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浙江省唇形科植物新资料

2016-04-12陈征海马丹丹李根有傅晓强

浙江林业科技 2016年6期
关键词:先端裂片鼠尾草

陈征海,马丹丹,李根有,傅晓强

(1. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020;2. 浙江农林大学 暨阳学院,浙江 诸暨 311800;3. 浙江农林大学 林业与生物技术学院,浙江 临安 311300)

浙江省唇形科植物新资料

陈征海1,马丹丹2,李根有2,傅晓强3

(1. 浙江省森林资源监测中心,浙江 杭州 310020;2. 浙江农林大学 暨阳学院,浙江 诸暨 311800;3. 浙江农林大学 林业与生物技术学院,浙江 临安 311300)

报道了2012年发现于浙江省仙居县的唇形科(Lamiaceae)鼠尾草属(Salvia L.)一新种——仙居鼠尾草(Salvia xianjuensis Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et D. D. Ma)。该新种与阿里山鼠尾草(S. hayatae Makino ex Hayata)相近,区别在于仙居鼠尾草花冠外面被腺毛和柔毛,内面在冠筒基部具毛环,上唇直伸,先端凹缺,下唇向下弯折后前伸,中裂片呈向上的弯杓状,侧裂片向内靠拢,能育雄蕊的花药紫色,与后者易于区别。

仙居鼠尾草;唇形科;鼠尾草属;新种;浙江

唇形科(Lamiaceae)鼠尾草属(Salvia L.)植物在世界上共有1 000多种[1],分布于热带和温带地区,世界性分布的类群,是唇形科中最大的属之一。鼠尾草属植物花冠2唇,可育雄蕊2枚,药隔延长成线形,与花丝成丁字形着生,是唇形科中较为特化的类群[2~3]。该属的大多数种主要分布于三个区域:中南美洲(500种)、西亚(200种)以及东亚至地中海沿岸(100种)[4~6]。中国有84种,各地均有分布[7]。根据记载,浙江有15种,4变种[8~9]。在我国,该属有30余种可供药用,其中丹参(S. miltiorrhiza)是历版《中华人民共和国药典》收载的中药丹参的唯一来源,而在民间应用和地方入药中,同属多种植物的根均作丹参用,丹参类中草药普遍含有丹参酮等二萜醌类成分,具有活血化瘀、抗菌消炎等功效[10~11]。

2012年,在浙江省植物资源调查过程中,发现鼠尾草属一种植物,采集了该植物标本,并将活体植物带回进行栽培观察。通过文献资料查询[7~9,12~13]和解剖研究,确认其为一新种,现描述如下。

仙居鼠尾草(图1、图2)

Salvia xianjuensis Z. H. Chen, G. Y. Li et D. D. Ma, sp. nov. (Figure 1,Figure 2)

Herbs perennial, 20-40 cm tall. Stems erect, eramose, obtuse four prismatic, fluted, nearly glabrous. Leaves radical, pinnately or bipinnately compound, with 2-5 pinnules, thick chartaceous or leathery; petioles 5-10 cm long; pinnules sessile or petiolulate; petioles, petiolules and rachis sparsely patulous multicellular hirsute; terminal pinnules 2-5 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, ovate to long ovate, apex acute or blunt, base broadly cuneate or truncate, sometimes oblique; lateral pinnules ovate to ovoid, base oblique, margins coarsely crenate, upper surfaces smooth, nearly glabrous, lower surfaces glabrous or sparsely hairy. Verticillaster inflorescences densely glandular hairy, 2-6 flowers, alienated, compose racemes or panicles to one side at the top of stem; lower part of inflorescences with 2-3 bracts, lanceolate; bracts lanceolate, 1-3 mm long; pedicels 2.0-4.5 mm long, densely glandular hairy; calyx campaniform, 5-6 mm long, slightly extended at back of flower, glandular hairy outside, apex puberulous inside, bottom glabrous, tube 4 mm long, limb bilabiate, upper lip triangular, apex with 3 convergent mucrones, lower lip longer than upper lip, lobed into 2 teeth, teeth triangular, apex acuminate. Corolla white, with a slight lavender, 16 mm long, outward stretch, glandular hairy or pubescent outside, with a ring of hairs inside, corolla tube 10 mm long, base tubular, 1.5 mm wide, slightly constricted at hair ring, then gradually wide upwards, limb bilabiate, upper lip erect, 4 mm long, emarginate, lower lip stretch forward after bend downwards, 4 mm long, 3-lobed, the central lobe largest, upward flexuous arytenoid, lateral lobes oblong, inward closer. 2 fertile stamens, exserted, filaments 15 mm long, connectives 1 mm long, anthers purple; 2 infertile stamens. Style exserted, stigma equally bifid or nearly so, lobes linear, flexuous. Floral discs nearly in the same size. Nutlets oblong, 2.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, sandy beige. Flowering from August to September; fruiting from September to October.

