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党河南山乌里沟中酸性岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及与金矿成矿关系

2016-01-31张莉莉汪禄波

关键词:金矿

张 翔, 张莉莉, 汪禄波, 刘 博, 戴 霜

金治鹏4, 蒙 珍4, 杨怀玉4

(1.兰州大学 资源环境学院、西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州 730000;

2.甘肃省地质调查院,兰州 730000; 3.甘肃省西部矿产资源重点实验室, 兰州 730000;

4.甘肃省第二地质矿产勘查院,兰州 730030)

党河南山乌里沟中酸性岩体锆石U-Pb年龄、地球化学特征及与金矿成矿关系

张翔1,2, 张莉莉1,3, 汪禄波1,3, 刘博1,3, 戴霜1,3

金治鹏4, 蒙珍4, 杨怀玉4

(1.兰州大学 资源环境学院、西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州 730000;

2.甘肃省地质调查院,兰州 730000; 3.甘肃省西部矿产资源重点实验室, 兰州 730000;

4.甘肃省第二地质矿产勘查院,兰州 730030)

[摘要]通过对南祁连山党河南山东段乌里沟金矿区中酸性侵入岩锆石U-Pb年龄测定及岩石地球化学分析,探讨了岩体形成的构造环境及其与金矿成矿的关系。矿区角闪石闪长岩体侵位年龄为457±6.3 Ma,岩石中各组分的质量分数:SiO2为48.98%~59.16%,Al2O3为14.51%~16.77%,K2O+Na2O为8.24%~9.47%,属准铝质、碱性-过碱性岩系列;DI为58~79,属I型花岗岩类;岩石Cr和Mg#值较低,Na2O和K2O含量接近,表明源岩含有较多的壳源成分;稀土总量中等,轻稀土富集,具弱Eu负异常;相对富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、K、U,亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti。矿区二长花岗岩属碱性岩系列,比角闪石闪长岩稀土总量低、更加亏损Nb、Ta等,与角闪石闪长岩属同一岩浆源,分异程度比角闪石闪长岩高。两种岩石均具岛弧岩浆岩特征,是中晚奥陶世南祁连俯冲到较浅部位熔融形成。岩体金含量高,目前探明的矿体产于岩体内部及接触带,围岩蚀变强烈,显示岩体为金矿成矿提供物质来源和成矿热液。

[关键词]岩石地球化学;锆石U-Pb年龄;小岩体;金矿;党河南山

Zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemical characteristics of

neutral-acidic intrusions of Wuligou in South Qilian Mountains:

their implications on forming gold deposit

ZHANG Xiang1,2, ZHANG Li-li1,3, WANG Lu-bo1,3, LIU Bo1,3

DAI Shuang1,3, JIN Zhi-peng4, MENG Zhen4, YANG Huai-yu4

党河南山位于南祁连山西段,大地构造位置位于秦祁昆造山系中-南祁连弧盆系南祁连岩浆弧,南连北宗务隆山-夏河甘加裂谷,北临疏勒南山-拉脊山蛇绿混杂岩带,西界阿尔金断裂带[1](图1-A),属秦祁昆成矿域南祁连加里东期Cu-Pb-Zn-Ag-Gr-石棉成矿带党河南山加里东期Au-Cu-Pb成矿亚带,区内构造-岩浆活动强烈,成矿条件良好,已相继发现了一批有价值的化探异常和十多处较大规模的金铜多金属矿产地,金的远景储量达100 t以上,是近年来秦祁昆成矿带找矿效果较好的地区之一。

