情态动词常见典型错误
2016-04-11安徽省灵璧县第三中学彭现省
安徽省灵璧县第三中学 彭现省
情态动词常见典型错误
安徽省灵璧县第三中学彭现省
1.凯瑟琳会讲一些广东话。
误Catherine can speaks a little Cantonese.
析情态动词后面要接动词原形,它没有人称和数的变化。
正Catherine can speak a little Cantonese.
2.请问你能帮我学英语吗?
误May you help me with my English,please?
析请求别人帮忙时,应用“Could/Canyou...”或“Would/Willyou...”,而不用“Mayyou...”。
正Could you help me with my English,please?
3.韩梅能用英语写信。
误Han Mei can be able to write letters in English.
析can和be able to都可以表示能力,都有“能够”的意思,但不能同时使用。
正Han Mei can write letters in English.
4.—我必须待在这儿吗?—不,不必。
误—Must I stay here?—No,you mustn't.
析回答以must引导的问句时,其否定答语应用needn't,而不能用mustn't。
正—Must I stay here?—No,you needn't.
5.—我可以进来吗?—不,不可以。
误—May I come in?—No,you any not.
析may用于表示请求时,只用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句中。回答以“May I/we...”提出的问题时,否定回答用:No,you mustn't.mustn't只用来告诉人们不该做或不许做某事,意为“不可以”。否定回答还可用:Sorry,you can't./No,you can't.
正—May I come in?—No,you mustn't.
6.我不需要钢笔,我已经买了一支。
误I needn't to have a pen because I've already got one.
析need既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词。用作情态动词时,具有情态动词的特点,主要用于否定句和疑问句中;用作实义动词时,具有实义动词的特点,有人称和数的变化,后接不定式。
正I needn't have a pen because I've already got one.
正I don't need to have a pen because I've already got one.
7.—需要她随你一起去吗?—是的,需要。
误—Need she go there with you?—Yes,she need.
析在回答need提出的问题时,否定回答用needn't,肯定回答须用must。
正—Need she go there with you?—Yes,she must.
8.星期天你根本用不着去上学。
误You mustn't go to school at all on Sunday.
析mustn't是“绝对不可、不准”之意,有命令口吻。若表达“用不着、无须、不必”等意思时,要用needn't或don't have to。
正You needn't go to school at all on Sunday.
9.阿曼达不仅会唱歌,而且会跳舞。
误Amanda can't only sing but also dance.
析can not常可缩写成can't,但其后跟only时,不能缩写,只能用can not。这是因为not是修饰后面的词,即构成not only...but also...结构。
正Amanda can not only sing but also dance.
10.为了通过考试,查尔斯必须努力学习。
误Charles must study hard to pass the exam.
析have to和must都表示“必须”,have to强调客观需要,有“不得不”的意思;must表示说话人的主观看法。have to随人称、时态的变化而变化,must没有时态、人称和数的变化。
正Charles has to study hard to pass the exam.
11.你明天最好别来这儿。
误You had better not to come here tomorrow.
析had better是个复合情态动词,没有人称、数和时态的变化,其后直接跟动词原形。另外,在表达“对别人的劝告、建议”时,不宜用在与陌生人、长辈及上级的交谈中,因为这往往被视为不礼貌。
正You had better not come here tomorrow.
12.詹妮弗不敢说出她的想法。
误Jennifer dare not to say what she thinks.
析dare和need的用法一样,在否定句和疑问句中,既可用作情态动词,也可用作实义动词,在肯定句中只用作实义动词。
正Jennifer dare not say what she thinks.
正Jennifer doesn't dare to say what she thinks.
13.但愿有一天我能乘上宇宙飞船去空间站。
误I wish I can fly to the space station in a spaceship one day.
析wish虽然表示现在的愿望,但后面从句中的情态动词一定要用过去式could或would,而不能用can和will。这是一种特殊的表达方式,表示wish后面说的是不可能实现的愿望。
正I wish I could fly to the space station in a spaceship one day.
14.这个好消息不一定是真的。
误The good news must not be true.
析对未知事情有所推测,表示肯定用must,表示否定用can't。
正The good news can't be true.
15.理查德可能今天下午回来。
误Richare can come back this afternoon.
析can与may都可以表示“可能”,can常用在否定句和疑问句中,may常用在肯定句中。
正Richare may come back this afternoon.
16.你必须告诉我们你的理由。
误You have to tell us your reason.
析表示主观上认为有义务或有必要时,要用must。
正You must tell us your reason.
17.要想上大学,我们就不得不努力学习。
误In order to go to college,we must have to work hard.
析must和have to都有“不得不”的意思,不能同时使用。
正In order to go to college,we must/have to work hard.
18.他一定去北京了。
误He must go to Beijing.
析对过去某事的肯定推测要用“must + have +过去分词”。对过去某事的否定推测通常用“can't + have +过去分词”。
正He must have gone to Beijing.