Zhejiang Province: Taizhou City, Xianju County, Dashenxianju Scenic Resort, on a shaded and humid cliff (Figure 2a), alt. 700 m, Sept. 9, 2012, Z. M. Zhu, G. Y. Li, Z. H. Chen, D. D. Ma, R. Z. Zhang, XJ20120910 (holotype, ZJFC).

Salvia xianjuensis is similar to S. hayatae Makino, but different in the latter’s corolla white, without glandular hairs outside and a ring of hairs inside, upper lip of corolla 2-lobed obviously, lobes squarrose, central lobe of lower lip vertical, lateral lobes outward stretch, anthers yellow[14~15]; distributed in Taipei, Taoyuan, Hsinchu, Miaoli, Taichung, Nantou, Chiayi, Kaohsiung, Taitung and Hualien[12].

图1 仙居鼠尾草墨线图(朱旭丹根据模式标本及照片绘)Figure 1 Ink drawing of S. xianjuensis

多年生草本,高20~40 cm;须根密集,纤细。茎直立,不分枝,钝四棱形,具沟槽,几无毛。叶全部基出,1~2回羽状,羽状复叶具2~5对羽片,厚纸质至近革质,顶生小叶较大,长2~5 cm,宽1.5~3.0 cm,卵形至长卵形,顶端急尖或圆钝,基部宽楔形至截形,有时偏斜,侧生小叶较小,卵形至卵圆形,基部偏斜,近无柄或具短柄,边缘具粗圆齿,上面光亮,几无毛,下面具疏毛或无毛;叶柄长5~10 cm,连同叶轴、小叶柄疏被开展的多细胞的长硬毛。花序下部具2~3对苞叶,披针形;轮伞花序2~6花,疏离,在茎顶组成略偏向一侧的总状花序或总状圆锥花序;苞片披针形,长1~3 mm;花梗长2.0~4.5 mm,与花序轴密被腺毛;花萼钟形,长5~6 mm,花后稍增大,外面沿脉被腺毛,内面在先端具微柔毛,下部无毛,萼筒长约4 mm,萼檐二唇形,上唇三角形,先端有靠拢的3个短尖头,下唇较上唇稍长,浅裂成2齿,齿三角形,齿端锐尖。花冠白色,略带淡紫色,长约16 mm,外伸,外面被腺毛和柔毛,内面在冠筒基部具毛环,冠筒长约10 mm,基部筒状,宽约1.5 mm,在毛环处稍缢缩,自此向上渐宽大,冠檐二唇形,上唇直伸,长约4 mm,先端具凹缺,下唇向下弯折后前伸,长约5 mm,3裂,中裂片最大,呈向上的弯杓状,侧裂片矩圆形,内靠。能育雄蕊2,外伸,花丝长约15 mm,药隔长约1 mm,下臂较短,约为上臂的1/6,分离,能育雄蕊的花药紫色;退化雄蕊2。花柱外伸,先端近相等2裂,裂片线形,弯曲。花盘近等大。小坚果长圆形,长约2.5 mm,宽约1.2 mm,浅褐色。花期8-9月,果期9-10月。

图2 仙居鼠尾草(陈征海、马丹丹摄)Figure 2 Photos of S. xianjuensis (Taken by Chen Z H and Ma D D)

