完形填空常考短语及固定搭配总结
2016-04-08云南
云南
完形填空常考短语及固定搭配总结
云南李婷婷
高考英语中,常常出现一些考查短语以及固定搭配的试题,遇到此类题型,考生需要熟悉各个短语及固定搭配的意义,这就要求考生在平时的学习过程中注意积累,学会在做题过程中快速判断并选出正确答案。以下是笔者归纳的历年高考题中出现的短语及固定搭配,希望对各位考生有所帮助。
一、have the chance of 有……的机会;have the dream of 有……的梦想;have the idea of 有……的想法;have the habit of 有……的习惯
【典例】(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)I had the_43_of seeing this first hand on a__44 weekend.
A.dream B.idea
C.habit D.chance
【解析】D。句意为:在一个周末,我有机会亲眼见证了这件事。故选D项。
二、1.dress up 穿上盛装/正式衣服,乔装打扮;dress sth.up 装饰,修饰,掩饰;dress down(与平时比较)穿着随便;dress sb.down训斥,责骂
2.show up 如约赶到,出现,露面; show sth.up(使)看得见,变得明显,显现出来;show sb.up使人难堪/尴尬/丢脸;show sb./sth.off 卖弄,炫耀,显示,使夺目,衬托;show through sth.从某物透出,从某事显露
3.make up 化妆,上妆,组成,构成,编造故事,做出补偿,配药,铺床;make up for sth.弥补,补偿; make up to sb.献媚,奉承,讨好;make up with sb.同某人言归于好;make sb./sth.out 看清,听清,分清,把……说成,声称;make for sth.向……移动,促成;make off 匆忙离开,仓皇逃跑
【典例】(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)When they_52_ for their Sunday game,they were__53 completely different.
A.dressed B.showed up
C.made up D.planned
【解析】B。句意为:当她们出现在星期六的赛场上时,她们表现得完全不同了。故选B项。
三、1.be harmful to sb./sth.对……有害
2.mix with 使混合,掺和,融合;mix sth.in/with sth.(烹调时)掺入,和入;mix sth.into sth.掺和,将……和入,使与……混合;mix sth.up弄错,弄乱
3.be different from/to/than 与……不同
4.apply to申请,请求; apply oneself to sth./doing sth.勤奋工作,努力学习
【典例】(2015·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)The lessons they learned may not be__60__what they would have gotten in school.
A.harmful to B.mixed with
C.different from D.applied to
【解析】C。句意为:她们所学到的知识可能和她们在学校里学到的没有什么不同。故选C项。
四、lay down躺下/倒,献出,交出,规定,兴建,主张,断言,打赌;fall down倒下,跌倒; settle down定居,平静下来,专心于;go down 下降,下山,降低,被载入,传下去;look down往下看;look down on/upon sb.看不起某人;set/write/put/note/take/get down 写下,记下;let down 放下,降低,使失望;cut down砍倒;break down损坏,分解,瓦解,(身体)垮了;get down to 开始认真考虑/对待
【典例】(2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)As they_46_ down,the weather got worse.
A.lay B.settled
C.went D.looked
【解析】C。句意为:就在他们下山的时候,天气更糟了。故选C项。
五、by mistake错误地;by chance/accident碰巧;by choice 自愿;by luck侥幸;by hand 手工;by turns 轮流;by design有意,故意;by and large 大体上来说;by the way顺便问一下;by all means 一定,务必;by no means绝不;by oneself独自,单独;by heart记牢;by nature天生的,生性;by weight按重量;by the pound论磅
【典例】(2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)They couldn’t see or hear each other and,_48_,Simon lowered his friend over the edge of a precipice(峭壁).
A.by mistake B.by chance
C.by choice D.by luck
【解析】A。句意为:因为他们相互看不见,也听不见,Simon才会由于失误而将他的朋友放到了悬崖边上。故选A项。
六、1.stand back退后,往后站,不介入;stand aside站到一边,让开,不参与,置身事外,让位于他人;stand by 袖手旁观,无动于衷,做好准备;stand down离职,退职,下台;stand for 是……意思,代表,容忍,忍受;stand out出色,杰出,显眼,更为重要;stand up起立,站立
2.take/have a rest休息;the rest 剩下的;rest time休息时间
3.make a decision做出决定
4.hold on 等着,停住,坚持住,别挂断,等一下;hold on to/onto sth./sb.抓紧,不放开;hold off不开始,延迟,推迟;hold out维持,坚持,抵抗,幸存;hold up支持住,承受住
【典例】(2014·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)__51 Finally,after more than an hour in the dark and the icy cold,Simon had to__52__.