党河南山地区金矿成矿作用多与古生代中酸性岩体有关[2-6]。野外考察发现,中酸性侵入岩在西部清水沟-扎子沟-半截沟一带出露广泛,在东部仅在黑刺沟-鸡叫沟-东洞沟一线有规模较小的花岗闪长岩、角闪石闪长岩、二长花岗岩岩枝或岩株产出(图1-B)。扎子沟岩体是该区最大的岩体,出露在党河南山北坡西部扎子沟至大红沟一带,面积达200 km2,Rb-Sr同位素年龄为510.85±14 Ma[2],侵位于震旦纪中基性火山岩系(Rb-Sr等时年龄为684.89±71 Ma和666.63±1.6 Ma[7])中,目前在该岩体周边尚未发现金矿化。而一些规模较小的岩体(面积<2 km2)如石块地、贾公台、鸡叫沟、乌里沟等岩体,大多呈岩株、岩枝侵入于早古生代地层中,目前都发现了不同规模的金矿化,在西部石块地和东部贾公台一带形成2个金矿集中分布区(图1-B)。其中贾公台金矿已探获Au资源量数十吨,初步显示具有汤中立(2002)提出的“小岩体成大矿”的规律[8]。近年来在外围乌里沟新发现的一个中型金矿,成矿也与中酸性小型侵入体有关。但由于综合研究程度低,对这些岩体的岩石地球化学性质、岩浆起源及构造环境目前还不明确,一定程度上制约着对该区找矿方向和找矿前景的认识。本文选择党河南山东段的乌里沟岩体,通过岩体锆石U-Pb年代学及岩石地球化学特征研究,结合与乌里沟金矿床成矿关系分析,探讨岩体岩浆作用及其与金矿成矿作用的关系,对研究该区岩浆作用与构造演化、金矿成矿作用及指导矿产勘查具有重要意义。

1岩体地质与岩相学特征

图1 研究区的大地构造位置及地质简图Fig.1 The tectonic location map and simplified geological map of study area(据文献[1]、[2]和[9]修改)1.上古生界-中生界; 2.志留系; 3.奥陶系; 4.元古界; 5.奥陶纪火山岩; 6.花岗岩类侵入岩; 7.断裂; 8.金矿点; 9.金矿床; 10.乌里沟金矿床; 11.矿床集中区

乌里沟岩体在地表呈不规则状出露,岩性主要为角闪石闪长岩和二长花岗岩。角闪石闪长岩出露于矿区西部,侵入于下奥陶统含砾砂岩及细粒砂岩之中,地表出露面积约为0.05 km2,向东隐伏,深部在平硐PD5201和钻孔ZK5202中见到(图2)。岩体与围岩接触面呈波状,可见细小岩脉呈树枝状穿插围岩。围岩蚀变强烈,普遍发育硅化、绢云母化、黄铁矿化,及高岭土化、褐铁矿化、毒砂化等。金矿体多分布在岩体和地层的内外接触带上,矿体多沿北西西向断裂平行展布,矿体多呈脉状、透镜状(图2)。角闪石闪长岩呈灰白—灰色,半自形粒状结构,块状构造,矿物组合中各组分的质量分数(w):中性斜长石为40%~50%,微斜长石<20%,石英≤7%,角闪石为25%~35%,黑云母<5%。角闪石呈柱状,晶型完好(图3-A)。偶见辉石残晶,副矿物的质量分数为3%~4%,有榍石和磷灰石、黄铁矿、毒砂等。岩体相变特征明显,中心部位矿物结晶程度较高,钾长石含量较少,角闪石含量略高,边缘部位矿物粒度较小,角闪石含量变少,钾长石含量明显变多。

图2 乌里沟金矿区地质简图及52线剖面图Fig.2 The geological map and profile of No.52 exploration line in the Wuligou gold deposit1.第四系; 2.下奥陶统中细粒含砾砂岩; 3.下奥陶统中细粒岩屑砂岩; 4.二长花岗岩; 5.角闪石闪长岩; 6.金矿体; 7.断裂

