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TLR4抑制剂对糖尿病周围神经痛模型大鼠的治疗作用

2016-03-02鲁义姚嘉茵尧新华

中国当代医药 2016年4期
关键词:神经痛造模抑制剂

鲁义++++++姚嘉茵++++++尧新华++++++卿朝晖++++++童辉4++++刘玲

[摘要] 目的 探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)抑制剂TAK-242对糖尿病周围神经痛(DPN)模型大鼠的治疗效果及其可能的作用机制。 方法 SPF级雄性SD大鼠60只,随机均分为3组,分别为正常对照组(NC组)、DPN模型组(DPN组)、TAK-242治疗组(TAK组)。采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)方法建立DPN大鼠模型,采用ELISA及RT-PCR方法检测DPN模型大鼠腰膨大脊髓组织的高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)-TLR4轴上下游基因(HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB、IL-6)的变化,分析上述细胞因子表达水平与大鼠疼痛行为的相关性。使用TLR4抑制剂TAK-242对DPN模型大鼠进行药物干预,观察其治疗效果及对HMGB1-TLR4轴基因表达的影响。 结果 ELISA检测显示,DPN组大鼠的血清HMGB1、TLR4、IL-6表达水平均较NC组升高(P<0.05);TAK组大鼠的TLR4及IL-6表达水平较DPN组下降(P<0.05)。RT-PCR检测显示,DPN组大鼠的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表达水平较NC组升高(P<0.05);TAK组大鼠的TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表达水平较DPN组下降(P<0.05)。 结论 TLR4抑制剂TAK-242通过阻断HMGB1-TLR4轴对DPN模型动物起治疗作用。

[关键词] TLR4;TAK-242;HMGB1-TLR4;糖尿病周围神经痛

[中图分类号] R587.2 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2016)02(a)-0009-04

Therapeutic effect of TAK-242 on diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain rats

LU Yi1 YAO Jia-yin2 YAO Xin-hua1▲ QING Zhao-hui1 TONG Hui1 LIU Ling1

1.Department of Anesthesiology,Guangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Guangzhou 510130,China;2.Department of Gastroenterology,the Sixth Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-Sen University,Guangzhou 510655,China

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect and possible mechanisms of TLR4 inhibitor named TAK-242 on the diabetic peripheral neuropathic (DPN) rat model. Methods 60 male SD rats with SPF level were randomly divided into 3 groups, such as normal control group (NC group), DPN model group (DPN group),TAK-242 treatment group (TAK group).DPN rat models were established by using the method of streptozocin (STZ),and behavior analysis were made.Expressions of HMGB1-TLR4 related genes such as HMGB1,TLR4,MAPK,NF-κB and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were determined by RT-PCR.Correlations of genes mentioned above and the pain behavior of rats were analyzed.TLR4 inhibitor named TAK-242 was used for drug intervention.Its therapeutic effect and the effect on the expressions of HMGB1-TLR4 axis were observed. Results There was a significant increase in the spontaneous behavior and decrease in the pain threshold of rats in DNP group compared with NC group (P<0.05).The serum expression of TLR4 and IL-6 in DNP group was significantly higher than those in NC group (P<0.05),and the expression of IL-6 and TLR4 in the TAK group was decreased compared with the model group as detected by ELISA (P<0.05).The expressions of HMGB1,TLR4,NF-κB and IL-6 mRNA in DNP group was significantly higher than those in NC group (P<0.05),and the mRNA expression of TLR4,NF-κB and IL-6 in TAK group was decreased compared with DNP group as detected by RT-PCR (P<0.05). Conclusion By blocking the HMGB1-TLR4 axis,TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242 plays a role of therapeutic effect in the treatment on DPN rats.

[Key words] TLR4;TAK-242;HMGB1-TLR4;Diabetic peripheral neuropathic

在糖尿病患者中约20%的患者合并有糖尿病周围神经病变,占糖尿病神经病变的50%[1-2],其中糖尿病周围神经痛(diabetic peripheral neuropathy,DPN)发病率为13%~26%[3-4]。最新研究认为DPN的发生、发展与全身慢性炎性反应密切相关,尤其周围神经局部免疫功能失常、细胞因子信号传导轴异常相关[5]。其中,高迁移率族蛋白B1(high mobility group box-1 protein,HMGB1)-Toll样受体4(Toll-like receptor 4,TLR4)轴可能是神经免疫性损伤的核心病因[6]。本研究拟探讨HMGB1-TLR4轴在DPN发病机制中的作用,使用TLR4抑制剂TAK-242阻断HMGB1-TLR4轴,观察其对DPN的治疗效果。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验动物

雄性SD大鼠60只,SPF级,体质量180~220 g,由中山大学疼痛治疗中心提供;安排专人采用专用饲料和水进行喂养。实验动物质量合格证:SCXK(粤)2009-0011。实验动物设施使用证:编号0044336。

1.2动物分组

60只大鼠随机均分为3组,分别设为正常对照组(normal control group,NC组)、DPN模型组(DPN model group,DPN组)、TAK-242治疗组(TAK-242 treatment group,TAK组)。

1.3动物模型的建立

采用链脲佐菌素(STZ)法建立模型。大鼠自动物实验中心取回,禁食不禁水24 h。大鼠禁食12 h后称重,按照55 mg/kg一次性腹腔注射STZ溶液(美国Sigma公司)。腹腔注射48 h后用血糖分析仪测定大鼠尾静脉血糖,空腹血糖>16.7 mmol/L的大鼠为成功的DPN模型大鼠,共得到40只(其中DPN组20只,TAK组20只)。正常对照组则腹腔注射相同剂量枸橼酸/枸橼酸钠缓冲液,共得到20只。