A.stand back B.take a rest
C.make a decision D.hold on
【解析】C。句意为:最终,在黑暗和寒冷中坚持一个多小时后,Simon不得不做出决定。故选C项。
七、1.know about认识,了解;know sth./sb.as/for sth.把……看作是,认为……是;know sb./sth from sb./sth.能区分,能分辨
2.learn from sth.从……中学到,认识到,意识到,(从……)吸取教训;learn your lesson 吸取教训
3.cheer for为……欢呼;cheer sb.on(赛跑,比赛等中)以喝彩声鼓励,为某人加油;cheer sb./sth.up使变得高兴,使振奋起来
4.look after(yourself/sb./sth.)对……负责,照顾/料,确保有利于;look around/round for sth.到处寻找,搜寻;look forward to sth./doing sth.(高兴地)期待,期望;look into调查,审查;look round转头看,回头看;look up查字典,(生意、某人的情况)好转,改善
【典例】(2013·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)But people in the streets_36_him,especially those who are_37_poor.
A.know about B.learn from
C.cheer for D.look after
【解析】A。句意为:但是,街上的人们都认识他,尤其是穷人。故选A项。
八、1.cross over穿越,越过,横过,渡过,交叉,交叠;cross sb./sth.off(从名单/清单上)划掉,删掉;cross your mind(想法等)掠过心头,出现在脑海;cross your fingers祈求成功
2.drive along沿着……开车
3.hurry down匆忙穿过,沿着……急忙下去;hurry on喋喋不休,啰唆得没完没了;hurry up with sth.赶快,急忙做某事;hurry sb./sth.up 催促某人,使早些发生;in a hurry 迅速,赶快,仓促,匆忙;in a hurry to do sth.急于做某事
4.keep off(雨,雪等)未下;keep off sth.避免吃/喝/吸某物;keep sb./sth.off sb./sth.使不接近某人/事物,使不接触某人/事物
【典例】(2013·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)In winter,Mr.Greenberg does not__40 act like other New Yorkers,who look at the sidewalk and_41_the street.
A.cross over B.drive along
C.hurry down D.keep off
【解析】C。句意为:在冬天,Mr.Greenberg不像其他纽约人一样只顾自己埋头走路。故选C项。
九、1.hold up 支撑,举起; hold on等着,停住,挺住,别挂断,等一下;hold on to sth./sb.抓紧,不放开;hold sb.down按住某人,剥夺某人的自由/权利;hold sth.down使保持低水平,保住,限制;hold out 维持,坚持,抵抗,幸存
2.hang out常去某处,泡在某处,挂出,晾晒;hang around等待,逗留,闲荡;hang about慢悠悠,停一下,等一等,闲荡,逗留;hang on 抓紧了,等一下,等候,别挂电话;hang up 挂断电话
3.move on to sth.开始做别的事,换话题;move sb.on让某人离开(事故现场等);move out 搬出,迁出;move off启动,离去;move along移动一下,向前移动;move in/into sth.搬进新居;move in sth.涉足,出入,生活在(某群体)
4.turn around转身,翻身/转,好转,扭转,有起色;turn back原路返回,往回走;turn sb./sth.down拒绝,顶回(建议/提议/提议人),把……调低,关小;turn in面朝内,向内拐,上交,提交,呈交;turn off不再听,不再想,使厌烦,关掉,截断(电流,水等);turn out出席,结果……,原来是,证明是,结果是;turn over 翻身,翻转;turn up被发现,被找到,到达,来到,露面
【典例】(2013·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)He gives them a pair and then he__44_,looking for more people with cold _45 hands.
A.holds up B.hangs out
C.moves on D.turns around
【解析】C。句意为:他给了他们一副手套,然后他就继续走,去寻找那些双手冰凉的人。故选C项。
十、1.search for搜索,搜寻,查找;search sb./sth.out 找出,查到,搜寻到
2.store up贮存,贮藏,保存;store sth.up(把强烈的感情或问题)郁积,憋在心里
3.give away赠送,捐赠,颁发,分发,失去,丧失,错失;give sb./sth.away泄露,暴露;give back归还,送回,使恢复,使重新获得;give in屈服,认输,投降,呈上,交上;give up放弃,抛弃,中止,停止,不再抱希望
4.put sth.on 穿,戴,抹,涂,播放,增加体重,发胖,专门提供,举办,上演,展出;put sb.on让某人听电话;put away把……收起,把……放回原处,积蓄,攒钱,猛吃/喝;put down降落,着陆,放下,搁在(桌上),写下,记下,镇压,平定,人道毁灭;put off取消,撤销,使反感/疏远/分神,搅扰,推迟,延迟;put through完成,达成,使成功,给……接通电话;put up with sb./sth.容忍,忍受
【典例】(2013·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)He gives them a pair and...On winter days,Mr.Greenberg__46__gloves.
