中考名词易考点及易错点清单

王标

考查点一：名词的数

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词：可数名词有复数形式，其前面可以用不定冠词、基数词、many、some等直接修饰；不可数名词没有复数形式，不可以用基数词及不定冠词修饰，但可用much、some等词修饰。

【典例1】（2015年广安卷）-How many____can vou see in the picture？

-Two.

A.dog

B.child

C.sheeps

D.sheep

【答案精析】D。句意为：在这张照片里你能看到多少只羊？how many意为“多少”，修饰可数名词复数形式，故先排除A、B两项；sheep的复数形式为sheep。故选D。

【易错点分析】在名词复数中，一些特殊的名词复数形式没有固定的规则，这些名词的复数必须牢记。如：child→children；mouse→mce；sheep→sheep；hero→heroes；woman→women；tomato→tomatoes等。

【典例2】（2014年遵义卷）Mr.Li is always patient to glve me____on how to work out the problems.

A.an advice

B.many advice

C.some advice

【答案精析】C。advice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故排除A、B两项。

【典例3】（2014年巴中卷）-Let's make a banana milk shake.What do we need？

-We need some____and two____.

A.bananas；cup of milk

B.bananas；cups of milk

C.bananas；milks

【答案精析】B。banana是可数名词，some修饰可数名词复数形式，故第一个空填bananas；milk是不可数名词，没有复数形式，故可排除C项。

【易错点分析】不可数名词表示数量时，不能在名词后直接加-s或-es，其结构可以用“数词+可数名词+of+不可数名词”表示，当数量大于1时，结构中的可数名词要变为复数形式。如：two pieces of paper“两张纸”；three cups of tea“三杯茶”；five boxes of chalk“五盒粉笔”。

【典例4】（2014年安顺卷）There are fifty_______in our school.They are all friendly to us.

A.woman teachers

B.women teacher

C.woman teacher

D.Women teachers

【答案精析】D。woman修饰复数名词时，应用其复数形式women。故选D。

【易错点分析】两个名词并列表示复数时，一般是后一个名词变为复数形式。如：two apple trees“两棵苹果树”。当man、woman与其他名词连用，表示复数时，两个名词都要用复数形式。如：two men doctors“两个男医生”。

【典例5】（2015年安徽卷）Please accept our best w_______（祝愿）for your exams.

【答案精析】wishes。句意为：请接受我们为你这次考试送上最美好的祝愿。根据句意可知，这里用名词复数形式。

【易错点分析】很多学生看到题目就直接填写wish，造成不应该的失分。在对名词的考查中，我们特别要注意名词的考查点，即考查的是名词的一般用法还是其特殊用法。所以做这类题目时，我们一定要仔细分析句子，看准着眼点，然后写出正确的单词。

【典例6】（2015年武威卷）The______（mon-key）are trained to do a lot of things like humans.

【答案精析】monkeys。句意为：这些猴子被训练的像人一样做很多事情。根据谓语动词are可知，本句的主语应该是复数形式。故填monkeys。

考查点二：名词所有格

名词所有格分为三种，s所有格、of所有格以及双重所有格。下面分别就其用法解析如下：

1.s形式所有格：此类所有格一般用于有生命的单数名词（复数名词用s），以及表示时间和距离的名词。

【典例1】（2014年长沙卷）-Is the school-bag under the desk yours？

-No，it's my______.He left it there just now.

A.brother

B.brother's

C.brothers'

【答案精析】B。句意为：——桌子下的书包是你的吗？——不，是我哥哥的，他刚才放在那里的。根据句意可知，应该用表示所属关系用名词所有格，根据上句可知只有一个书包，故空格处应该用单数名词的所有格。选B。

【典例2】（2014年曲靖卷）Knowledge can help open up the____eyes to the outside world and give them a good start in life.

A.students'

B.student's

C.students

D.student'

【答案精析】A。句意为：知识能帮助学生看到外面的世界，使他们的生命有一个好的开端。根据句意可知，这里应该用名词复数的所有格。故选A。

【典例3】（2014年鄂州卷）-It's convenient to travel from Ezhou to Wuhan by taking the newly-built green railway.

-Yes.It's said that_____is enough.