二长花岗岩出露于矿区东部,侵入于下奥陶统含砾砂岩及细粒砂岩之中(图2),面积<0.02 km2,岩体与围岩接触面呈波状、树枝状及顺层注入状。岩石为灰白-肉红色,半自形中粗粒结构,块状构造,矿物成分为酸性斜长石40%(质量分数)、微斜长石30%、石英20%±、黑云母≤8%。斜长石板状,粒径可达3 mm(图3-B)。副矿物见磁铁矿、黄铁矿、榍石、磷灰石、帘石、锆石等。斜长石被微斜长石包嵌,微斜长石包嵌黑云母、磷灰石、帘石等,磷灰石与榍石均呈自形。

图3 乌里沟岩体岩石显微特征Fig.3 Microscope photographs of the rocks from Wuligou单偏光,40×。(A)角闪石闪长岩; (B)二长花岗岩。Pl.斜长石; Mi.微斜长石; Qz.石英; Hb.角闪石; Bi.黑云母

2锆石U-Pb年龄

样品采自乌里沟PD5201探硐的角闪石闪长岩,样品新鲜,质量约为2 kg。实验室将样品粉碎至80~200目,用水淘洗粉尘后,用磁力分选仪分选出非磁性矿物,再用三溴甲烷和二碘乙烷进行重液分选。然后在双目镜下人工分选出锆石,挑选晶型较完好的锆石作为测定对象。锆石制靶、CL图像拍照和锆石测龄均在西北大学大陆动力学国家重点实验室完成。制靶时将锆石置于环氧树脂中,固结后打磨,使锆石内部充分暴露。锆石测龄在Agilent7500型ICP-MS、ComPex102 ArF准分子激光器(工作物质ArF,波长193 nm)以及GeoLas00M光学系统联机上进行,激光束斑直径为30 μm,激光剥蚀样品的深度为20~40 μm,采用He作为剥蚀物质的载气,用NIST610进行仪器最佳化,锆石年龄采用国际标准锆石91500作为外标标准物质,元素含量采用NIST610作为外标,29Si作为内标[10]。原始数据处理采用GLITTER(ver4.0, Macyuaria University)程序,年龄计算采用ISOPLOT(ver3.00)软件进行[11]。

本次测量锆石11颗,单颗粒锆石U-Pb含量及年龄等数据详见表1。锆石长宽比为1∶1~2∶1,最大锆石长200 μm,宽100 μm。阴极发光图像显示(图4-A),锆石多呈港湾状,裂纹发育,无分带、弱分带或海绵状分带,多数锆石发黑,可能与U、Th含量高有关,部分锆石颗粒中见有不规则残留核。wTh/wU=0.65~1.36(表1),平均值为0.92,反映了岩浆成因锆石特点[12]。一些锆石阴极发光具有白色色斑,可能为变质重结晶的结果;部分样品具有黑边(锆石2和6),可能受到后期流体改造,锆石的206Pb/238U年龄分别为487±6.87 Ma和497±7.1 Ma,比其余锆石年龄偏老20~50 Ma,在年龄平均时剔除不用。其余9颗锆石的206Pb/238U年龄较一致,范围为447.1~467.2 Ma,加权平均年龄为457.8±6.3 Ma(图4-B),代表乌里沟角闪石闪长岩的主要结晶年龄。这一年龄与鸡叫沟角闪石闪长岩年龄相近[13],可能是同一构造活动过程的产物。

图4 乌里沟角闪石闪长岩锆石的阴极发光图像和锆石U-Pb谐和图与均值图Fig.4 CL images of zircon and U-Pb concordia plot and weighted average plot for the amphibole diorite from Wuligou

3主元素、微量元素特征

野外共采集新鲜岩石样品4件,其中角闪石闪长岩3件,二长花岗岩1件。岩石主元素在兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室Philips® PW2403 型XRF上测量,稀土和微量元素在长安大学国土资源部成矿作用及其动力学开放研究实验室7700E型电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析仪上完成,结果见表2。

