hey， I can fix it，”said Jody. I doubted it ， but let him go ahead， for I had nothing to lose.

My son， with other motorheads， fixed the car. They got parts（零件）from a junkyard， and ability from vo-tech classes. The cost was $25 instead of $800.

Since that first repair job， a broken air-conditioner， a non-functioning washer and a non-toasting toaster have been fixed. Neighbors and co-workers trust their car repairs to him.

These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright despite their dirty hands and clothes.

I have learned a lot from my motorhead： publishers need printers， engineers need mechanics（技工）， and architects need builders. Most important， I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.

My son may never make the school honor roll. But he made mine.

41. What used to be the authors hope for his son？

A. To avoid becoming his clone.

B. To resemble him in appearance.

C. To develop in a different direction.

D. To reach the authors unachieved goals.

42. What can we learn about the authors children？

A. His daughter does better in school.

B. His daughter has got a masters degree.

C. His son tried hard to finish homework.

D. His son couldnt write his book reports.

43. The author let his son repair the car because he believed that_______.

A. his son had the ability to fix it.

B. it would save him much time.

C. it wouldnt cause him any more loss

D. other motorheads would come to help.

44. In the authors eyes， motorheads are _______.

A. tidy and hardworking B. cheerful and smart

C. lazy but bright D. relaxed but rude

45. What did the author realize in the end？

A. It is unwise to expect your child to follow your path.

B. It is important for one to make the honor roll.

C. Architects play a more important role than builders.

D. Motorheads have greater ability than office workers.

C

When John was growing up， other kids felt sorry for him. His parents always had him weeding the garden， carrying out the garbage and delivering newspapers. But when John reached adulthood， he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction， a better marriage and was healthier. Most of all， he was happier. Far happier.

These are the findings of a 40-year study that followed the lives of 456 teenage boys from Boston. The study showed that those who had worked as boys enjoyed happier and more productive lives than those who had not.“Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence（能力）and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society，” said George Vaillant， the psychologist（心理学家）who made the discovery.“And because they felt good about themselves， others felt good about them.”

Vaillants study followed these males in great detail. Interviews were repeated at ages 25， 31 and 47. Under Vaillant， the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores. Points were awarded for part-time jobs， housework， effort in school， and ability to deal with problems.

The link between what the men had done as boys and how they turned out as adults was surprisingly sharp. Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people， five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed. The researchers also found that IQ and family social and economic class made no real difference in how the boys turned out.

Working—at any age—is important. Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility， independence， confidence and competence—the underpinnings（基础）of emotional health. They also help him understand that people must cooperate and work toward common goals. The most competent adults are those who know how to do this. Yet work isnt everything. As Tolstoy once said，“One can live magnificently in this world if one knows how to work and how to love， to work for the person one loves and to love ones work.”

46. What do we know about John？

A. He enjoyed his career and marriage.

B. He had few childhood playmates.

C. He received little love from his family.

D. He was envied by others in his childhood.

47. Vaillants words in Paragraph 2 serve as _____.

A. a description of personal values and social values

B. an analysis of how work was related to competence

C. an example for parents expectations of their children

D. an explanation why some boys grew into happy men

48. Vaillants team obtained their findings by _____.

A. recording the boys effort in school

B. evaluating the mens mental health

C. comparing different sets of scores

D. measuring the mens problem solving ability

49. What does the underlined word“sharp”probably mean in Paragraph 4？

A. Quick to react. B. Having a thin edge.

C. Clear and definite. D. Sudden and rapid.

50. What can be inferred from the last paragraph？

A. Competent adults know more about love than work.

B. Emotional health is essential to a wonderful adult life.

C. Love brings more joy to people than work does.

D. Independence is the key to ones success.

D

Failure is probably the most exhausting experience a person ever has. There is nothing more tiring than not succeeding.

We experience this tiredness in two ways： as start-up fatigue （疲惫）and performance fatigue. In the former case， we keep putting off a task because it is either too boring or too difficult. And the longer we delay it， the more tired we feel.