A. fifteen minutes drive

B. fifteen-minutes drive

C. fifteen mmute's drlve

D. fifteen mlnutes' drive

【答案精析】D。句意为：——从鄂州乘坐新建的绿色铁路干线到武汉很方便。——是的。据说十五分钟的旅程足够了。根据句意可知，这里应该用名词复数的所有格。故选D。

【典例4】（2015年凉山卷）-______fathers didn't come to the meeting.Why？

-Because they have gone to Beijing.

A.Jeffs and Amy's

B.Jeff and Amy

C.Jeff's and Amy

D.Jeff and Amy's

【答案精析】A。句意为：——杰夫和艾米的爸爸没有来参加会议，为什么？——因为他们都已经去北京了。根据句中的fathers及答语中的they可知，这里表示“各自所有”，其所有格是在每一个名词后面加s。故选A。

【易错点分析】当表示两个及以上的人共同所有时，一般在最后一个名词后加s；表示两个及以上的人各自所有时，要在每个名词后加s。如：Mike and Tom's father is a teacher.迈克和汤姆的爸爸是一位老师。Mike's and Jack's shoes are all under the bed.迈克的鞋和杰克的鞋都在床底下。

2.of所有格：没有生命的名词表示所属关系时，一般用of短语来表示所有格。

【典例5】（2013年新疆卷）-Look at that photo，what a happy family！

-Yes，it's a photo______my family.

A.at

B.for

C.of

D.in

【答案精析】C。句意为：——看那张照片，多么幸福的一个家庭啊！——是的，它是我的家庭照。a photo of my family“我的家庭照”。of表示所属关系。

3.双重所有格：表示所属物的名词前有不定冠词、数词、非确定特指的限定词（some、any、a few等）、物主代词（my、your等）或指示限定词（this、that、these、those）时，常用“of+所有格/名词性物主代词”的形式，即双重所有格来表示关系。

【典例6】（2014年贺州卷）-Who's that girl over there？

-Julia，she is a student of____

A.my fathers'

B.my father

C.my fathers

D.my father's

【答案精析】D。句意为：——在那边的那个女孩是谁？——朱莉。她是我爸爸的一个学生。根据句意可知这里是一个名词的双重所有格。故选D。

考查点三：名词词义辨析

名词词义辨析主要考查学生在不同的语言环境中，通过理解上下文来准确掌握一些近义词的意义，然后做出正确的选择的能力。近年来，这一考点成为考查名词的主要形式之一，并且越来越受到各地命题人的青睐。

【典例1】（2015年滨州卷）-I think dragons are the____of China.Do you think so？

-I agree with you.

A.symbol

B.situation

C.promise

D.shape

【答案精析】A。考查名词词义辨析。symbol“象征”；situation“形势、状况”；promise“承诺”；shape“形状”。句意为：——我认为龙是中国的象征。你认为如此吗？——我赞同你的看法。根据句意可知A项符合题意。

【典例2】（2015年山西卷）Every time I see the strawberries，the sweet____and beautiful color always make my mouth water.

A.voice

B.taste

C.shape

【答案精析】B。考查名词辨析。句意为：每次我见到草莓时，甜甜的味道和美丽的颜色总是让我流口水。voice“声音”；taste“味道”；shape“形式”。根据常识可知，应该是草莓的香甜让“我”直流口水。

【典例3】（2015年安徽卷）-How can I get some_____about the 2016 0lympic Games？

-Why not search the Internet？

A.information

B.experience

C.practice

D.success

【答案精析】A。考查名词辨析。句意为：——我如何才能得到一些关于2016年奥林匹克运动会的信息？——为什么不上网搜索呢？ information“信息”；experience“体验”；practice“训练”；success“成功”。应答者的建议就是“上网搜索信息”，由此推知，发话者问的是“如何获得奥运会的信息”。故选A。

巩固练习：

I.根据汉语提示或首字母提示以及句意写出正确的单词。

1.You'd better to keep your______（声音）down when talking in public.

2.Mount Huang is a very beautiful place.A large number of____（参观者）come here to enjoy themselves every year.

3.Could you please buy some latest m____（杂志）for me？

4.He was hurt in the traffic accident，but luckily，he was sent to the____（医院）in time.

5.The girl went out alone last night.Her mother worried about her____（安全）.

6.You should not eat so much d____.It's bad for your teeth.

7.Google is afamous w____and can be used to search for information.

8.As to us middle school students，watching too much TV is a w____of time.

9.Don't throw r_____everywhere，or our en-vironment will be even dirtier.

10.Western people usually use a knife and f_____to eat their food.