角闪石闪长岩中各组分的质量分数(w):SiO2为48.98%~59.16%,平均为53%;全碱(K2O+Na2O)为4.09%~4.30%,平均为4.19%;w(Na2O)/w(K2O)平均为1.31,两者含量较接近;MgO为1.45%~3.47%,平均为2.67%;CaO为4.01%~8.02%,平均为6.55%;Al2O3为14.51%~16.77%,平均为15.65%。碱度指数(AR)为2.07~2.85,平均为2.35,属于过碱性-碱性岩系列(图5-A);含铝指数(A/NKC)为0.56~0.75,平均为0.65,为准铝质(图5-B),属I型花岗岩类[15,16];分异指数(DI)为58~79,平均为65,从中性到酸性,岩浆分异程度增高,说明该期岩浆后期分异程度高。总体看来,乌里沟角闪石闪长岩与鸡叫沟角闪石闪长岩(石英二长岩[13])的岩石地球化学相似,只是后者的钾钠和分异指数更高一些[13]。

二长花岗岩中各组分的质量分数(w):SiO2为61.4%;全碱(K2O+Na2O)为4.41%,wNa2O/wK2O为1.31;MgO为1.2%;CaO为3.34%;A12O3为 15.76%。AR=2.68,属于碱性岩系列(图5-A);A/CNK=0.81,为准铝质(图5-B);DI=81,相对于角闪石闪长岩,二长花岗岩铝质指数和分异程度都高,说明该区岩浆后期分异程度增高。

图5 乌里沟岩体AR-SiO2图解与A/NK-A/CNKFig.5 Diagrams of AR-SiO2 and A/NK-A/CNK for the Wuligou intrusions(A)作图方法据文献[14]; (B)作图方法据文献[15,16]

乌里沟角闪石闪长岩2个样品的稀土元素的质量分数分别为270.8×10-6和423.3×10-6,在球粒陨石标准化分布模式图上呈向右倾斜的平滑曲线(图6-A),具弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.81~0.82),wLREE/wHREE为14.38~15.94,(wLa/wYb)N=24.48~28.81,岩石轻稀土富集,重稀土相对亏损;二长花岗岩稀土含量相对较低,为213.27×10-6,具极弱负Eu异常(δEu为0.88)。二长花岗岩稀土元素球粒陨石标准化模式与角闪石闪长岩基本一致,表明两者为同一岩浆源的结晶分异演化产物。两种岩石都具有弱的负铕异常,可能说明岩浆上升侵位的运移速度较快,岩浆成岩过程中的结晶分异程度较弱。比较而言,二长花岗岩分异指数DI(81)比角闪石闪长岩(58~79)高,指示轻稀土相对富集程度的(wLa/wYb)N值(43.89)比角闪石闪长岩(24.48~28.81)大,说明二长花岗岩轻重稀土分馏作用较角闪石闪长岩强,总体反映二长花岗岩比角闪石闪长岩分异程度高。

图6 乌里沟岩体岩石球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图解与原始地幔标准化微量元素蛛网图解Fig.6 Chondrite-normalized REE patterns and primitive mantle normalized trace element patterns for the Wuligou rocks(标准化数据来自文献[19])

微量元素原始地幔标准化蛛网图上,总体呈现峰谷交错的曲线形式(图6-B)。角闪石闪长岩明显富集大离子亲石元素Rb、Ba、Th、K、U、Pb、Eu,相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、P、Ti,总体显示TNT(Ta-Nb-Ti)负异常,是俯冲带岛弧系统岩浆岩微量元素组合的典型特征[17,18]。二长花岗岩微量元素标准化蛛网图与角闪石闪长岩相似,但相比角闪石闪长岩亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Sm、Eu、Dy、Y、Ho、Yb、Lu,说明二长花岗岩岩浆分异程度比角闪石闪长岩强。

表1 乌里沟角闪石闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄测试结果Table1 The LA-ICP-M S U-Pb dating for the zircon of the Wuligou amphibole diorite

表2 乌里沟岩体主元素(w/%)、微量元素和稀土元素(w/10-6)分析结果Table2 Major elements,trace element and rare earth elements (REE) composition of the Wuligou intrusions

XT1、XT2、XT3为角闪石闪长岩,XT4为二长花岗岩;A/NCK=Al2O3/(Na2O+CaO+K2O)(摩尔分数之比);A/NK=Al2O3/(Na2O+K2O)(摩尔分数之比);DI=Qz+Or+Ab+Ne+Lc+Kp(为CIPW标准后矿物);AR=(Al2O3+CaO+Na2O+K2O)/(Al2O3+CaO-(Na2O+K2O))(质量分数之比).