Such start-up fatigue is very real， even if not actually physical， not something in our muscles and bones. The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply： always handle the most difficult job first.

Years ago， I was asked to write 102 essays on the great ideas of some famous authors. Applying my own rule， I determined to write them in alphabetical order（按字母顺序）， never letting myself leave out a tough idea. And I always started the days work with the difficult task of essay-writing. Experience proved that the rule works.

Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle. Though willing to get started， we cannot seem to do the job right. Its difficulties appear so great that， however hard we work， we fail again and again. In such a situation， I work as hard as I can—then let the unconscious take over.

When planning Encyclopaedia Britannica（《大英百科全书》）， I had to create a table of contents based on the topics of its articles. Nothing like this had ever been done before， and day after day I kept coming up with solutions， but none of them worked. My fatigue became almost unbearable.

One day， mentally exhausted， I wrote down all the reasons why this problem could not be solved. I tried to convince myself that the trouble was with the problem itself， not with me. Relieved， I sat back in an easy chair and fell asleep.

An hour later， I woke up suddenly with the solution clearly in mind. In the weeks that followed， the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step. Though I worked as hard as before， I felt no fatigue. Success was now as exciting as failure had been depressing.

Human beings， I believe， must try to succeed. Success， then， means never feeling tired.

51. People with start-up fatigue are most likely to .

A. delay tasks B. work hard

C. seek help D. accept failure

52. What does the author recommend doing to prevent start-up fatigue？

A. Writing essays in strict order.

B. Building up physical strength.

C. Leaving out the toughest ideas.

D. Dealing with the hardest task first.

53. On what occasion does a person probably suffer from performance fatigue？

A. Before starting a difficult task.

B. When all the solutions fail.

C. If the job is rather boring.

D. After finding a way out.

54. According to the author， the unconscious mind may help us .

A. ignore mental problems B. get some nice sleep

C. gain complete relief D. find the right solution

55. What could be the best title for the passage？

A. Success Is Built upon Failure

B. How to Handle Performance Fatigue

C. Getting over Fatigue： A Way to Success

D. Fatigue： An Early Sign of Health Problems

答案与解析

（A）本文是一则广告。介绍了青少年语言学习项目的课程设置以及对学习和生活方面的要求。

36. C 细节理解题。由题干的Intensive Course与Standard Course可找到答案信息点在第一个小标题内容里面，根据第一个小标题第三段中的Our Intensive Course builds on our Standard Course， with 10 additional lessons per week可知，Intensive Course是额外课程。C项“它（Intensive Course）包含额外课程”符合题意，故选C项。

37. B 细节理解题。根据表格的第二行可知，标准课程的开课时间是在周一到周五的9 ∶ 00-12 ∶ 30，B项“周二9 ∶ 00-12 ∶ 30” 符合题意，故选B项。

38. A 细节理解题。由题干中的Before starting their programme可知答案信息点就在第二个小标题里，由The majority of them take an online language test before starting their programme.可知，在项目开始之前，学生要参加一个语言测试，故选A项。

39. B 细节理解题。由题干中的full package可知答案信息点在第三个小标题里，由Our programme offers the full package—students are taken good care of from the start through to the very end可知，项目会全程照顾学生，故选B项。

40. D 细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句Depending on the type of allergies and/or dietary requirements， an extra charge may be made for providing special food.可知，根据你过敏的食物类型或饮食需求，可能会为提供特殊的食物而收取额外的费用，故选D项。

（B）本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲了作者一开始希望自己的孩子能效仿自己，完成作者所希望的事情，但作者的儿子Jody讨厌上学，后来成了一名技校学生。有一次作者的车坏了，儿子和他的同学却只花了25美元修好了原本需要800美元修好的车，让作者对儿子的看法有所改观，作者为自己的儿子感到骄傲。

