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西溪国际艺术节:“小而美”的群文盛宴

2016-04-13戚永晔

文化交流 2016年3期
关键词:小而美西溪艺术节

●本刊特约记者 戚永晔



西溪国际艺术节:“小而美”的群文盛宴

●本刊特约记者 戚永晔

杭州西溪国际艺术节演出的艺术海报Three posters for plays staged at the Xixi International Arts Festival

很多年前,杭州就被誉为“休闲之都”,喝茶、逗鸟、游山、玩水、小酌、饕餮,都可以在这座美丽的城市找到你喜欢的地方。惟独“看戏”,却一直是此中所好的杭州人的心头憾事,很多国际大戏往往过家门而不入,甚至为了“追剧”还不乏跑到上海、北京去的。

在杭州“大而美”的各种休闲节、博览会之外,能不能为“看戏”设置一出“小而美”的群文盛宴呢?2015年末,在西溪天堂旅游度假区,9台国际顶级大戏、40多场连轴演出;国内外广受好评、上座率极高的重量级剧目,长达两个多月不间歇登台,为杭州的观众们带来全新的艺术享受。

这,就是“西溪国际艺术节”的精彩而独特之处。

原生态:贴近自然的美

为什么要定位西溪,落户西溪天堂?

对此,西溪国际艺术节制作人董怡林的回答很简单:凭借天然的开放空间和湿地风光,西溪国际艺术节在这里举办,无疑创造了突破传统剧场边界的可能性。室内演出和大量免费观看的户外演出和体验活动相结合,是本次艺术节的独特之处。

事实上,在艺术节期间,有许多户外演出在西溪天堂公共空间进行,无论原本寄情于山水的游客,还是专程前来的文艺爱好者,都可以随意入园自由观看,无需购票。而西溪的自然风情,给了这些剧目最好的诠释。

比如2015年10月1日至4日上映的西班牙原生态弗拉门戈《塔巴罗》就是一例。这种百转千回、性感妩媚的舞蹈,是西班牙安达卢西亚地区的“地标文化”,由情歌、舞蹈和吉他弹奏组成,一般也会加入击掌、跺脚为舞者击打节奏。西班牙女郎头戴花朵,身着红黑对比、群摆宽大的舞装,象征着这个国家的热情与奔放。

西班牙南部的安达卢西亚长期以来是各种音乐文化的大熔炉,早年希腊、迦太基、罗马、拜占廷、阿拉伯的居民带来了地中海边远地区的音乐,从15世纪中叶起,吉卜赛人又大量移居此地。因此,在安达卢西亚既有阿拉伯文化的巨大影响,又有吉卜赛歌舞艺术的强大魅力,这个地区变成了欧洲最具有异国风味和人文色彩的地方。正是在这样的背景下产生了弗拉门戈。

在表演《塔巴罗》时,一群歌手、舞蹈家和吉他手组成弗拉门戈,围成半圆形,坐在舞台的椅子上。演出开始于歌手的喊叫声、感叹声,在观众的心中点燃热情之火。表演中的男子非常注重脚的动作,用脚跟敲击地板时发出的节奏十分清脆。女子的舞蹈则更注重手、腕、臂、腰、臀的动作,舞蹈者情不自禁地一面踏地,一面捻手指发声,再伴以歌声、拍手声、喊叫声、舞步踢踏声,互相交错应和,与观众心心相印,气氛十分热烈。

无独有偶。11月中旬,中国天津人民艺术剧院带来的经典《原野》,也是这种原生态之美的诠释者之一。《原野》是剧作家曹禺1937年创作的作品,也是曹禺先生最富深意、争议最多、神秘色彩浓厚的作品,具有表现主义和象征主义的浓郁风格特征,明显有别于其现实主义经典代表作《雷雨》《日出》《北京人》。

此次天津人民艺术剧院话剧运用了全新手法来演绎话剧《原野》这一经典剧作,把一个冤冤相报、看似简单,却蕴涵着阔大渊深的人物情感,展现出复杂的人物性格,从而揭露封建社会的黑暗,表现被压迫、被摧残的农民对美好生活的向往,更深刻地发掘了人性的复杂多面性,也从一个更原生态、更宏大的视角展现了中国旧时代农村的印象。曹禺之女、该剧编剧万方说:“我觉得《原野》就应该是这个样子,剧本中描写的神秘感、沉重的黑暗、蛮荒的气氛都在舞台上呈现出来了。这正是父亲希望看到的《原野》。”

天津“人艺”的《原野》剧照A still of Wasteland staged by Tianjin People’s Art Troupe at Xixi International Arts Festival