4讨 论

4.1 岩体成因与构造环境

乌里沟角闪石闪长岩地球化学特征表明其为典型的弧火成岩,属I型花岗岩类;A/MF-C/MF图解[20]表明其可能为基性岩部分熔融形成(图7);岩石Na2O和K2O含量接近,说明源岩含有较多的壳源成分[21]。通常认为俯冲大洋板片熔融形成的熔体如果经过地幔楔,与地幔橄榄岩发生交代平衡,则会显示较高的MgO、Ni、Cr含量[22,23];而本区角闪石闪长岩Cr(wCr=15.38×10-6~44.76×10-6)、Ni(wNi=20.93×10-6~22.32×10-6)和Mg#(43.23~51.76)较低,暗示熔体在上升过程中与地幔楔发生交代程度非常有限。角闪石闪长岩和二长花岗岩均富集轻稀土,表明岩浆重熔与深部地质过程有关,可能是幔源岩浆底侵(或地幔底劈)触发深部地壳重熔形成了长英质岩浆。该岩体与扎子沟花岗闪长岩岩石地球化学特征[2,4]相似,但扎子沟花岗闪长岩侵位时代(全岩Rb-Sr同位素年龄为510.85±14 Ma[2])比该岩体早,二者是否有成因联系还有待进一步研究。

图7 乌里沟花岗岩A/MF-C/MF投影图Fig.7 Plot of A/MF-C/MF of the Wuligou granite作图方法据文献[20]。A/MF=Al2O3/(TFeO+MgO)(摩尔分数之比);C/MF=CaO/(TFeO+MgO)(摩尔分数之比)。a.变质泥岩部分熔融; b.变质砂岩部分熔融; c.变质基性岩部分熔融

党河南山位于中-南祁连弧盆系南祁连岩浆弧[1]。寒武纪,南祁连东段拉脊山一带出露的玄武岩的微量元素显示介于板内与过渡洋中脊之间的特征,总体显示为大陆裂谷向陆间裂谷过渡的小洋盆环境[24-26];而南祁连西段党河南山地区的洋壳扩张可能在晚震旦世就已经开始[3],直至晚寒武世开始闭合,在扎子沟一带有岛弧型、I型花岗岩侵入[2,4,27]。早奥陶世,党河南山地区火山岩为典型的岛弧火山岩[28],可能说明晚寒武世开始的洋壳闭合持续到早奥陶世,在洋壳基础上形成了洋内弧火山岩。中奥陶世火山岩以喷溢相熔岩类为主,地球化学特征反映其形成于岛弧环境[29];而同期的乌里沟中酸性侵入岩,在Pearce的构造判别图中,样品均落入岛弧环境(图8),指示乌里沟岩体应为俯冲环境所形成,说明南祁连洋自晚寒武世开始的汇聚过程一直持续到了中奥陶世。同时,中奥陶世在党河南山地区发育大量的复理石沉积建造[27],反映此时的板块俯冲导致的地壳强烈活动影响范围有限。这一汇聚过程的驱动力可能还与党河南山以南的柴达木北缘的岛弧活动和大陆俯冲碰撞有关。柴北缘岛弧火山岩的锆石U-Pb年龄为514.2±8.5 Ma,表明柴北缘在晚寒武-早奥陶世就开始俯冲[30];而柴北缘榴辉岩的变质年龄(443~473 Ma)代表大洋地壳俯冲时代[31,32],这次俯冲可能与党河南山地区乌里沟中酸性岩体代表的洋壳俯冲过程具有统一的动力学机制。另外,柴北缘柯石英片麻岩和石榴橄榄岩所限定的超高压变质时代为420~426 Ma B.P.[31],可能代表整个中-南祁连地区碰撞造山成陆时期。