Ⅱ.从 A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填人空白处的最佳t选项 。

1.-1 have got a_____that other workers don't like me.

-It's not what you think.They are just too busy to talk with you.

A.journey

B.letter

C.decision

D.feeling

2.-Why can't people who are drunk drive cars or buses？

-Because they can increase the_____of traffic accidents.

A.experience

B.risk

C.solution

D.moment

3.-I hear Laura has got a well-paid job in a big company.

-Yes.Her good_____background helps her a lot.She once studied in Oxford University.

A.family

B.education

C.thought

D.life

4.-I hear Ted got hurt badly in the car ac-cident yesterday.

-It was true.His careless driving was the______of the accident.

A.mistake

B.cause

C.excuse

D.answer

5.-Who's that woman？

-Oh，she's_____teacher.

A. Tina and Tony

B. Tina's and Tony's

C. Tina's and Tony

D. Tina and Tony's

6.-What's the matter，Mike？

-I'm so hungry.Please give me______toeat.

A.three bread

B.three pieces of bread

C.three pieces of breads

D.three piece of bread

7.Our hospital needs two____doctors，Mrs.Li.You can ask your son to have a try.

A.women

B.man

C.men

D.woman

8.-We have no_____in the fridge.Let's go and buy some apples，shall we？

-OK.

A.vegetables

B.meat

C.drink

D.fruit

9.-Li Ming，why are you so happy？

-My mother has made a_____that she will take me to Hainan next week.

A.mistake

B.success

C.face

D.promise

10.-Can you get a piano for me，dear？

-But there isn't enough_____for it in our house.

A.place

B.floor

C.room

D.ground

11.-Mr.Li was sent to teach Chinese in an American high school last year.

-Yes，I know.He told me he would never forget his pleasant_____while working there.

A.experiments

B.expressions

C.experiences

D.explorations

12.Tomorrow is_____.The students want to buy some flowers for their teachers.

A.Teacher Day

B.Teacher's Day

C.Teachers' Day

D.the Teachers Day

13.-I'm thirsty.May I have something to drink？

-OK.Here's some_____.

A.bread

B.rice

C.water

D.hamburger

14.-What is your favorite food？

-I like___best.I had a large bowl last night.

A. potato rioodle

B. potatoes noodles

C. potato noodles

D. potatoes noodle

15.-Why didn't Sally play the violin at the concert last night？

-She said that her hand hurt，but that was only a（n）_____.I saw her play tennis just now.

A.matter

B.excuse

C.result

D.expression

16.-I feel very thirsty and hungry after a long walk.

-Would you like some_____and_____？

A.apple.juice；sandwich

B.apples juice；sandwiches

C.apple juice；sandwiches

D.apple juices；sandwiches

17.-What's the_____of your town？

-About two thousand.

A.situation

B.competition

C.collection

D.population

18.-When I speak English，I always make

-Don't be afraid of that.That's how we learn.

A.trouble

B.mistakes

C.duty

D.sentences

19.-I'd like to travel to Beijing this sum-mer vacation.Could you give me some_____？

-Sure.

A.message

B.advice

C.suggestion

D.idea

20.-Can I help you？

-I'd like_______for my twin daughters.

A.two pair shoes

B.two pairs of shoe

C.two pair of shoe

D.two pairs of shoes

21.We have bought two_____for the com-ing party.

A.box of apple

B.boxes of apples

C.box of apples

D.boxes of apple

22.-Do you like listening to"The Moon-light Sonata"？

-Yes.Listening to______is my favorite.

A.news

B.stories

C.reports

D.music

23.-Is that a______？

-Yes.There are kinds of beautiful shoes in it.Let's go and have a look.

A.fruit shop

B.clothes store

C.shoe store

D.book shop

24.This is_____room.The twin sisters like it very much.

A.Lucy's and Lily's

B.Lucy's and Lily

C.Lucy and Lily's

D.Lucy and Lily

25.-I plan to go out for a trip，but I'm afraid I don't know the_____.

-A map is helpful，I think.

A.price

B.stop

C.way

D.time

Key：

Ⅰ.1.voice 2.visitors 3.magazines 4.hos-pital 5.safety 6.dessert 7.website 8.waste9.rubbish 10.fork

Ⅱ.1-5 DBBBD

6-10 BCDDC

11-15 CCCCB

16-20 CDBBD

21-25 BDCCC