寻浪漫:贴近年轻的美

对于举办这个艺术节的初衷,董怡林表示,最早是因为西溪天堂有一个400座的小剧场,很多艺术界的朋友特别喜欢,觉得这么优美的环境,应该有一个开放性的艺术节。策划者在先后去了阿维尼翁和爱丁堡之后,更加确定了这样的想法,他们便开始策划这样一个艺术节,“杭州有很好的观众,我们希望让艺术走进更多人的生活,让杭州变成最艺术的城市”。

一个“小而美”的艺术节,因为各种艺术形态的碰撞,而变得生动、饱满。不同形态的表演艺术都在不大的西溪中酝酿发酵,这里可以属于文艺青年,也可以属于白领小资,这里有学生、背包客,也有带着孩子的父母。其实,多是一些很平凡,对戏剧、艺术有着浓烈兴趣和幻想的年轻人。

被誉为本次国际艺术节上最值得一看的,9月底作为“开门红”上演的苏格兰巴罗莱芭蕾舞团舞蹈肢体剧《虎生》,就是其中的范例—全剧以舞动人生的方式,讲述了一个彼此存在沟通障碍的三口之家的故事。妈妈、爸爸和他们的女儿珀比已经无法相爱和互动。妈妈着魔似地打扫屋子,爸爸沉浸于工作,他们陷于自己的世界,而未曾注意到女儿的孤独与不开心。

某天,一只“老虎”大声吼叫着进入了房间,却只有珀比和观众能够感知到。舞台瞬间变得狂野起来,生命的能量、色彩,音乐和虎围绕着笼子,在观众当中的舞动,把活力带到每一处。整个演出结束于充满爱与欢笑的时刻,“老虎”的工作完成了。

除了离奇的情节外,《虎生》还采取了国内戏剧难得一见的“岛式舞台”的表演空间进行演出。舞台上,设有一个牢笼式的舞台装置,观众围绕四周而坐,使舞台与演员、观众融为一体,仿佛自己便置身于演出之中,独特的内容和表现形式,自然叫好叫座,赢得无数年轻人的点赞。

上图 西溪天堂艺术中心,演出在此举行Xixi Paradise Art Center serves as the major venue for performances.下图 西溪湿地的自然环境孕育了独特的文化The West Streams Wetland is home to a special culture.

除了精彩的剧目外,40多场包括表演工作坊、戏剧沙龙、图片展、“演后谈”在内的衍生活动,构成了西溪国际艺术节丰富而多元的内容,也吸引了大量观众,尤其是年轻观众。据不完全统计,艺术节期间,有6000多名观众购票进场观看演出,票房累计近100万元。加上免费户外演出和其他互动活动,直接参与艺术节活动的观众近2万人,影响人群约20万。

有了这些好戏和优秀节目在“家门口”上演,许多杭州观众成为艺术节的忠实粉丝。据了解,不少观众购买套票,或是连看数部作品。亲人、同事、朋友之间的口碑传播,使得艺术节的门票日趋紧俏,一些热门剧目演出期间,甚至出现了加座和一票难求的盛况。

澳大利亚著名吉他手汤姆·沃德独奏音乐会Tom Ward, a celebreated Australian guitarist, plays at his solo concert at the festival.

来自德国的音乐家Stephan Micus stages a one-man music show at the festival.

国际范:贴近时代的美

近些年,越来越多有经济实力的城市为寻求多元化发展、提升城市影响力而举办艺术节。上海国际艺术节、乌镇国际戏剧节等成为带有城市标签的品牌艺术节,如何从众多艺术节中突围而出,是西溪国际艺术节不能回避的问题。

在西溪国际艺术节策展和筹备之初,策划团队就明确了自身的差异化定位—以多元为宗旨,以跨界为特色,以独立策展为特点,结合西溪天堂众多室内外表演空间引进诸多精彩作品,是一个融合了舞蹈、音乐、戏剧、诗歌和多个创意板块的新型艺术节。

“国际范”就是其中最值得一提的特点,艺术节期间,世界音乐也登上西溪国际艺术节的舞台,众多世界音乐人集聚在这里,包括德国的多乐器演奏大师史蒂芬·米克斯(Stephan Micus)、印度传统音乐组合伊玛目三重奏(Emam Trio)、澳大利亚天才古典吉他手汤姆·沃德(Tom Ward)等主流国际音乐团体,还有西班牙库伦卡剧院经典默剧《安德鲁与多莉尼》、德国与加拿大联合制作的多媒体形体剧场作品《反转地心引力》等来自世界各地的佳作同时上演。