图8 花岗岩类构造环境的微量元素判别图Fig.8 Trace elements discrimination diagram of the Wuligou granitoid作图方法据文献[38]。Syn-COLG.同碰撞花岗岩; WPG.板内花岗岩; VAG.火山岛弧花岗岩; ORG.洋脊花岗岩

乌里沟中酸性岩体形成环境揭示的大地构造演化,在北祁连地区也有显示,表现为早寒武世开始的洋壳扩张,在早奥陶世洋壳向北俯冲,形成走廊南山岛弧活动带和走廊弧后盆地,形成大规模的奥陶纪岛弧及弧后盆地火山岩、弧花岗岩和碰撞型花岗岩[33-37],结合北祁连地区榴辉岩形成时代(460~490 Ma B.P.),北祁连洋最终在445 Ma B.P.左右闭合[31,32,37],形成北祁连典型的沟-弧-盆体系。

4.2 岩体与金矿成矿关系

乌里沟金矿位于贾公台金矿的西延地段,矿区出露地层为下奥陶统乌里沟组中细粒含砾砂岩和中细粒岩屑砂岩,角闪石闪长岩和二长花岗岩侵位于其中,发育北西西向断层,矿体发育在侵入体的内、外接触带中,受北西西向断层控制(图2)。矿化带长2 km,共圈定金矿体15条,矿体多呈脉状(图2-B)。目前探明Au金属量6 t以上,平均品位(质量分数)为2.08×10-6。矿石呈半自形-自形结构,星点状构造和浸染状构造。主要金属矿物为黄铁矿,其次是褐铁矿、辉锑矿、自然金等,脉石矿物为石英、长石、绢云母、白云石和方解石等,金包裹于石英和黄铁矿中。部分矿化地段可见辉锑矿化、毒砂化等,表明矿床形成于中、低温热液活动阶段。

空间上,矿化主要发育在岩体内、外接触带上。在角闪石闪长岩与围岩接触带上,发育黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化、高岭土化、绢云母化等;同时岩体含金属硫化物,多为晚期岩浆阶段的晶出物。在二长花岗岩与围岩接触带,发育黄铁矿化、褐铁矿化、硅化、碳酸盐化、黏土化等;黄铁矿与碳酸盐一起呈集晶充填在岩浆岩矿物之裂隙,并对其进行交代,像是晚岩浆或岩浆期后矿化所致。这些都说明岩体可能在就位时,为成矿过程提供了热源。

本次研究工作在乌里沟矿区采得化学分析样品10件,其中围岩样品3件,角闪石闪长岩6件,二长花岗岩1件,通过对与金成矿关系密切的Au、Ag、As、Sb、Bi等元素含量测试和对比分析(表3)发现,中奥陶统长石砂岩的金元素丰度值普遍较低,接近地壳克拉克值;矿体多分布在角闪石闪长岩及其与长石砂岩接触带或构造形成的蚀变带中,而且远离岩体的地层内虽然也见断裂,但很少见金矿化,说明地层不可能为金矿成矿提供物质来源。而角闪石闪长岩Au高出标准花岗岩平均值50倍以上,水系沉积物测量显示岩体下游土壤中金元素明显富集,Sb、As、Cu、Bi、Ag等元素套合良好,其中Au、As、Sb变异系数及离差值均很高,显示出强分异的特征,说明角闪石闪长岩提供了成矿物质来源。可见角闪石闪长岩对乌里沟金矿成矿起主导作用,既提供了热源,也提供了成矿物质。

表3 乌里沟矿区岩石成矿元素测量结果Table 3 The measured results of the metallogenic elements of the rocks in the Wuligou ore-field

