部分倒装常见用法归纳

赵小淑

所谓部分倒装，则是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态倒装至主语之前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do， does或did，并将其置于主语之前。然而在实际运用中，有的是主句倒装，而有的却是在从句部分倒装，甚至还有特殊情况，这无疑增加了学生理解和掌握的难度。为了帮助学生更轻松地理解并掌握，我个人觉得可以从以下几方面去学习：

一、主句部分倒装

1. Only及其状语位于句首时要部分倒装，如果状语是从句时，只要求主句部分倒装：

例：Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.

2. so /such …that…句型中，若将so+adj/adv.或者such+n.提到句首时，则将主句变成部分倒装句：

例：So shallow is the river that we can see the fish clearly.

Such a shy girl is she that she seldom speaks to anyone except her parents.

3. 以否定或半否定意义的副词或介词短语开头的句子要求部分倒装。常见的否定副词有： no， not， never， seldom， little， hardly， barely，little， not nearly， not only，at no time； by no means； for no reason； in no case； in/under no circumstances； in no sense； in no way； on no account； on no consideration； at no point等。但是，当not until引出主从复合句，则要求主句倒装，从句不倒装。

例：In no country other than Britain， it had been said， can one experience four seasons in the course of a single day.

Not until he failed again did John change his mind.

典型例题：

Not until the early years of the 19th century ___ what heat is.

A. man did know B. man know

C. didn't man know D. did man know

答案D. 看到Not until…的句型，我们知道为一倒装句，答案在C，D 中选一个。改写为正常语序：Man did not know what heat is until the early years of the 19th. 现在将not提前，后面就不能再用否定了，否则意思就变了。

二、从句部分倒装

1.当 as引导让步状语从句时，从句部分要求部分倒装，具体做法是将从句中的表语或状语（形容词， 副词， 分词， 实义动词）提前。

注意：

1）句首名词不能带任何冠词。

2）句首是实义动词， 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语， 随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Girl as she is， she behaves like a boy.

Try hard as he will， he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

Hard as he worked， he did not pass the exam.

2.在if引导的虚拟条件句中从句谓语动词有were， had， should等词，可将if 省略，把 were， had， should 移到主语之前，采取部分倒装。

Were I you， I would try it again.

Had I followed the doctors advice， I would have returned.

三、其它

1. so， neither， nor表示“也”、“也不” 的句子要部分倒装。

例：Tom can speak French， so can Jack.

If you won't go， neither will I.

典型例题

—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother？

—I don't know， _____.

A. nor don't I care B. nor do I care C. I don't care neither D. I don't care also

答案：B. nor为增补意思“也不关心”，因此句子应倒装。A错在用 don't 再次否定，C neither 用法不对且缺乏连词。D缺乏连词。

注意： 当so引出的句子用以对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。

例：Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did.

—It's raining hard. —So it is.

2. Not only… but also连接两个分句时，才在第一个分句用倒装结构。如果置于句首的Not only… but also仅连接两个并列词语，不可用倒装结构。

例：Not only you but also I am fond of music.

Not only does he teach us English， he also serves as a guide in our life.