可数名词与不可数名词分项解析
2016-03-28董明义
□董明义
可数名词与不可数名词分项解析
□董明义
英语中的名词按其表示的事物的性质的不同,可分为可数名词和不可数名词,这两种名词在意义和用法上是有区别的。
1.可数名词有单复数之分,表示一个人或事物时用单数;表示一个以上的人或事物时用复数。可数名词表示泛指时,其前可用不定冠词a/an。如:a/one book一本书three books三本书
不可数名词没有复数形式,只有单数形式,不可与不定冠词a/an连用。如不能说:a milk,three salt等。
2.在表示特指时,可数名词与不可数名词前都能用定冠词the来修饰。如:
Pass me the apples,please.请把苹果递给我。
The chicken on the table is Jim’s.桌子上的鸡肉是吉姆的。
3.可数名词可用数词直接来修饰,不可数名词则不能用数词直接修饰;不可数名词表示数量的多少时,要用“数词+量名词(可数)+of+不可数名词”这一结构。如:five tomatoes(五个西红柿),three cups of tea(三杯茶)。
4.some,any,a lot of,lots of等既可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词;many,a few,few等只能修饰可数名词;much,a little,little等只能修饰不可数名词。如:some tea(一些茶),some apples(一些苹果),much beef (很多牛肉),many strawberries(很多草莓)等。
5.可数名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数要与主语的单复数保持一致;不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。若不可数名词前有复数量名词修饰时,谓语动词要用复数形式。如:
Some boys are in the classroom.一些男孩在教室里。
Is there any water in the glass?玻璃杯里有水吗?
There are five bottles of milk on the table.桌子上有五瓶牛奶。
6.名词作定语时,不论所修饰的名词是单数还是复数,一般都用单数形式;而当man,woman作定语时,要与它所修饰的名词的数一致。如:an apple tree一棵苹果树two apple trees两棵苹果树a woman doctor一名女医生five women doctors五名女医生
7.表示时间、距离、数量、钱数等的词语作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。如:
Two hours is enough for me to finish the work.两个小时对我来说完成这项工作足够了。
8.对可数名词的数量提问时,要用how many;对不可数名词的数量提问时,用how much;但对量名词的数量提问时,要用how many。如:
There is much bread in the basket.(对划线部分提问)→How much bread is there in the basket?
I would like two bottles of yogurt.(对划线部分提问)→How much yogurt would you like?
链接中考:
1.—May I take your order,sir?
—___________.
A.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rices.
B.Chicken with vegetables and two bowls of rice.
C.Chickens with vegetable and two bowl of rice.(2016湖北恩施)
2.—___________Disney amusement parks are there in China?
—Two.
A.How many B.How often
C.How soon D.How long(2016上海)
3.—___________pocket money do you usually get every month?
—Fifty yuan.What about you?
A.How often B.How long
C.How many D.How much(2015江苏扬州)
4.For kids of this age,two hours of sitting in a classroom ___________ too long.
A.is B.are C.was D.were(2015四川绵阳)
参考答案:1.B 2.A 3.D 4.A