乌里沟角闪石闪长岩与其东南部的鸡叫沟角闪石闪长岩(石英二长岩[13])的年龄相近、地球化学性质相似,形成的构造环境也一致[13],鸡叫沟石英二长岩为黑刺沟金矿提供了矿源物质[4],从侧面说明乌里沟角闪石闪长岩是乌里沟金矿成矿物质来源。其成矿过程可以概括为:中晚奥陶世,南祁连洋向北俯冲过程中,洋壳熔融形成乌里沟角闪石闪长岩,在岩浆活动晚期及期后,与岩浆活动有关的成矿流体沿深大断裂侵入,携带大量含矿组分进入到断裂较为发育的岩体与砂岩接触带,在有利部位充填而成矿。

5结 论

a.本文利用锆石U-Pb(LA-ICP-MS)法获得了乌里沟角闪石闪长岩岩体年龄为457.8±6.3 Ma。

b.岩石地球化学测量结果显示岩石富Al和碱质,属准铝质系列及过碱性-碱性岩石系列,为I型花岗岩类。角闪石闪长岩和二长花岗岩属同一岩浆源,后者比前者分异程度高,都形成于岛弧环境,岩石具较低的Cr、Ni含量和Mg#值,显示源岩与地幔没有直接联系,岩浆是南祁连洋壳向北俯冲过程中发生熔融形成的。

c.乌里沟岩体与金矿蚀变矿化空间关系密切,岩体Au元素丰度值高,岩体为成矿提供了物源和热源。

王崇礼教授鉴定了岩石薄片,张瑞、鲁永朋、浪万玲参加了部分野外工作,作者在此一并向他们致谢。

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简讯

1.CollegeofEarthandEnvironmentalSciences,KeyLaboratoryofWesternChina’s

EnvironmentalSystems(MinistryofEducation),Lanzhou730000,China;

2.GansuInstituteofGeologicalSurvey,Lanzhou730000,China;

3.KeyLaboratoryofWesternChina’sMineralResourcesofGansuProvince,LanzhouUniversity,

Lanzhou730000,China;

4.GansuSecondInstituteofGeologicalandMineralResourceExploration,Lanzhou730030,China

Abstract:This paper reports the zircon U-Pb dating and the lithogeochemistry of the small-scale neutral-acidic intrusions in the Wuligou gold deposit in the east of Danghenanshan, South Qilian Mt., and interprets their tectonic settings and the linkage to gold mineralization. Our data show that the emplacement age of the amphibole diorite is 457±6.3 Ma. The mass fraction of SiO2is 48.98%~59.16%, that of A12O3is 14.51%~16.77%, that of (K2O+Na2O) is 8.24%~9.47% and that of DI is 58~79, indicating that the amphibole diorite belongs to the ultra-alkaline to alkaline, sub-aluminous rock series and I-type granitoid rocks. The amphibole diorite is poor in Cr and has low value of Mg#, suggesting that its source rock has many crust materials. The total REE is moderate and LREE is rich, with slightly negative Eu abnormity. The large ion lithophile elements of Rb, Ba, Th, K, U are relatively rich and Nb, Ta, P, Ti are poor. The monzonitic granite belongs to the alkaline rock series, and its total REE is lower than that of the amphibole diorite and its Nb and Ta are more poor. These two types of rocks are originated from the same magma source. The differentiation of the monzonitic granite is higher than that of the amphibole diorite. They have geochemical characteristics of the island arc magmatic rock, and formed in the island arc when the north margin of Qaidam subducted beneath South Qilian during middle-late Ordovician. The Wuligou gold deposit is temporally and genetically related to the intrusions, because the alternation and the mineralization occur in the intrusion’s contact zones, and the Au content is extremely higher than that in the crust. All these show that the intrusions provide both the metallogenic materials and the thermal fluids for the formation of the gold deposit.

Key words:zircon U-Pb age; geochemical characteristics; neutral-acidic intrusion; Wuligou; Danghenanshan area

[文献标志码][分类号] P588.121 A

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