41. D 细节理解题。由题干的hope for his son可找到答案信息点在第一段，根据本段第三句You begin to realize that your boy， in your footsteps， could probably accomplish what you hoped for.可知，作者希望自己的儿子完成自己未实现的目标，故选D项。

42. A 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句My daughter is a university graduate working toward her masters degree in English.可知，作者的女儿大学毕业在攻读硕士学位，因此可以推断作者的女儿学习很好，故选A项。

43. C 细节理解题。根据第六段最后一句I doubted it ， but let him go ahead， for I had nothing to lose.可知，作者决定让儿子修车，因为对他不会带来什么损失。故选C项。

44. B 推理判断题。根据第九段These kids are happiest when doing repairs. They joke and laugh and are living in their own relaxed world. And their minds are bright可知，在作者看来，motorheads是非常快乐，非常聪明的。故选B项。

45. A推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句Most important， I have learned that fathers dont need clones in footsteps or anywhere else.可知，作者意识到希望孩子走自己的路是不明智的。故选A项。

（C）本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，从小帮忙做事的孩子比那些不曾帮忙的孩子生活得更开心、更富有成效。由此可知，工作在任何年纪都很重要。

46. A 推理判断题。根据第一段倒数第三句He had more job satisfaction， a better marriage and was healthier.可知，John享受他的事业和婚姻，B、C、D项在文中并未提及，故选A项。

47. D 推理判断题。根据第二段第三句Boys who worked in the home or community gained competence（能力）and came to feel they were worthwhile members of society可知，那些在家里或社区工作的男孩会感到他们在社区中是有价值的，再结合最后一句And because they felt good about themselves， others felt good about them.（那些男孩自我感觉良好，并且别人也认为他们很优秀）由此可推断，第二段Vaillant的话是为了解释为什么有些男孩可以成长为快乐的人。故选D项。

48. C 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句the researchers compared the mens mental-health scores with their boyhood-activity scores.可知，Vaillant的团队是通过对比不同的分数来获得他们的发现的，故选C项。

49. C 推理判断题。根据画线词的下一句Those who had done the most boyhood activities were twice as likely to have warm relations with a wide variety of people， five times as likely to be well paid and 16 times less likely to have been unemployed.可知，差异是非常明显的，C项（清晰明确）符合题意。故选C项。

50. B推理判断题。根据最后一段第二句Childhood activities help a child develop responsibility， independence， confidence and competence—the underpinnings （基础） of emotional health.可知童年活动让孩子建立起责任感、独立、自信和其他能力——情感健康的基础，由此可推断出情感健康对于精彩的成年人生活是必要的，故选B项。

（D）本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。本文主要介绍了失败可能是一个人最疲倦的经历，而人们常以两种方式经历这种疲倦：启动疲倦和表现疲倦。接着文章谈到如何克服这两种疲倦。在文章最后，作者相信，人类必须努力试着成功，成功意味着永不疲倦。

51. A 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句In the former case， we keep putting off a task可知，在前一种情况（start-up fatigue），我们一直拖延任务，故选A项。

52. D 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句The solution is obvious though perhaps not easy to apply： always handle the most difficult job first.可知，为了防止启动性疲劳，作者的建议是把最难的任务放在首位处理，故选D项。

53. B 推理判断题。根据第五段首句Performance fatigue is more difficult to handle.以及第三句Its difficulties appear so great that， however hard we work， we fail again and again.可知，表现疲倦更难处理，无论我们怎样努力，还是一次又一次的失败，这个时候一个人就会有表现疲倦，故选B项。

54. D 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第二句In the weeks that followed， the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step.可知，在“我”的脑海中无意间想出的解决办法在接下来的每一步中都被证明是正确的，故选D项（无意识的行为可能帮助我们找到正确的解决办法）。

55. C 主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了两种不同类型的疲倦并且给出了解决方法，在文章最后，作者相信，人类必须努力试着成功，成功意味着永不疲倦。因此这是关于克服疲倦走向成功的文章。故选C项。

责任编辑 蒋小青