主谓一致考点归纳

龙国涛

在英语句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在意义一致、形式一致、承前一致以及就近一致几个方面。

[意义一致原则]

只要句子的主语是单数意义，则谓语用单数；句子的主语是复数意义，则谓语用复数。

规则1 不可数名词作主语，一律视为单数。以s结尾的国名、地名、机构名、书名，如：the United States， the United Nations等作主语，视为单数；有些不可数名词如：news、 maths、 physics等虽然以s结尾，但不是复数。

规则2 表示单一概念的动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。“one/either/neither/each of+复数名词或代词”作主语时，谓语用单数。如：

When and where to go for the on salary holiday has not been decided yet.

何时何地度带薪假还未决定。

Either of the stories is very ridiculous.

要么两个故事中有一个是极其荒谬的。

规则3 something，nothing，somebody，nobody，no one等不定代词作主语，谓语通常用单数。如：

Nothing is impossible to a willing heart.

事上无难事，只怕有心人。

规则4 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词常用单数。如：

Twenty pounds was missing from the wallet.

钱包里掉了20镑。

规则5 a series of， a kind of， a piece of， a pair of 等修饰名词，通常以量词的单复数形式来决定谓语的单复数。如：

Two series of new books have been ordered.

两个系列的新书已被预订。

规则6 “a number of+复数名词”意为“许多……”，是复数意义；“the number of+复数名词”意为“……的数目”，是单数意义。the population of...意为“……的人口数量”，作主语时，谓语用单数形式；但如果是“分数/百分数/half of/the rest of+the population”作主语时，谓语则用复数形式，因为具体指其中的多少人，是复数意义。如：

The number of the students in our school is quite large and a number of teachers work hard.

我校学生数目众多而且许多老师工作很努力。

规则7 “the+adj.”结构指人时，谓语动词用复数形式；如果表示抽象的概念，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

Even the wise are not always free from mistakes.

即使智者也难免犯错。

规则8 分数、百分数及all，some，the rest，half of， most of，part of等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数根据其指代的含义确定。如：

The rest of the workers are still very tired.

其余的工人仍旧很疲惫。

All he said is wrong.

他说的都是错的。

点拨 all he said为一个整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。

规则9 主语为集体名词时，如果表示一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指其中的个体，谓语动词用复数。常见的有：army，audience，cattle，class，club，committee， crowd，family，government，group，majority，minority， people，police，public，staff，team等，其中cattle，people，police一般看成复数形式。

规则10 当and连接的两个并列主语在意义上指同一人、同一物、同一事或者同一概念时，应看作单数，谓语动词用单数形式。另外，当and连接两个形容词修饰一个单数形式的主语时，其实是指两种不同的事物，主语则应该看作是复数。如：

War and peace is a constant theme in history.

战争与和平是历史永恒的主题。

Chinese and Japanese silk are of good quality.

中日两国丝绸都是高品质的。

规则11 what引导的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于作表语的名词的单复数形式。如：

What surprised me most was his attitude towards his study.

让我吃惊的是他的学习态度。

规则12 such作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式要根据其意义而定。如：

Such is Stephen Hawking， who has suffered a great deal but achieved so much.

这就是史蒂文·霍金，身患重疾而又成就非凡。

规则13 “quantities of+名词”作主语时，不论名词是复数还是不可数，谓语一律用复数。如：

Every day quantities of water are wasted.

每天都有大量的水被浪费。

Large quantities of food were carried to the city.

大量的水被运往该市。

[形式一致原则]

主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致：主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。

规则1 every/each/no修饰单数名词，以及and连接的两个有every/each/no修饰的单数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式。如：

Every boy and every girl is practicing yoga.

每个男生和女生都在练瑜伽。

规则2 “more than one/many a+单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

More than one student has failed the exam.

不止一个学生考试不及格。

[就近一致原则]

规则 当连词or，not ... but ...，either ... or ...， neither ... nor ...，not only ... but （also） ...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式一般与最靠近的词语保持一致。如：

Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.

要么我要么他们为此事的后果负责。

Not only you but also Luca is to blame for the accident.

你和卢卡都要为这次事故担责。

One or perhaps more pages are missing.

一页，或者不止一页书不见了。

[承前一致原则]

规则 主语后接介词with，together with，along with，except，besides，as well as，in，of等连接的词语时，谓语动词的数要和这些短语前面的名词的单复数保持一致。如：

Mr. Smith together with his children goes to the park every Sunday.

史密斯先生和孩子们每周日都去公园。

The famous musician， as well as his students， was invited to the opening ceremony.

著名音乐家和弟子们都受邀出席开幕式。

The teacher， as well as his students， is going to see the film this afternoon.

老师和学生今天下午都会去看这部电影。

[高考链接]

例1 （2014·安徽卷）The pilot， as well as two of the passengers escaped death in the air crash.

A. have B. has

C. is D. are

解析 B。考查动词时态和主谓一致。主语the pilot是单数，根据escaped可以推断出题干时态是现在完成时。

例2 （2015·天津卷）English is a language shared by several diverse cultures， each of which it differently.

A.have used B.use

C.used D.uses

解析 D。考查时态和主谓一致。句意：英语是一种被好几种不同文化共同使用的语言，每一种文化对字的使用它都是不同的。首先从主句使用一般现在时可推断，定语从句中也应用此时态，所以先排除A项和C项，又从句中的主语是each of which指几种文化中的每一种，是单数概念。

例3 （2013·陕西卷）As often the case with the children， Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

解析 A。考查主谓一致。as在此句中引导非限制性定语从句，同时在句中作主语，指代的是一个单数概念。

[练习]

1.The family as well as their dog in the ruins by the earthquake.

A.was trapped B.trapped

C.were trapped D.trapping

2.Britain many other industrialized countries， major changes over the last 100 years.

A.together with/have experienced

B.as well as/have experienced

C.in common with/has experienced

D.instead of/has experienced

3.As a result of destroying the forests， a large of desert covered the land.

A.number/has B.quantity/has

C.number/have D.quantity/have

4.Is it he or you in charge of the job and supposed to complete it punctually？

A.who is B.that is

C.who are D.whom are

5.An average of about 100 emails a week

received. Such the case with Martin at present.

A.are/are B.is/is

C.is/are D.are/is

6.Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture， but when and where yet.

A.hasnt been decided

B.havent decided

C.isnt being decided

D.arent decided

7. The style and the color of the sofa （都很完美） for what we want. （perfect）

8. Every teacher and every student （习惯了） the new classroom during the earthquake. （use）

9. Now many a scientist （想成为牛顿第二）. （want）

10. A library with five thousand books （送给） the nation as a gift last year. （offer）

11. When and where to build the new factory （还未决定）. （decide）

12. In the house nothing but the books and the pictures on the wall （属于我）. （belong）

[参考答案]

1～6.CCBCDA

7. are perfect for

8. is/was used to

9. wants to be like Newton

10. was offered

11. has not been decided yet

12. belongs to me