其中,作为艺术节“收官之作”、由英国壁虎剧团带来的《迷失》最为醒目。虽然演出时间推延到了2016 年1月底,但依然没有影响杭州观众的热情。

《迷失》是一个关于回忆、宽恕、自我的故事,是一个深入探索个人灵魂的旅程。故事讲述职场精英莉莉表面与常人无异,却无法正常面对个人的感情生活。当她意识到自己的灵魂正在逐渐离开自己,便踏上了重新寻找自我与最初心灵的旅程。从自己的童年生活,到父母的争吵、人们的相识与相爱,当她重拾遗失的真相时,却发现一切记忆都被颠覆了。因对生活的精彩演绎,《迷失》受到无数人的热捧。

如果说2015年西溪国际艺术节只是初试啼声,那么这个已经令人瞩目的艺术节2016年能否精彩再来?在首届西溪国际艺术节闭幕式现场,西溪天堂已经给出了答案。

我们有理由相信,这一“小而美”的盛宴,才刚刚开始。

Wetland in Hangzhou Hosts First International Art Festival

By Qi Yongye, our special reporter

Over years, many visiting international troupes did not consider Hangzhou important enough to include it in their tours of China. In order to see big performances, some local theatergoers in Hangzhou had to go all the way to Shanghai and even Beijing. Their dissatisfaction about this imperfection of their hometown came symbolically to an end in the last months of 2015 when the curtains on Xixi (West Streams) International Arts Festival were raised in Hangzhou. For about three months, nine plays werestaged by first-class troupes and artists from 21 countries and regions and over 40 events were held including saloons, talk shows, photo exhibitions and performance workshops. West Streams, a national wetland park in the west of Hangzhou, served as the venue for this first-ever theater-themed international festival in Hangzhou.

The initiative for the festival came from Dong Yilin, who acted as the producer of the festival. The West Streams Paradise, a special leisure-themed tourism and vacation zone, has a 400-seat theater, among other facilities. Local artists like the theater and the wetland park very much, thinking it was an ideal venue for an international art festival. After a visit to Edinburgh and Avignon in 2015, Dong and his colleagues were certain that an art festival was a good idea for the city of Hangzhou. “People in Hangzhou do appreciate art. We want art to be an integral part of the city’s life and we want to turn Hangzhou into a city of art,” comments Dong.

They raised funds and started the work quietly without much fuss. Unlike some big cultural events which are often sponsored and funded to various degrees by the city government, this festival was made financially possible by private funds. The organizers held no publicity campaigns on mainstream media. The festival allured theatergoers by word of mouth and through internet social media.

《塔巴罗》演出现场,营造出自由奔放的演出氛围。La Petite Grand puts up a tent show at the festival in Hangzhou.

The festival pulled in local theatergoers as well as students, tourists, young parents and their kids, white-collar workers, and young enthusiasts fascinated with art, literature and theater. Some even bought package tickets and some watched plays one after another. The festival was nothing fancy. It was small and beautiful, offering visitors an opportunity to see the beauty of various arts in various styles. Incomplete data indicate that over 6,000 theatergoers paid nearly one million yuan in total to watch performances staged at the festival. About 20,000 visitors were directly involved in free-of-charge outdoor performances and other events. Indirectly, about 200,000 people were engaged.

中国国家话剧院带来的经典名剧《红色》Red, a classic play by the China National Drama Troupe at the festival

They were not disappointed. Some were even thrilled. In hindsight, many audience members agree that they liked Tiger & Tiger Tale most. The dance was presented by Barrowland Ballet of Scotland. The amazing performance left everyone smile. The play was unique also because it was performed in a big cage and audience sat around the cage to watch. Kabul, one of the most successful plays at 2014 Edinburgh Festival Fringe, was welcomed in Hangzhou. Staged by Brazilian theater group AMOK Teatro, it examined the lives under the iron rule of the Taliban.

The last show was the avant-garde dance drama Missing by the Gecko Theater about a soul searching journey. It was staged in Hangzhou in January 2016. Though the arrival of the theater was a little bit away from the main events of the festival, it still attracted a lot of local theatergoers.

During the festival, many international musicians performed, including Stephan Micus who was a one-man music show playing various instruments, Emem Trio who played traditional Indian music, Tom Ward who was a young guitar talent from Australia.

The success of the first festival makes people wonder what they will see at the second annual event in 2016. Some art events, theater festivals and shows supported by private funds have folded. The organizers of the festival know that the secret of future success is stamina. They will continue to work together with Edinburgh Fringe Showcase and they will pick performances in London, Hong Kong, Yokohama, and Berlin. Moreover, there will be performances for children, plays created by young talents, films by independent filmmakers. The city’s government is going to help out with some funds for the next festival in 2016.

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