A.searches for B.stores up
C.gives away D.puts on
【解析】C。句意为:在冬天,Mr.Greenberg就给路人赠送手套。故选C项。
十一、1.sorry for/about sth.歉疚,惭愧,过意不去;be/feel sorry for sb.怜悯,同情
2.be satisfied with sb./sth.对……满意
3.be proud of 为……自豪,以……为荣;do sb.proud盛情款待,给某人隆重礼遇
4.be surprised by/at sb./sth.为……吃惊;surprise at sth.惊奇/惊讶,意外;take sb./sth.by surprise突袭,出其不意地抓获,使某人惊诧
【典例】(2013·全国新课标卷Ⅱ)But people who don’t know him are sometimes_51_him.
A.sorry for B.satisfied with
C.proud of D.surprised by
【解析】D。句意为:但不了解他的人,只会因为他的行为而感到吃惊。故选D项。
十二、prepare for为……做准备; look for 寻找;fight for为……而战;act for 代替;answer for对……负责;apply for申请,请求;allow for 考虑到,顾及; account for是……的原因,解释,占据;ask for要求;call for需要,要求,提倡,邀约;go for袭击,适用于,想要获得,喜爱;pay for偿还;stand for代表,意味着,主张,支持
【典例】(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I had_25_five interviews with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not_26_get the job.
A.prepared for B.attended
C.asked for D.held
【解析】B。句意为:我参加了一个公司的五次面试,但是,有一天在公交车运行期间,那个公司的人打电话来说我没有获得这份工作。故选B项。
十三、1.wave at/to sb.挥手,招手;wave sth.aside/ away对……置之不理,不理会;wave sb./sth.down对(汽车/司机)挥手示意停下,挥手叫停;wave sb.off 挥手送别
2.drop off打盹,小睡,减少,下降,让某人下车;drop back/behind后退,落后,落在……后面;drop by/in/ round=drop in on sb.=drop into sth.顺便访问/进入;drop out of sth.不再参加,退出,脱离,退学,辍学,拒绝传统社会
3.call on/upon sb.邀请,恭请,请求;call at停靠/留;call back再打电话,回电话;call for sb.去接……;call for sth.需要,公开要求;call in打电话来;call sb.in招来,叫来(服务);call sth.in下令收回,要求退回;call off取消,停止进行
4.look for寻找
【典例】(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)As I pulled the bus over to_28_a little girl,...
A.wave at B.drop off
C.call on D.look for
【解析】B。句意为:我把公交车开到路边,让一个小女孩下车。故选B项。
十四、1.(just)in case以防,万一;in case of sth.如果,假使;in any case不管怎样,无论如何; in that case既然那样,假使那样的话;be on sb.’s case不停地指责某人
2.or else否则,不然;or so大约
3.as if=as though似乎,好像,仿佛;as for sb./sth.至于,关于;as from/of(指起始时间/日期)自……起;as it is照现状;as it were可以说,在一定程度上;as to sth./ as regards sth.关于,至于
4.now that既然,由于;now and again/then有时,时常,偶尔;now...now...时而……时而……
【典例】(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)...,she handed me an earring_29_saying I should keep it__30_somebody claimed(认领) it.
A.in case B.or else
C.as if D.now that
【解析】A。句意为:小女孩把耳环交给我保管,是考虑到万一有人认领。故选A项。
十五、1.listen to 听;listen out for sth.留心听(某种声音);listen in(on/to sth.)窃听,监听,收听; listen up注意听,留心听
2.talk about谈论;talk around/round sth.拐弯抹角地说,不着边际地说;talk sb.down贬低/抑,引降;talk sb./sth.up过分夸奖,吹捧;talk with sb.about sth.交谈,谈论,商讨
3.give/deliver a lecture做演讲
【典例】(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)She asked me if I would _38_a one-day lecture on stress management to 200 medical workers.
A.listen to B.review
C.give D.talk about
【解析】C。句意为:她问我是否愿意给200名医护人员做一个关于怎样调节压力的讲座。故选C项。
十六、go up上升/涨,被兴建/建造,升起,被炸毁/烧毁;go about继续做某事;go after sb.追赶某人,跟在某人后面;go ahead 走在前面,先走,发生,进行;go along继续,进展,发展;go along with sb./sth.赞同某事,和某人观点一致;go down倒下,落下,倒在地上,下沉,沉没,吞下,咽下,下跌,下降,暂停作业/运行;go off离开(尤指去做某事),开火,爆炸,突发巨响,熄灭,中断,入睡,变质/坏;go down from(大学学期结束或毕业时)离校;go down in sth.被写下/载入;go down with sth.患……病;go through(法律,合同等)通过,接受,达成;go without没有……而勉强应付/也行
【典例】(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)Police reports are full of _35 accidents that occur when people fall into sleep and go _36_the road.
A.up B.off
C.along D.down
【解析】B。句意为:警察报告中有很多由于开车时睡觉而把车开出了马路所造成的交通事故。故选B项。
(作者单位:云南省保山市施甸县第二完全中学)