1.4 干预措施

TAK组大鼠,在造模前1天,造模后第1、7天分别按大鼠体重给予腹腔注射3 mg/kg TAK-242[4](购自美国Takeda公司)。NC组与DPN组分别在相同时间腹腔注射3 mg/kg的生理盐水。造模后第14天结束实验,所有大鼠均麻醉下处死,心脏注射取血,离心后取血清至-4℃冰箱储存;快速取出腰膨大,使用4%多聚甲醛固定,准备行免疫组化检测。留取腰膨大组织2~3 g,置于去RNA酶的Eppendorf管中,经液氮后转至-70℃冰箱,用于RT-PCR检测。

1.5行为学分析

观察大鼠有无自发性疼痛行为。造模后第1、7、14天,在室温(24±1)℃的舒适、安静环境下观察大鼠的歩态和后肢的抬脚、护卫姿势、舔脚、腿的着地性或抗重力行为,以及是否有自残形为。

1.6 ELISA检测

根据试剂盒说明书操作(HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB及IL-6的ELISA试剂盒,均购自美国Invitrogen公司)。检测各组大鼠血清HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB及IL-6的含量水平。

1.7 RT-PCR

取大鼠腰膨大脊髓组织,按Trizol试剂说明书提取肝脏总RNA。采用紫外分光光度计测定总RNA样品的浓度和纯度。取2 g总RNA为模板,反转录成cDNA。PCR反应条件:预变性94℃ 5 min,变性94℃ 30 s,退火59℃ 30 s。延伸72℃ 1 min。30个循环后,72℃再延伸10 min。再取5 μl PCR反应产物,1.5%琼脂糖凝胶电泳拍照。采用Quantity One软件计算待测蛋白的基因和β-actin扩增片断的扫描密度比值。

1.8统计学方法

采用统计软件SPSS 13.0对实验数据进行分析,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,组间差异采用单因素方差分析,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 各组大鼠的一般状态

NC组大鼠毛色有光泽,精神好,爱活动,食量、粪便均正常。DPN组大鼠自实验造模后,活动量减少,精神萎靡不振。TAK组大鼠活动稍差,毛色稍暗,大小便无异常,均无死亡。

2.2各组大鼠行为学的改变

DPN组大鼠自造模第2天开始出现痛觉步态,采取护卫姿势、舔脚等自发行为,造模第14天达到高峰。TAK组大鼠自发行为较DPN组少,第3次注射干预药物后自发行为明显减少。各组大鼠实验过程没有观察到大鼠有自残行为。

2.3 各组大鼠血清中HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB、IL-6的表达量测定

DPN组大鼠血清中的HMGB1、TLR4、IL-6 mRNA表达均较NC组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TAK组的TLR4、IL-6 mRNA表达较DPN组下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 三组大鼠的MAPK、NF-κB mRNA表达差异无统计学(P>0.05)(图1)。

2.4 各组大鼠腰膨大脊髓组织中HMGB1、TLR4、MAPK、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA的表达量测定

DPN组的HMGB1、TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表达均较NC组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。TAK组的TLR4、NF-κB、IL-6 mRNA表达较DPN组下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。各组大鼠的MAPK mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(图2)。

3 讨论

目前普遍认为DPN的发病与高血糖及由此带来的一系列代谢紊乱关系密切。国内外研究也表明该病的发生、发展与全身慢性炎性反应密切相关,尤其与周围神经局部免疫功能失常、细胞因子信号传导轴异常相关[7-8]。

HMGB1是关节炎、癌症、自身免疫性疾病和糖尿病发病的关键性中间物质。研究表明,HMGB1在糖尿病患者血浆中水平较高,且HMGB1表达水平与血糖水平高低呈正相关[9-10]。TLR是宿主抵抗病原菌入侵的主要识别和信号传递受体,而TLR4基因缺失小鼠,其神经超敏性降低、脊髓胶质细胞活性和促炎性因子表达也降低[11-12]。在核内,HMGB1与DNA结合,活化下游两种不同信号通路激活——MAPK,NF-κB通路。NF-κB的活化引起IL-6等促炎症因子的合成和释放,如TNF-α和IL-1β,而MAPK通路激活在调节神经元重塑方面有重要作用[13-15]。本研究显示,DPN模型大鼠中血清中的HMGB1、TLR4、IL-6表达量及mRNA表达水平均较NC组升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),说明HMGB1-TLR4在DNP的发病机制中起重要作用。

现阶段,DPN的治疗手段非常有限,在控制血糖的基础上,传统治疗药物包括抗抑郁药、抗惊厥药、抗痉挛药及其他改善局部血流的药物联合运用[16-18]。近年来,比较受关注的是靶向治疗[19-20]。笔者采用TLR4抑制剂TAK-242对大鼠进行干预,结果显示TAK组的大鼠体内TLR4、IL-6 mRNA较DPN组下降,提示TLR4抑制剂TAK-242可以有效阻断HMGB1-TLR4,中断促炎因子的释放及其对机体的损伤,推测可将其作为一种有效的分子靶向治疗方法,为临床治疗药物的研究与拓展提供实验依据。

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(收稿日期:2015-10-30 本文编辑:卫 轲)

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