浙江省:台州市,仙居县,大神仙居景区,生于阴湿悬崖峭壁上(图2a),海拔700 m,2012年9月9日,朱志明、李根有、陈征海、马丹丹、张汝忠等,XJ20120910号(模式,存浙江农林大学植物标本馆)。

本种接近阿里山鼠尾草S. hayatae Makino ex Hayata,区别在于后者花冠白色,外面无腺毛,内面在冠筒基部无毛环,上唇明显2裂,裂片开展,下唇中裂片直升,先端2裂,侧裂片外展,花药黄色;阿里山鼠尾草产于中国台湾的台北、桃园、新竹、苗栗、台中、南投、嘉义、高雄、台东和花莲。

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[2] Wang M, Zhao H X, Wang L, et al. Potential use of DNA barcoding for the identification of Salvia based on cpDNA and nrDNA sequences [J]. Gene,2013,528(2):206-215.

[3] 谢宗欣,江柏毅,谢春万,等. 台湾稀有的唇形科植物—田代氏鼠尾草的再发现[J]. 台湾生物多样性研究,2010,12(1):73-82.

[4] Walker J B, Sytsma K J. Staminal Evolution in the Genus Salvia (Lamiaceae): Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence for Multiple Origins of the Staminal Lever [J]. Ann Bot,2007,100(2):375-391.

[5] 王涛,王龙,杨在君,等. 川西地区鼠尾草属植物资源调查与引种研究[J]. 园艺学报,2012,39(12):2507-2514.

[6] 吴征镒,李锡文. 论唇形科的进化与分布[J]. 云南植物研究,1982,4(2):97-118.

[7] Li X W, Hedge I C. Flora of China Vol. 17 (Lamiaceae)[M]. Beijing and St. Louis: Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, 1994:147.

[8] 方云亿. 浙江植物志:第五卷[M]. 杭州: 浙江科学技术出版社,1989:267-277.

[9] 郑朝宗. 浙江种子植物检索鉴定手册[M]. 杭州: 浙江科学技术出版社,2005:324-325.

[10] 王迎,李大辉,张英涛. 鼠尾草属药用植物及其近缘种的ITS序列分析[J]. 药学学报,2007,42(12):1309-1313.

[11] 肖小河,方清茂,夏文娟,等. 药用鼠尾草属数值分类与丹参药材道地性[J]. 植物资源与环境,1997,6(2):17-21.

[12] Boufford D E, HSIEH C F, Huang T C, et al. Flora of Taiwan, 2nd edition Vol. 4[M]. Taipei:Sandos Chromagraph Printing Company,1998:516-530.

[13] 吴征镒,李锡文. 中国植物志:第66卷[M]. 北京: 科学出版社,1977:70-196.

[14] Huang T C, Wu J T. A Revision of Formosan Salvia[J]. TAIWANIA,1975,20(2):213-228.

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New Species of Lamiaceae from Zhejiang

CHEN Zheng-hai1,MA Dan-dan2,LI Gen-you2,FU Xiao-qiang3
(1. Zhejiang Forest Resources Monitoring Centre, Hangzhou 310020, China; 2. Jiyang Collage, Zhejiang A & F University, Zhuji 311800, China; 3. School of Forestry and Bio-technology, Zhejiang A & F University, Lin’an 311300, China)

A new species of Lamiaceae was found in Xianju, Zhejiang province in 2012. It was Salvia xianjuensis and illustrated. S. xianjuensis resembles S. hayatae, but differs in corolla morphology, glandular hairy or pubescent outside, with a ring of hairs inside, upper lip erect and emarginated, lower lip stretch forward after bend downwards, the central lobe upward flexuous arytenoid, lateral lobes inward closer, the anther is purple.

Salvia xianjuensis; Lamiaceae; Salvia; new species; Zhejiang

S718.3

A

1001-3776(2016)06-0083-04

2016-05-18;

2016-10-03

浙江省第二次重点保护野生植物资源调查项目(335006-2013-0001);浙江省植物资源调查、归档、编撰(335010-2015-0005)

陈征海(1963-),男,浙江金华人,教授级高级工程师,从事植物分类与资源监测研究。

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